Experimental Infection of Atlantic Cod with a Larval Marine Nematode from Smelt

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Natural Conditions

Atlantic cod (Gadus callarias) and at least 13 other species of fish in Canadian Atlantic waters are intermediate hosts for a larval nematode (Porrocaecum decipiens). It is pointed out that large cod feed occasionally on infected species of fish and that, as a result, they may become infected. Experiments showed that when larval Porrocaecum from smelt (Osmerus mordax) were fed to cod, some worms passed through the wall of the stomach, crossed the coelom, and penetrated the hypaxonic muscle of the cod. It was concluded that Porrocaecum larvae, under natural conditions, are also able to pass from one species of fish to another.

Experiments with the Harbour Seal, Phoca vitulina, a Definitive Host of a Marine Nematode, Porrocaecum decipiens

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbour Seal ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
The Third ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Distinct Increase ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Infestation experiments carried out in 1947 and 1948 showed that the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) was a definitive host of a larval nematode found in the flesh of the Atlantic cod (Gadus callarias), smelt (Osmerus mordax), Canadian plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and eelpout (Macrozoarces americanus). Adult worms recovered from experimentally infested seals were identified as Porrocaecum decipiens. Some larval Porrocaecum in the four species of fishes studied were P. decipiens.The worms lost their larval characteristics by moulting between the third and sixth day following introduction into the seal. Sexual maturation proceeded rapidly after the eleventh day and some males and females matured before the twentieth day. Maturation was accompanied by a distinct increase in size.

Distribution of the cestode Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) in the Palaearctic and new data on its postembryonic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kornienko ◽  
L.A. Ishigenova
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Generic Diagnosis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Very High

Abstract Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 is an intestinal parasite of Sorex spp. In the Palaearctic. There are significant differences in the descriptions of both adults and stages of ontogenesis of U. prolifer as described by various authors. The experimental infection of intermediate hosts with cestodes has been conducted. An overview of the geographical distribution, infestation of the definitive hosts and the development of the metacestode stages of U. prolifer are presented. The cestode is characterized by an extensive geographic area in the Palaearctic, wide host specificity and very high rates of infection of its definitive host. Urocystis prolifer has been recorded mostly in the taiga and forest zones of Palaearctic. Fourteen species of Sorex were registered as the definitive host. Redescription of U. prolifer and an amended generic diagnosis are provided. A complete description of the ontogeny from oncosphere to fully developed metacestode is given. Features of development of the metacestode are an asexual larval reproduction, the absence of the anterior and posterior obturator valve in the cyst of the fully developed urocyst, as well as excretory bodies.

scholarly journals Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-254
Author(s):  
Lei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Rapid Variation ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Animal Hosts

Abstract Coronaviruses have spread widely among humans and other animals, but not all coronaviruses carried by specific animals can directly infect other kinds of animals. Viruses from most animal hosts need an intermediate host before they can spread widely among humans. Under natural conditions, coronaviruses do not rapidly change from infecting wild animals as intermediate hosts and to spreading widely among humans. The intermediate host might be the animals captured or bred for the purpose of cross-breeding with domesticated species for improvement of the breed. These animals differ from wild animals at the environmental and genetic levels. It is an important direction to study the semi-wild animals domesticated by humans in search for intermediate hosts of viruses widely spread among humans.

Experimental Infection and Pathogenesis of Viral Erythrocytic Necrosis (VEN) in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Reno ◽  
Katherine Kleftis ◽  
Stuart W. Sherburne ◽  
Bruce L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Infected Fish

Mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were experimentally infected with viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) by inoculation with washed erythrocytes or ceil-free homogenates of erythrocytes from naturally infected fish. Approximately one third of the animals exposed exhibited active infections. The temporal pattern of infection was similar between naturally infected and experimentally infected fish. One to two months after infection, immature erythrocytes began to show clear evidence of VEN followed by a rapid increase in the proportion of infected immature erythrocytes, frequently reaching 100%. A subsequent dramatic drop in infection of immature erythrocytes occurred, coinciding with an increase of infection in mature erythrocytes. Significant erythroblastosis occurred when the overall erythrocyte infection rate reached approximately 10%, but none of the newly generated erythrocytes appeared infected. The peak infection rate (40–60% of erythrocytes infected) declined slowly and the infection, in most instances, was completely resolved.

