Occurrence and distribution of parasites in relation to food components of grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (L.) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes), off the Shetland Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sobecka ◽  
Beata Więcaszek ◽  
Ewa Łuczak ◽  
Artur Antoszek
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Grey Gurnard ◽  
By Catch ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe research was conducted on the parasite fauna and food composition of Eutrigla gurnardus caught as by-catch in commercial catches of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua near the Shetland Islands. Thirteen species and two genera of pathogens were identified, including six species and one genus recorded for the first time in this host. Copepoda — Euphausiacea dominated in the stomach contents (they are also the intermediate hosts for most of the parasites found), while Gadidae dominated among the fish. A checklist of E. gurnardus parasites is included.

Mitigation of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by-catch in the gillnet fishery in the lower Bay of Fundy

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A Trippel ◽  
Michael B Strong ◽  
John M Terhune ◽  
Jeremy D Conway
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Wind Sea

Demersal gill nets equipped with acoustic alarms reduced harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by-catch rates by 77% over those without alarms in the Swallowtail area of the lower Bay of Fundy during field testing in August 1996 (68% reduction) and 1997 (85% reduction) (both years combined, three harbour porpoises in 249 alarmed nets versus 14 harbour porpoises in 267 nonalarmed nets). The alarms spaced 100 m apart along the net floatline produced a 0.3-s pulse at 10-12 kHz every 4 s at a level of 133-145 dB re 1 µPa at 1 m. In conditions of no rain and low wind (Sea State 0-2) the alarms were presumed to be clearly audible to harbour porpoises at ranges of 0.1-0.6 km. Catch rates of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and pollock (Pollachius virens) were not significantly different in alarmed and nonalarmed nets (except in one season when pollock were caught in lower numbers in alarmed nets). Harbour porpoise by-catch and herring movements may be linked. During years of low herring abundance, we also observed low harbour porpoise entanglement rates.

Stomach contents of by-caught striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Dede ◽  
Alp Salman ◽  
Arda M. Tonay
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Striped Dolphin ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
By Catch ◽  
First Time

Stomach contents of six striped dolphins taken as by-catch in the swordfish fishery in the eastern Mediterranean Sea off the Turkish coast were examined. In total, 29 taxa were identified to species or family and 1777 individual food items (1394 bony fishes, 289 cephalopods, 94 crustaceans) were counted.Diaphusspp. andCeratoscopelus maderensiswere the most remarkable ones, as they accounted for 70.45% of the total number of fishes.Onychoteuthis banksii, on the other hand, was the only cephalopod species found in all stomach content analyses and represented 38.06% of the total number of cephalopods. Bony fish species:Myctophum punctatum, Notoscopelus elongatus, Electrona risso, Sudis hyalina,Moridae sp., Phycidae sp., Sternoptychidae sp. and cephalopods:Pterygioteuthis giardiandChtenopteryx siculawere reported the first time in the stomach contents of striped dolphin in the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Effect of Specific Host Body Pigmentation on the Number and Species Composition of the Parasites of Golden Specimen of Cod Gadus Morhua L. From the Svålbard Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 54-55 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Beata Więcaszek ◽  
Ewa Sobecka
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
Body Pigmentation ◽  
First Time

Effect of Specific Host Body Pigmentation on the Number and Species Composition of the Parasites of Golden Specimen of CodGadus MorhuaL. From the Svålbard AreaParasitological examination was carried out on a single specimen of the northeast Atlantic codGadus morhua morhuaL., of the unusual golden pigmentation, described for the first time in literature. It was collected together with commercially caught cod of typical colouration in the Svålbard Bank area. Only few endoparasites were found. The golden cod individual hosted five species of parasites: four species of nematodes (Anisakidae) and one of acanthocephalan (Echinorhynchidae). The species composition of parasites was probably affected by the specific golden skin pigmentation of the host.

