In Vitro Cultivation of Cells of the Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Li ◽  
James E. Stewart ◽  
R. E. Drinnan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Mammalian Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures

Cardiac tissue cells from oysters (Crassostrea virginica), cultured in a salt-enriched medium, apparently required a higher salt concentration for initiation of cell proliferation than that used for mammalian tissue cultures. The presence of human serum and bovine amniotic fluid enhanced the cell proliferation. Evidence of amitosis was observed in the cultured cells.

scholarly journals Actions and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone Agonists

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V Schally ◽  
Xianyang Zhang ◽  
Renzhi Cai ◽  
Joshua M Hare ◽  
Riccarda Granata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Human Cancer Cells

Abstract In this article, we briefly review the identification of GHRH, provide an abridged overview of GHRH antagonists, and focus on studies with GHRH agonists. Potent GHRH agonists of JI and MR class were synthesized and evaluated biologically. Besides the induction of the release of pituitary GH, GHRH analogs promote cell proliferation and exert stimulatory effects on various tissues, which express GHRH receptors (GHRH-Rs). A large body of work shows that GHRH agonists, such as MR-409, improve pancreatic β-cell proliferation and metabolic functions and facilitate engraftment of islets after transplantation in rodents. Accordingly, GHRH agonists offer a new therapeutic approach to treating diabetes. Various studies demonstrate that GHRH agonists promote repair of cardiac tissue, producing improvement of ejection fraction and reduction of infarct size in rats, reduction of infarct scar in swine, and attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in mice, suggesting clinical applications. The presence of GHRH-Rs in ocular tissues and neuroprotective effects of GHRH analogs in experimental diabetic retinopathy indicates their possible therapeutic applications for eye diseases. Other effects of GHRH agonists, include acceleration of wound healing, activation of immune cells, and action on the central nervous system. As GHRH might function as a growth factor, we examined effects of GHRH agonists on tumors. In vitro, GHRH agonists stimulate growth of human cancer cells and upregulate GHRH-Rs. However, in vivo, GHRH agonists inhibit growth of human cancers xenografted into nude mice and downregulate pituitary and tumoral GHRH-Rs. Therapeutic applications of GHRH analogs are discussed. The development of GHRH analogs should lead to their clinical use.

Inducing Proliferation of Human Amniotic Epithelial (HAE) Cells for Cell Therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Terada ◽  
Keiko Matsuura ◽  
Shin Enosawa ◽  
Masao Miki ◽  
Akinori Hoshika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Mother And Child

Probably because amnion is derived from the fetus and is exposed to the maternal immune system, human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells do not express the HLA-A, -B, -C, or -DR antigens on their surfaces, suggesting that HAE cells do not induce rejection (immune reaction) after allotransplantation. And the amnion, like the placenta, is useless to the mother and child after birth. Therefore, HAE cells or tissues were expected to be suitable for allotransplantation. Because HAE cells produce large amounts of enzymes, amnion transplantation has been carried out in order to correct inborn errors of metabolism by supplementing lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. However, several problems remain before amnion allotransplantation can be accepted as effective. The HAE cell population is limited, because the maximum number of HAE cells obtainable from one donor is about 2 × 108 cells, and HAE cells proliferate poorly in in vitro culture. In this study, we aimed at increasing the HAE cell population in vitro. First, we investigated the effect of several cytokines on HAE cell proliferation and found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-β stimulated it, whereas IL-6 and LIF inhibited it. Second, we investigated the effects of amniotic fluid on HAE cell proliferation and observed that IL-6 in amniotic fluid inhibits it. Then, to inhibit the dying of cells, we attempted to inhibit apoptosis (one mode of cell death). Treatment with caspase III inhibitor increased the cell viability of HAE cells by 20%.

COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON NORMAL AND ON POLIOMYELITIS INFECTED TISSUE CULTURES: I. OBSERVATIONS ON SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MIXTURES INCUBATEDWITH TISSUE CULTURES OF NORMAL KIDNEY

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Behavior

Illustrative examples are given of change in turbidity values of complete and incomplete media used for in vitro cultivation of rhesus monkey kidney tissue. Pools of routine material were examined. The main interest was focused on enzymes directly or indirectly connected with nucleic acid metabolism. The presence and behavior of acid and alkaline monoesterases, 5-nucleotidase, simple nucleotidases, two different types of ribonuclease, and two desoxyribonucleases are described and activity of other enzymes occasionally demonstrated. As a working hypothesis, the bearing of these findings on cell physiology and on pathology of poliomyelitis virus infection is discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cell Proliferation Assay Method Using Rat Gastric Cultured Cells and Effect of Anti-ulcer Drugs on the Proliferation of Cultured Cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji IMAI ◽  
Reiko UKAI ◽  
Kazuhiro ISHIKAWA ◽  
Hiromoto AOKI ◽  
Tetsuo KATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Proliferation Assay ◽  
Cell Proliferation Assay

scholarly journals THE NEUTRALIZATION OR DESTRUCTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN BY TISSUE

