Variation in the vector competence of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti

SUMMARYThe vector competences of 6 geographic strains of Aedes polynesiensis for Wuchereria bancrofti were studied using two types of experimental infections. Experimental infection of laboratory-bred mosquitoes fed on the carriers' forearms with different levels of microfilaraemia showed that microfilariae (mf) uptake was directly proportional to the carrier's mf density and, as mf densities decreased, concentration capacity of Ae. polynesiensis increased. It was also shown that infection has an important effect on mosquito mortality, and that the mortality rate differed among mosquito strains. In infections using artificial feeders, the mf uptake was closely regulated, thus showing differences in the vectorial efficiency of Ae. polynesiensis related to the geographic origin of the mosquito strain. The mosquitoes from the Society archipelago were more efficient intermediate hosts than geographically distant strains when infected with W. bancrofti from an island within the archipelago (Tahiti). Mosquito strains from the Society archipelago developed the highest proportion of infective-stage larvae and exhibited the lowest mortality rate when infected with sympatric Tahitian W. bancrofti.

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Distribution of the cestode Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) in the Palaearctic and new data on its postembryonic development

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x21000249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

Author(s):

S.A. Kornienko ◽

L.A. Ishigenova

Keyword(s):

Host Specificity ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Definitive Host ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Postembryonic Development ◽

Generic Diagnosis ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Very High

Abstract Urocystis prolifer Villot, 1880 is an intestinal parasite of Sorex spp. In the Palaearctic. There are significant differences in the descriptions of both adults and stages of ontogenesis of U. prolifer as described by various authors. The experimental infection of intermediate hosts with cestodes has been conducted. An overview of the geographical distribution, infestation of the definitive hosts and the development of the metacestode stages of U. prolifer are presented. The cestode is characterized by an extensive geographic area in the Palaearctic, wide host specificity and very high rates of infection of its definitive host. Urocystis prolifer has been recorded mostly in the taiga and forest zones of Palaearctic. Fourteen species of Sorex were registered as the definitive host. Redescription of U. prolifer and an amended generic diagnosis are provided. A complete description of the ontogeny from oncosphere to fully developed metacestode is given. Features of development of the metacestode are an asexual larval reproduction, the absence of the anterior and posterior obturator valve in the cyst of the fully developed urocyst, as well as excretory bodies.

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Vector Competence of French Polynesian Aedes aegypti and Aedes polynesiensis for Zika Virus

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0005024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e0005024 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Vaea Richard ◽

Tuterarii Paoaafaite ◽

Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Aedes Polynesiensis

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Site-Specific Lipidomic Signatures of Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp., Chlorophyta) Hold the Potential to Trace Their Geographic Origin

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10030489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisabete da Costa ◽

Fernando Ricardo ◽

Tânia Melo ◽

Renato Mamede ◽

Maria H. Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographical Origin ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Ulva Rigida ◽

Site Specific ◽

Betaine Lipids ◽

Lipid Species ◽

Post Harvesting ◽

The Impact ◽

Phospholipid Species ◽

Different Levels

The wild harvest and aquaculture of Ulva spp. has deserved growing attention in Europe. However, the impact of geographical origin on the biochemical composition of different species and/or strains is yet to be described in detail. Hence, the present study aimed to detect the variability of the lipidome of different species and/or strains of Ulva originating from different geographic locations. We hypothesized that lipidomic signatures can be used to trace the geographic origin post-harvesting of these valuable green seaweeds. Ulva spp. was sampled from eight distinct ecosystems along the Atlantic Iberian coast and Ulva rigida was sourced from an aquaculture farm operating a land-based integrated production site. Results showed significant differences in the lipidomic profile displayed by Ulva spp. originating from different locations, namely, due to different levels of polyunsaturated betaine lipids and galactolipids; saturated betaine lipids and sulfolipids; and some phospholipid species. Overall, a set of 25 site-specific molecular lipid species provide a unique lipidomic signature for authentication and geographic origin certification of Ulva species. Present findings highlight the potential of lipidome plasticity as a proxy to fight fraudulent practices, but also to ensure quality control and prospect biomass for target bioactive compounds.