Metazoan parasites of cod, Gadus morhua L., in Canadian Atlantic waters

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Appy ◽  
M. D. B. Burt
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enteric Parasites ◽  
The North Atlantic

From July to September 1975, 739+ Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., were collected in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia shelf, and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and were examined for metazoan paraties. Of 49 parasites recorded, 10 were considered more or less specific to cod or related gadid hosts, 9 were considered accidental infections, and the remaining majority of parasites were apparently capable of infecting a wide range of unrelated marine fishes. The general lack of strict host specificity of enteric parasites of northern marine fishes results in a very diverse parasite fauna in fish such as cod which have very broad feeding habits.Metazoan parasites recorded from cod were mostly arctic–boreal transatlantic and amphiboreal species. No species endemic to the northwestern Atlantic were found. However, among all metazoan parasites which are restricted to gadid hosts, there are more endemic species in the North Atlantic, particularly the northwestern Atlantic than present in the North Pacific. This distribution surely reflects the large number of endemic gadid genera and species in the North Atlantic and the probable Atlantic–Arctic origin of the Gadidae.

Diet of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in nearshore waters of the northwest Atlantic during 1990 – 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1805-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lawson ◽  
Garry B. Stenson ◽  
Dave G. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus

The nearshore diet of northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) was determined by reconstructing the contents of 1167 prey-containing stomachs (78.3% of 1490) collected from 1990 to 1993. Although harp seals consumed at least 62 species, 6 accounted for most of the mass consumed and their relative importance varied by area. Based on percent wet mass, sculpins (Cottidae) and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) were the main components of the diet of older seals (> 1 year old) off Labrador, whereas Arctic cod and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) were the main prey of seals from northeastern Newfoundland. A more diverse diet was observed in seals taken off the west coast of Newfoundland, where capelin (Mallotus villosus), herring, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), redfish (Sebastes spp.), and Arctic cod were the main species. Redfish and Atlantic cod were important to seals along the south coast of Newfoundland. Eighty percent of fish consumed were less than 18 cm long, smaller than those taken by commercial fisheries. Pups (less than 1 year old) consumed fewer and smaller prey of a less varied assortment. Annual and seasonal variation in the diets was observed in the collection from northeastern Newfoundland. Arctic cod was the major prey consumed throughout the year by seals of all ages, although the relative importance of herring, capelin, and squid (Teuthoidea) increased during the summer. Invertebrates and capelin made up a greater proportion of the diet in 1992, owing to a decline in consumption of Arctic cod. This finding was associated with a decrease in the mass of stomach contents. Diet diversity did not change significantly over the study period.

Stomach contents of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena (L.), from the Bay of Fundy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2140-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheri A. Recchia ◽  
Andrew J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Total Caloric Intake

We examined contents from stomachs of 127 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) caught in groundfish gill nets in the western Bay of Fundy during June to September, 1985–1987. Relative importance of prey species was assessed using both numerical and caloric measures. Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) was the most important prey species, contributing 80% of the total caloric intake, with some spatial and temporal variation. Silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were also important, but together comprised only 17% of the total caloric intake. No differences were found in relative prey importance between adult porpoises of different reproductive conditions, but lactating females ingested more fish and had a significantly higher total caloric intake than nonlactating females or mature males. The diet of porpoises collected from the same area in 1969–1972 consisted of a higher proportion of pelagic prey species and a lower proportion of demersal species. This may be attributed to differences in capture method, as the earlier sample of porpoises was collected at the surface, while the present animals were captured at depths of 45–100 m.

scholarly journals Correlation between catch method, condition, and diet patterns in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ljungberg ◽  
Maria Ovegård ◽  
Kristin Öhman ◽  
Sara Königson
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract With seal populations increasing significantly in the Baltic Sea, the conflict between seals and fisheries is growing. The most sustainable method for mitigating the seal–fishery conflict is to develop and use seal-safe fishing gear. Although pots have been shown to be a promising alternative to gillnets for catching cod (Gadus morhua), there are indications that cod caught in pots are in poorer condition than those caught in gillnets, potentially making the pots a less-economical alternative. This study investigates whether this difference in condition is consistent over larger spatial scales. Gear-specific cod condition was related to both short-term (determined from stomach contents) and long-term (determined by stable isotope analysis) diet composition. Results indicate that differences in fish condition between gear types are consistent over large areas, possibly due to temporal and spatial differences in feeding strategies. We argue that condition differences between pot- and gillnet-caught cod may be driven by differences in behavioural traits. Consequently, fishing with a certain gear type may have ecological consequences affecting population characteristics, with implications for fisheries management. From the perspective of the seal–fisheries conflict, pots may ultimately have consequences on the catch value of fish.