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustus Wadsworth ◽  
Ella N. Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Embryo Extract

As determined by the intracutaneous test in guinea pigs, diphtheria toxin is not altered in the presence of cardiac tissue obtained from the fetal or from the adult heart of the guinea pig. Tissue cultures were apparently uninjured by the presence of the toxin in the dilutions used in these experiments, and, when washed with embryo extract after removal of the diluted toxin, continued to grow. Embryonic guinea pig cardiac muscle tissue growing in cultures in vitro possesses the power of neutralizing, binding, or destroying diphtheria toxin so that it is no longer toxic for normal guinea pigs. Such neutralization takes place through the intervention of growing tissue and is a property which is lacking in similar surviving tissue not in a state of cultivation. Thus, it appears that the living, growing cells of the tissues neutralize or destroy limited quantities of toxin; only when the quantity of toxin exceeds a certain limit is its action injurious.

Human ?-fetoprotein purified from amniotic fluid enhances growth factor-mediated cell proliferation in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooks A. Keel ◽  
Kevan B. Eddy ◽  
Sechin Cho ◽  
Jeffrey V. May
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

scholarly journals Differential regulation of the retinoblastoma family of proteins during cell proliferation and differentiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 333 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit GARRIGA ◽  
Ana LIMÓN ◽  
Xavier MAYOL ◽  
Sushil G. RANE ◽  
Jeffrey H. ALBRECHT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Pocket Protein ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

In the present study we have analysed the regulation of pocket protein expression and post-transcriptional modifications on cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. There are marked changes in pocket protein levels during these transitions, the most striking differences being observed between p130 and p107. The mechanisms responsible for regulating pocket protein levels seem to be dependent on both cell type and pocket protein, in addition to their dependence on the cell growth status. Changes in retinoblastoma protein and p107 levels are independent of their state of phosphorylation. However, whereas p130 phosphorylation to forms characteristic of quiescent/differentiated cells results in the accumulation of p130 protein, phosphorylation of p130 to one or more forms characteristic of cycling cells is accompanied by down-regulation of its protein levels. We also show here that the phosphorylation status and protein levels of p130 and p107 are regulated in vivo as in cultured cells. In vivo, changes in p130 forms are correlated with changes in E2F complexes. Moreover, the modulation of p130 and p107 status during cell differentiation in vitro is consistent with the patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation status found in mouse tissues. Thus in addition to the direct disruption of pocket protein/E2F complexes induced by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase, the results we report here indicate that the differential modulation of pocket protein levels constitutes a major mechanism that regulates the pool of each pocket protein that is accessible to E2F and/or other transcription factors.

scholarly journals Disulfram/Copper Complex May Enhance Its Cytotoxic Effect on CD34+CD38- KG1-Alpha Cells By Down Regulating the Expression of HIF1-Alpha in the Co-Cultured MSCs

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 5143-5143
Author(s):  
Guo Xutao ◽  
Haiqing Zheng ◽  
Shi Pengcheng ◽  
Wang Yan ◽  
Liang Jiabao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Counting

