Growth Rings in Agathis robusta and Araucaria cunninghamii From Tropical Australia

Agathis robusta and Araucaria cunninghamii trees growing in a seasonal tropical climate in north Queensland produce late wood during cooler and drier periods. Vascular cambium growth rates fluctuate, and slow-growing trees may temporarily have inactive cambium around parts of the trunk so no growth ring is formed. Radiocarbon dates on old Agathis trees indicate that the frequency of ring formation is less than annual.

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Growth Rings, Growth Ring Formation and Age Determination in the Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mch115 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

A. VERHEYDEN

Keyword(s):

Growth Ring ◽

Age Determination ◽

Ring Formation ◽

Rhizophora Mucronata ◽

Growth Rings

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Determination of Growth and Age of Slow Growing Brittle Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) From Natural Growth Bands

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400044891 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 941-951 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Corinna Dahm ◽

Thomas Brey

Keyword(s):

Growth Ring ◽

Natural Growth ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Brittle Stars ◽

Antarctic Species ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Growth Bands ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Size Increment

Growth in ophiuroids is highly variable, and with increasing size and age of an ophiuroid specimen more and more of the innermost growth rings on the vertebral ossicles become overgrown and hence invisible. Two approaches to estimate individual age of slow growing brittle stars using the high Antarctic species Ophionotus victoriae are compared. One method interprets natural growth ring readings as size-increment data, whereas the second method compensates for growth ring overgrowth by means of an iterative corrective approach. Preconditions as well as advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.

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Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f08-195 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 142-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Owen A. Sherwood ◽

Evan N. Edinger

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Primnoa Resedaeformis ◽

Paragorgia Arborea ◽

Deep Sea Corals ◽

Axial Growth

Using bomb-14C dating and growth ring counting methods, we calculate life spans and growth rates of six species of deep-sea corals collected at depths of between 400 and 900 m from the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador. Bamboo corals ( Acanella arbuscula , Keratoisis ornata ) and antipatharians ( Stauropathes arctica ) secrete concentric growth rings in their axial skeletons, which were proven to form annually for K. ornata and S. arctica. These species had the lowest radial growth rates of 33 ± 11 to 75 ± 11 μm·year–1. Primnoa resedaeformis and Paramuricea spp. had higher radial growth rates of 83 ± 6 to 215 ± 37 μm·year–1. Paragorgia arborea had the highest radial growth rate of 830 ± 120 μm·year–1. Axial growth rates ranged from 0.56 ± 0.05 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Paramuricea spp. to 2.61 ± 0.45 cm·year–1 for a specimen of Primnoa resedaeformis . Life spans ranged from 18 ± 4 years for a live-collected P. resedaeformis to 200 ± 30 years for a subfossil specimen of K. ornata. Because all of the corals were from heavily fished areas, it is likely that age distributions are biased towards smaller and younger colonies. Recovery of deep-sea corals from fishing-induced damage will take decades to centuries.

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Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-181 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1041-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. C. Yang ◽

C. A. Benson ◽

J. K. Wong

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Wood ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Level ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Vertical Variation ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Ring Number ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

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Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2004.0208 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 155 (6) ◽

pp. 208-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Bebi ◽

Alejandro Casteller ◽

Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽

Veronika Stöckli

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Snow Avalanches ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

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Maintenance of multiplication rate stability by cell populations in the face of heterogeneity among individual cells

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.91.4.571 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 571-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Grundel ◽

H. Rubin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Multiplication Rate ◽

Population Growth Rates ◽

Wide Range ◽

Constant Multiplication ◽

Embryo Cells ◽

The Face ◽

Nih 3T3 ◽

Slow Growing

We addressed the question of how a population of cells can maintain a constant multiplication rate given the heterogeneity of its individual members. Using the NIH 3T3 line of mouse embryo cells, comparisons were made of multiplication rates between offspring subclones and the parental clones from which the subclones were derived. Parents at all levels of multiplication rate produced offspring with a wide range of multiplication rates. Offspring from parent cells with the highest growth rates rarely exceeded their parents in rate of multiplication. Offspring from slow-growing parents, however, often exceeded the parents. It is concluded that the multiplication of NIH 3T3 populations represents constant diversification in multiplication rate: heterogeneous parents producing heterogeneous offspring. Population growth rates can remain stable because the fastest-growing parents generally produce offspring that multiply slower than the parents while the slowest parents often produce offspring that multiply faster than the parents.

