A Technique for Prolonged Blood Sampling in Free-Swimming Salmon

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynwood S. Smith ◽  
Gordon R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Dorsal Aorta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Cannulation Technique

A technique is described for insertion of a cannula in the dorsal aorta of salmon for long-term blood sampling or vascular injection while the fish is confined, but free-swimming. Previous methods for single injections into the dorsal aorta are improved by a modified cannulation technique. The practicality of the technique was tested by introducing Evans Blue (T-1824) into the dorsal aorta of immature pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in sea water and mature sockeye salmon (O. nerka) in fresh water to make preliminary estimates of blood volumes. It was shown that the technique can also be applied to angiography of salmon.

Early marine growth of juvenile Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye salmon abundance

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skip McKinnell ◽  
Maxine Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Average Survival

Mortality of salmon in the ocean is considered to be greatest during the first few months and that its magnitude is an inverse of growth. First year marine growth (M1) in two Fraser River sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) populations was positively correlated, reflecting a shared oceanic experience as postsmolts. M1 declined abruptly in both populations after 1977, corresponding to a well-documented change in climate. The reduction in average M1 was not accompanied by a detectable reduction in average survival. In both populations, M1 was significantly greater in even years when juvenile pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) are abundant in the Strait of Georgia, suggesting that interspecific competition there has little effect on M1. All correlations of M1 with regional pink salmon or sockeye salmon abundances, lagged to align ocean entry years, were negative, but few (pink) or none (sockeye) were statistically significant. The negative correlations were due to the long-term changes (pink salmon abundance increasing, sockeye M1 smaller). Odd year dominance of juvenile pink salmon in northern British Columbia, Canada, is persistent and corresponds with the biennial pattern of M1 variation in Fraser River sockeye salmon and may be the source of the significant odd–even year line effect on M1.

Transplantation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) into Masset inlet, British Columbia, in the Barren Years

1938 ◽  
Vol 4a (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
River Fishery

In 1931, 1933, 1935, odd-numbered years, when no natural runs of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) occur in the Masset area, British Columbia, transfers of eggs were made from the Tlell river on the east coast of Graham island to McClinton creek, a tributary of Masset inlet. The following free-swimming fry were released: from the 1931 experiment—753,646 normal and 124,002 "marked" by the removal of the adipose and left ventral fins, and from that of 1935—397,657 normal and 108,200 "marked" by the removal of the adipose and right ventral fins. From the former, 40 "marked" adults were recovered in the Fraser river fishery in 1933, and from the latter four "marked" adults at McClinton creek in 1937. In the 1933 experiment 540,294 eyed eggs were planted but these were destroyed by freshets the following winter. Possible reasons for the failure of these experiments and the absolute blank in the "off" years are suggested.

Temperature effects on swimming performance, energetics, and aerobic capacities of mature adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) compared with those of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan J MacNutt ◽  
Scott G Hinch ◽  
Chris G Lee ◽  
James R Phibbs ◽  
Andrew G Lotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Thermal Dependence ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

We assessed the prolonged swimming performance (Ucrit), metabolic rate (M-dotO2-min and M-dotO2-max), and oxygen cost of transport (COT) for upper Fraser River pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792); 53.5 ± 0.7 cm FL) and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792); 59.3 ± 0.8 cm FL) across a range of naturally occurring river temperatures using large Brett-type swim tunnel respirometers. Pink salmon were capable of similar relative critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) as sockeye salmon (2.25 FL·s–1), but sockeye salmon swam to a higher absolute Ucrit (125.9 cm·s–1) than pink salmon (116.4 cm·s–1) because of their larger size. Nevertheless, three individual pink salmon (Ucrit-max = 173.6 cm·s–1) swam faster than any sockeye salmon (Ucrit-max = 157.0 cm·s–1), indicating that pink salmon are far better swimmers than has been previously assumed. Metabolic rate increased exponentially with swimming speed in both species and was highest for pink salmon, but swimming efficiency (i.e., COT) did not differ between species at their optimal swimming speeds. The upper and lower limits of metabolism did not differ between species and both M-dotO2-min and M-dotO2-max increased exponentially with temperature, but aerobic costs of transport were independent of temperature in both species. Strong thermal dependence of both swimming performance and COT were expected but not demonstrated in either species. Overall, a higher degree of inter-individual variability in pink salmon swim performance and capacity suggests that this species might not be as locally adapted to particular river migration conditions as are sockeye salmon.

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migratory energetics: response to migratory difficulty and comparisons with sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1986-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Crossin ◽  
S G Hinch ◽  
A P Farrell ◽  
M P Whelly ◽  
M C Healey
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) are generally considered weak upriver migrants relative to sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), though this assertion is largely anecdotal. To assess energy-use patterns during migration, we collected pink salmon from two major Fraser River stocks (Weaver and Seton in British Columbia, Canada) in 1999 at three times and locations: (1) at the start of freshwater migration, (2) at the end of migration before spawning, and (3) immediately after spawning. We calculated the energy content of somatic and reproductive tissues, recorded several body measurements, and conducted both intraspecific (between pink stocks) and interspecific analyses with co-migrating Fraser River sockeye salmon collected during the same season. We found that between pink salmon stocks, there were no significant energetic or morphological differences either at river entry or upon arrival at spawning areas regardless of the level of migratory difficulty encountered. When compared with sockeye salmon, however, we found that pink salmon began upriver migration with significantly smaller somatic energy reserves but made up for this deficiency by minimizing absolute transport and activity costs, presumably by seeking out migratory paths of least resistance. This energetic efficiency comes at a cost to reproductive output: relative to sockeye salmon, pink salmon diverted less absolute energy to egg production, producing smaller ovaries and fewer eggs. We speculate that fundamental differences in behaviour shape the migratory energetic tactics employed by pink salmon.

Environmentally Induced Precocious Sexual Development in the Male Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2602-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin N. MacKinnon ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Precocious Development

Nine males within a group of approximately 200 pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) reared in heated sea water became sexually mature in October of the year of hatching. These mature males (average weight = 119.44 g; average length = 19.8 cm) were larger than the immature males (average weight = 92.22 g; average length = 18.9 cm but not significantly so. This is the first record of precocious development in pink salmon other than as a result of the use of exogenous gonadotropin.

scholarly journals Principles Affecting the Size of Pink and Chum Salmon Populations in British Columbia

1953 ◽  
Vol 9a (9) ◽  
pp. 450-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferris Neave
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha

In pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) the survival during the freshwater phases of the life-cycle has been found to vary from about 1 to 24 per cent of available eggs. Natural survival during marine existence is considered to average about 5 per cent. In the central region of the British Columbia coast the annual catch averages about 60 per cent of the adult fish. Populations maturing in "even" and "odd" years vary in size independently. Fluctuations in level of stock originate mainly in fresh water.Population levels and changes are determined by the combined effects of three types of mortality: (a) mortality which becomes relatively heavier as populations increase in density (compensatory); (b) mortality which becomes relatively heavier as populations decrease in density (depensatory); (c) mortality which is independent of density (extrapensatory). Compensatory mortality is especially identified with the, period of spawning and incubation. Depensatory mortality is considered to occur mainly during the period of fry migration and to be due to predation. Extrapensatory mortality may occur at any stage; it is most variable during the period between entrance of the adults into fresh water and emergence of the free-swimming fry.Populations of chum salmon (O. keta) are controlled by similar influences. Effects are modified by higher egg-production and a less rigid life-span than in the pink salmon.

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