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Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in mouse and rat

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000066713 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 27-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. C. Ambrose ◽

J. Riley

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Ventral Side ◽

Infective Stage ◽

Granulomatous Lesion ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Epithelioid Cells ◽

Large Numbers

SUMMARYThe development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of rat and mouse intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense eosinophilia. During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the granulomatous lesion, evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid granulomas associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by fibrosis. External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in rats, large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells ( = globule leucocytes) also surround cuticle granulomas, and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. Inflammation slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.

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Temperature thresholds and statistical modelling of larval Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidea: Onchocercidae) developmental rates

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182096008359 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. LARDEUX ◽

J. CHEFFORT

Keyword(s):

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Developmental Rate ◽

Statistical Modelling ◽

Original Method ◽

Frequency Data ◽

Larval Stages ◽

A Value ◽

Temperature Thresholds ◽

Developmental Rates ◽

Aedes Polynesiensis

Developmental rates for Wuchereria bancrofti larvae maturing in the vector Aedes polynesiensis were estimated by analysing stage-frequency data consisting of counts of larval stages in mosquitoes reared at 20, 22·5, 25, 27·5, 30 and 32 °C. Base temperatures (i.e. low temperature thresholds) for W. bancrofti development were estimated by the x-intercept method and the model of Lactin et al. (1995). Resulting values were similar with both methods and were ≈12·5 °C for microfilariae (mf) in thorax, ≈17 °C for L1, 15·5 °C for L2 and 16·5 °C for L3. Upper thresholds estimated by the Lactin et al. model were 29·3 °C for mf, 29·1 °C for L1, 32·2 °C for L2 and 31·5 °C for L3. In addition, an original method was devised for computing the L3 upper threshold, by modelling L3 length shrinkage with temperature. It gave a value of 31·4 °C. At 32 °C, L2 and L3 stages exhibited altered morphology, larvae being shorter and wider than expected. The model of Lactin et al. described adequately the non-linear relationship between developmental rate and temperature, but a linear degree-day approach may be applied for temperatures below 27–28 °C.

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Ultrastructure of the Anterior Alimentary Tract of Infective-Stage Wuchereria bancrofti (Nematoda: Filarioidea)

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3279500 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 775 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Albert L. Vincent ◽

Stephen P. Frommes ◽

Joseph K. Portaro ◽

Lawrence R. Ash

Keyword(s):

Alimentary Tract ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Infective Stage

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Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes polynesiensis Marks (Diptera: Culicidae) in Moorea, French Polynesia: A Study of Adult Population Structures and Pathogen (Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis) Infection Rates to Indicate Regional and Seasonal Epidemiological Risk for Dengue and Filariasis

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[1045:aalaap]2.0.co;2 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1045-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard C. Russell ◽

Cameron E. Webb ◽

Neil Davies

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

French Polynesia ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Population Structures ◽

Aedes Polynesiensis

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Experimental Infection of Southern California Mosquitoes with Wuchereria bancrofti

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3272542 ◽

1945 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oliver K. Scott ◽

Charles S. Richards ◽

Elwood A. Seaman

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Southern California ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti

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STRESS TOLERANCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CRONOBACTER SPP. ISOLATED FROM POWDERED INFANT FORMULA RETAILED IN NIGERIA

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i6.2021.3989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 190-202

Author(s):

Ezeh Abimbola R ◽

Smith Stella I. ◽

Aboaba Olusimbo O

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Zero Tolerance ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Powdered Infant Formula ◽

Infant Formulae ◽

Neonates And Infants ◽

Different Levels

., is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen that causes infections such as , meningitis and in neonates and infants, and can sometimes lead to death. There is zero tolerance for the presence of . all powdered infant formulae because of the high mortality rate (80%) associated with . . Three . (CS14, CS17 and CS124) isolated from PIF retailed in Nigeria were exposed to different levels of stress (pH, osmotic, oxidative, heat, bile and desiccation). The production ability of the isolates was investigated and the susceptibility of the isolates to different antibiotics was carried out using the MIC panel. Variation in stress response was observed in the isolates with no consistent pattern. The CS 17 ( ) and CS 124 ( ) showed the highest tolerance to stress on the average. All the isolates exhibited the ability to produce ranging from 1.30 – 2.0 and were also sensitive to more than 95% of the antibiotics used in the MIC panel, with no resistance to any.

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