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Effects of Initial Soil Properties on Three-Year Performance of Six Tree Species in Tropical Dry Forest Restoration Plantings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050428 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Valentina Carrasco-Carballido ◽

Cristina Martínez-Garza ◽

Héctor Jiménez-Hernández ◽

Flavio Márquez-Torres ◽

Julio Campo

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Tropical Dry Forest ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Initial Soil ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Fast Growing Species

Deforestation of tropical dry forest reduces soil fertility, with negative effects on future restoration intervention. To evaluate the effect of initial soil properties on three-year performance of six tree species in restoration settings, we measured C, N, and P contents in topsoils of 48 plots under minimal (exclusions of livestock grazing) and maximal (plantings of six native species) restoration intervention during two years in tropical dry forest in central Mexico. Survival and height and diameter relative growth rates were evaluated by species and by growth rank (three fast- and three slow-growing species). After two years, organic C and the C:N ratio increased early during natural succession; these increases might be related to high density of N2-fixing recruits at both intervention levels. Changes in N availability for plants (i.e., NO3− and NH4+ contents) occurred after cattle exclusion. After 40 months, the fast-growing legume Leucaena esculenta (DC.) Benth. had the highest survival (65.55%) and relative growth rate in both height (3.16%) and diameter (5.67%). Fast-growing species had higher survival and diameter growth rates than slow-growing species. Higher diameter growth rates for fast-growing species may be associated with a higher ability to forage for soil resources, whereas similar height growth rates for slow and fast-growing species suggested low competition for light due to slow natural succession at the site. Planted seedlings had higher survival possibly due to initial high NO3− content in the soil. Also, fast-growing species seem to benefit from initially higher pH in the soil. Both soil properties (i.e., pH and NO3−) may be augmented to favor the performance of fast-growing species in restoration plantings and to further accelerate soil recovery in tropical dry forests.

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Chaparral growth-ring analysis as an indicator of stand biomass development

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf16080 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kellie A. Uyeda ◽

Douglas A. Stow ◽

John F. O'Leary ◽

Christina Tague ◽

Philip J. Riggan

Keyword(s):

Growth Ring ◽

Basal Area ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Long Time

Chaparral wildfires typically create even-aged stands of vegetation that grow quickly in the first 2 decades following a fire. Patterns of this growth are important for understanding ecosystem productivity and re-establishment success, but are logistically challenging to measure over long time periods. We tested the utility of a novel method of using shrub growth rings to estimate stand-level biomass accumulation at an annual time scale in southern California chaparral. We examined how temporal variation in precipitation and spatial variation in solar irradiation influence that accumulation. Using field measurements and a relationship between stem basal area and aboveground biomass, we estimated current biomass levels in an 11-year-old chaparral stand, and used growth-ring diameters to estimate growth in each year from age 4 to 11 years. We found that annual growth as measured by shrub growth rings tracked closely with patterns of annual precipitation, but not with time since fire. Solar irradiation was not found to be a significant covariate with total biomass by plot, possibly due to sampling area limitations. The close relationship of annual biomass accumulation with annual precipitation indicates that shrub growth-ring measurements can provide a useful metric of stand-level recovery.

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Hydraulic Conductivity in Trunk Xylem of Elm, Ulmus Americana

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000958 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 303-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

George S. Ellmore ◽

Frank W. Ewers

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Transport Pathway ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Ulmus Americana ◽

Xylem Transport ◽

Flow Through

The notion that most xylem transport in stems of ring-porous trees occurs in the outermost growth ring requires experimental support. Significance of this ring is challenged by workers who find tracer dyes appearing in 4 to 8 growth rings rather than in only the outermost increment. We test the hypothesis that the outermost growth ring is of overriding significance in fluid transport through stems of Ulmus, a ring-porous tree. Fluid flow through the outermost ring was quantified by removing that ring, calculating gravity flow rates (hydraulic conductivity at 10.13 kPa m-1 ), and by tracing the transport pathway through control and experimental stem segments. From measurements corroborating theoretical calculations based on Poiseuille's law, over 90% of fluid flow through the stem occurs through the outermost ring. Remaining rings combine to account for less than 10% of xylem transport. As a result of dependence upon transport in the most superficial xylem, ring-porous trees such as elm, oak, ash, and chestnut are particularly susceptible to xylem pathogens entering from the bark.

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