Abstract Backgroud We had reported that Disulfram/copper complex (DS/ Cu) had a potent and selective anti-leukemia property in vitro against leukemia stem-like cells (e.g., CD34+/CD38- KG1α and Kasumi-1 cells and primary CD34+ cells isolated from AML patients) as well as was highly effective in vivo in CD34+/CD38- leukemic cell-derived xenograft mouse models. Here, we report the in vitro activity of DS/Cu against CD34+/CD38- leukemia stem-like cells sorted from KG1α AML cell line by affecting the co-cultured AML bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Methods KG1α cells were cultured and stained with hCD34-APC, hCD38- PE, and hCD123-PE-Cy7 to determine the percentage of cells expressing CD34, CD38, and CD123. To isolate CD38- cells, CD38 microbeads were used for the depletion of CD38+ cells. First, we examined the cytotoxic effect of DS/Cu on CD34+CD38- KG1α cells and MSCs using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and monitor expression of HIF-1α expression by western blot. Next, the sorted CD34+CD38- KG1α cells were co-cultured with primary AML bone marrow MSCs isolated from a de novo AML patient in the hypoxic condition induced by Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) for 24 hr. The co-cultured cells were treated with DS/CU with/without YC1(HIF-1α inhibitor)、IDA(idarubicin) and then separated. CCK8 assay, fow cytometry were used to determine the cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Finally, we used western bolting to explore the underlying mechanism of the cytotoxicity of DS/CU in the AML cells and the sensitizated effect in AML MSCs. Results First, we examined the cytotoxic effect of DS/Cu on CD34+CD38- KG1α cells and MSCs using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). As shown in Figure 1, DS/Cu (DS 1umol/L,Cu 0.5umol/l) administrated alone was unable to induce apoptosis in MSCs (P>0.05 vs untreated control; see below Figure 1). However, DS in combination with 0.5 μM Cu for 24 hrs resulted in signifcantly increased apoptosis in CD34+CD38- KG1α cells.( P<0.001 vs untreated control; see Figure 1) .The co-cultured cells were treated with DS/CU、IDA with/without YC1 and then separated. CCK8 assay, fow cytometry were used to determine the cell apoptosis, respectively. Treatment with DS/CU resulted in signifcantly increased apoptosis in the co-cultured CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells (Figure 2; P<0.05, DS/Cu vs either untreated control). Comparable phenomena were observed in co-cultured CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells treated with idarubicin. However, while treatment with YC1 and DS/CU had no signifcant effect on cell apoptosis (P>0.05 vs untreated control). Taken together, these results indicated that DS/CU was active against co-cultured CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells and the effect can be reversed by HIF1-α inhibitor(see Figure 2).We examined the cytotoxic effect of DS/Cu on CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells in different culture systems using the CCK-8. As shown in Figure 4, while treatment with DS/CU had significant inhibited proliferation on cell proliferation of the co-cultured CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells (P<0.05 vs un-co-cultured control). However, while treatment with DS/CU and CoCl2 (HIF-1α promoter) had no signifcant effect on cell proliferation of the co-cultured CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells (P>0.05 vs un-co-cultured control,see Figure 3).CD34+CD38- KG1α cells and MSCs separated from the co-cultured system were treated with DS/CU with/without YC1 and Cocl2, followed by Western blot analysis to monitor expression of HIF-1α. As shown at the figure 4, the expressions of HIF-1α and SDF-1α between the two cells were clearly down-regulated treated with DS/CU alone. And the expressions of HIF-1α and SDF-1α were up-regulated treated with DS/CU and CoCl2. However, when co-treated with YC1, the down-regulation of HIF-1α was reverse. DS/Cu down redulated the expressions of HIF1-α、SDF1-α、CXCR4 and VLA4 in the co-cultured CD34+CD38- KG1α cells and these effect could be reserved by HIF1-α inhibitor.Conclusion DS/Cu preferentially induces apoptosis of CD34+CD38- KG1α cells, but not MSCs. DS/Cu exhibited cytotoxicity in CD34+/CD38- KG1α cells, and MSCs enhances this effect. The mechanism may be related to the HIF1α/SDF1/CXCR4 and VLA4 pathway. DS/CU may enhance its inhibitory effect on CD34+CD38- KG1α cells by down regulating the expression of HIF1-α in MSCS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

CHROMOSOME STABILITY IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) TISSUE CULTURES AND SECTORING IN SOME REGENERATED PLANTS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Cytogenetic stability of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures was assessed by meiotic analysis of plants regenerated from 4- and 8-month-old tissue cultures and by mitotic analysis of cultured cells 4 and 8 months after culture initiation. Cultures initiated from four embryos each of W22 R-nj R-nj × A188 and A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj were examined. After four months in culture, only one of 65 regenerated plants was abnormal; after eight months, only four of 59 regenerated plants were abnormal. Three of the five abnormal plants had normal and cytogenetically abnormal sectors in the tassels. Inheritance studies were conducted on 51 regenerated plants. Eight plants segregated in the S1 for recessive mutations resulting in defective kernels, and one plant segregated for a recessive mutation resulting in a wilted phenotype. Eight different plants that produced normal S1 progeny segregated for defective kernel mutations in some S1 families, indicating a lack of concordance between male and female reproductive cells in the original regenerated plant. The cytogenetic stability observed in regenerated plants also was observed in vitro, indicating that selection at the time of regeneration did not occur. Four hundred and thirty-four (97%) of the 449 cells analyzed in 4-month-old cultures had the normal 20-chromosome complement; 377 (95%) of the 398 cells analyzed in 8-month-old cultures were normal. These results indicate that chromosome stability is maintained in tissue cultures of A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj maize.

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