Predator Stomachs as Sampling Tools for Prey Distribution: Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Capelin (Mallotus villosus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Fahrig ◽  
George R. Lilly ◽  
Daniel S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Distribution ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
Bottom Depth

We demonstrate a direct relationship between the amount of prey (capelin, Mallotus villosus) in its predators' stomachs (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua) and the biomass of the prey in the same localities. The relationship at a local scale implies that predator stomach contents can be used to estimate prey distribution. There is no evidence for either (1) a negative effect of local predator abundance on stomach contents (expected if local prey depletion and/or feeding interference occurs when predator density is high) or (2) a negative effect of the amount of other food in cod stomachs on the amount of capelin in the stomachs (expected if prey switching occurs). There is a negative effect of bottom depth on amount of capelin in cod stomachs as expected, since capelin are pelagic and cod are primarily bottom-dwelling, resulting in less vertical overlap between the species in deep water. This type of analysis may be useful in other predator–prey systems. Simultaneous stomach samples and independent biomass estimates of the prey are required, but once the model is built, it permits estimation of prey distribution in places and times when no direct survey of the prey can be done.

scholarly journals Case study of the diet and parasite fauna of and extremely rare fish species Lumpenus lampraeteformis (Perciformes, Stichaeidae) from the Gulf of Gdañsk (south Baltic Proper)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Beata Więcaszek ◽  
Ewa Sobecka ◽  
Marek Szulc ◽  
Klaudia Górecka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First Time

Abstract The snakeblenny, Lumpenus lampretaeformis, is a post glacial relict from the last ice age in the Baltic Sea. Reliable data on its diet, parasite fauna, distribution, population size, and population trends in the Baltic Sea are lacking. In the Polish zone it has been observed only in ICES subdivisions 25 (Slupsk Furrow) and 26 (Puck Bay, Krynica Morska, Władysławowo and Vistula mouth fishing grounds) at depths of 30-70 m; however, in recent decades only one finding of snakeblenny in Polish waters has been reported. This paper reports the record of one female specimen from the Gulf of Gdañsk. The individual’s morphological characters, stomach contents, parasitic fauna, age and gonadosomatic index were examined. The parasitological examination, which was undertaken for the first time on a specimen from the Baltic Sea since the 1930s, revealed that L. lampretaeformis was the host of one parasite species, namely a juvenile acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus gadi. Additionally, Pontoporeia fermorata and Halicryptus spinulosus were recorded in the stomach of snakeblenny for the first time in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of harp and hooded seals in Greenland waters

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finn O Kapel
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Polar Cod ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
Important Prey

Results of stomach contents analyses of harp and hooded seals collected in West Greenland waters in the period 1986-1993 are reviewed, and compared with published data and circumstantial information from local hunters. The diet of harp seals in this region is variable but consists mainly of pelagic crustaceans (Thysanoessa spp. and Parathemisto libellula) and small fish species like capelin (Mallotus villosus), sandeel (Ammodytes spp.), polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and Arctic cod (Arctogadus glacialis). Species of importance for commercial fisheries in Greenland, such as Northern prawn (Pandalus borealis), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) play a minor role in the diet of harp seals in this area.Variation in the diet of hooded seals is less well documented, but in addition to the species also taken by harp seals, larger demersal fishes like Greenland halibut, redfish (Sebastes spp.), cod, and wolffish (Anarhichas minor) are apparently important prey items.

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