Occurrence and distribution of parasites in relation to food components of grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (L.) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes), off the Shetland Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sobecka ◽  
Beata Więcaszek ◽  
Ewa Łuczak ◽  
Artur Antoszek
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Grey Gurnard ◽  
By Catch ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe research was conducted on the parasite fauna and food composition of Eutrigla gurnardus caught as by-catch in commercial catches of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua near the Shetland Islands. Thirteen species and two genera of pathogens were identified, including six species and one genus recorded for the first time in this host. Copepoda — Euphausiacea dominated in the stomach contents (they are also the intermediate hosts for most of the parasites found), while Gadidae dominated among the fish. A checklist of E. gurnardus parasites is included.

Blood Changes in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Infected with Trypanosoma murmanensis

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2185-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Hematological Changes

Blood samples for hematological and parasitological studies were obtained from 30 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) at intervals after infection with Trypanosoma murmanensis via leeches. Hematological procedures included estimation of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and differential white cell count. Tissues were also examined for histological changes. Results from the cod could be divided into two groups. In the first group of 10 cod (16–24 cm), coincident with the rise in parasitemia, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels decreased and the ESR increased following infection. Values did not return to normal levels by 92 days postinfection despite decreasing and somewhat irregular fluctuating parasitemias after 29 days. There was no apparent change in the differential white cell count. Increased hemopoiesis occurred in the kidney and various developmental stages of erythrocytic precursors were noted in peripheral blood. The fish appeared somewhat lethargic. In the second group of 20 cod (26–49 cm), hematological changes observed were slight and there was no evidence of decreased mobility. These results suggest that the blood changes observed in the group of small cod are sufficient to affect them similarly under natural conditions so that they could become more prone to predators, pollutants, or diseases. Key words: blood changes, Atlantic cod, trypanosomes

Variation in the vector competence of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-B. Failloux ◽  
M. Raymond ◽  
A. Ung ◽  
P. Glaziou ◽  
P. M. V. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mosquito Mortality ◽  
Aedes Polynesiensis ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe vector competences of 6 geographic strains of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. Experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of Ae. polynesiensis increased. It was also shown that infection has an important effect on mosquito mortality, and that the mortality rate differed among mosquito strains. In infections using artificial feeders, the mf uptake was closely regulated, thus showing differences in the vectorial efficiency of Ae. polynesiensis related to the geographic origin of the mosquito strain. The mosquitoes from the Society archipelago were more efficient intermediate hosts than geographically distant strains when infected with W. bancrofti from an island within the archipelago (Tahiti). Mosquito strains from the Society archipelago developed the highest proportion of infective-stage larvae and exhibited the lowest mortality rate when infected with sympatric Tahitian W. bancrofti.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of Crested Caracara (Caracara plancus) with Toxoplasma gondii simulating natural conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Vitaliano ◽  
T.W.P. Mineo ◽  
M.R. André ◽  
R.Z. Machado ◽  
J.R. Mineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Natural Conditions

scholarly journals Attempt of Experimental Transmission of Hydatid Infection from Human to Dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Amall Hassen Atia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Hydatid Fluid

An experimental infection of 3 dogs with protoscoleces of human origin were carried out Hydatid cyst was surgical removed from 26 years old female. On autopsy all dogs were found not harbor any Echinococcus granulosus worms Infection with the metacestode stage in unusual intermediate hosts failure for procreation which do not play a role in the transmission cycle in Iraq. In conclusions: the reason could be related between the host and chemical composition of hydatid fluid failure of induces infection

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Household Domestic Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Jacobo Giner ◽  
Sergio Villanueva-Saz ◽  
Ana Pilar Tobajas ◽  
María Dolores Pérez ◽  
Ana González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mustela Putorius Furo

Animal infections with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in different countries and several animal species have been proven to be susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2 both naturally and by experimental infection. Moreover, infections under natural conditions in more than 20 mink farms have been reported where humans could have been the source of infection for minks. However, little information is available about the susceptibility of pet animals under natural conditions and currently there is no SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological assessment occurrence in household ferrets. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was evaluated in serum samples obtained from 127 household ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) in the Province of Valencia (Spain). Two ferrets tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 (1.57%) by in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on receptor binding domain (RBD) of Spike antigen. Furthermore, anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted at detectable levels in a seropositive SARS-CoV-2 domestic ferret beyond 129 days since the first time antibodies were detected. This study reports for the first time the evidence of household pet ferrets exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain to date.

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