Nitrogen Fixation and the Utilization of Other Inorganic Nitrogen Sources in a Subarctic Lake

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2101-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera A. Billaud
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Tracer Methods ◽  
Subarctic Lake

A year-round limnological study of the biological utilization of molecular nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate in Smith Lake, a small subarctic lake in interior Alaska, showed that ammonia was consistently the most important nitrogen source. Of the two main algal production periods, the first took place under the ice in May, and depended on ammonia accumulated during the winter for a nitrogen source. The population at this time consisted largely of microflagellates. Chlamydomonas, Euglena, Chlorella, and Mellamonas were among the identified algae present. Immediately after the ice melted from the lake surface, a second population developed. These algae, consisting almost exclusively of Anabaena flos-aquae, used ammonia, nitrate, and molecular nitrogen simultaneously. During the remainder of the summer, uptake rates remained relatively low, with ammonia the most important nitrogen source; during the fall, nitrate uptake briefly approached the magnitude of ammonia uptake. 15N tracer methods were used to measure the uptake rates in this work.

scholarly journals Prevalent pH Controls the Capacity of Galdieria Maxima to Use Ammonia and Nitrate as a Nitrogen Source

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iovinella ◽  
DA. Carbone ◽  
D. Cioppa ◽  
S.J. Davis ◽  
M. Innangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Term Response

ABSTRACTGaldieria maxima is a polyextremophilic alga capable of diverse metabolic processes. Ammonia is widely used in culture media typical of laboratory growth. Recent reports that this species can grow on wastes promote the concept that G. maxima might have biotechnological utility. Accordingly, there is a need to know the range of pH levels that can support G. maxima growth in a given nitrogen source. Here, we examined the combined effect of pH and nitrate/ammonium source on the growth and long-term response of the photochemical process to a pH gradient in different G. maxima strains. All were able to use differing nitrogen sources, despite both the growth rate and photochemical activity were significantly affected by the combination with the pH. All strains acidified the NH4+-medium (pH<3); only G. maxima IPPAS P507 showed reduced capacity in lowering the pH from 6.5. pH was a limiting factor in nitrate uptake at pH≥6.5; noteworthy, at pH 5 on nitrate G. maxima ACUF551 showed a good growth performance, despite the alkalization of the medium.

Growth, nutrition, and proteolytic activity of the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Abraham ◽  
A. Roth ◽  
J. N. Saddler ◽  
C. Breuil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae

The sap-staining ascomycete Ophiostoma piceae strain 387N used ammonium, but not nitrate, as an inorganic nitrogen source. Organic nitrogen sources assimilated included bovine serum albumin, collagen, acid-hydrolyzed casein, urea, and various amino acids. Sucrose, glucose, maltose, raffinose, and soluble starch were suitable carbon sources. The optimum temperature for growth was near 23 °C, with an upper limit at 35 °C and minimal growth at 4 °C after 3 days. An initial pH of 6.1 yielded the greatest biomass. Proteolytic activity was greatest in cultures supplemented with protein as the nitrogen source, but some activity was detected in cultures with no assimilable source of nitrogen. Proteinases were detected throughout growth in protein-supplemented liquid media, and they appeared to hydrolyze azocoll, with optimal activity at pH 8. Isoelectric focusing gels of culture filtrates, obtained after fungal growth on protein supplemented media, showed a major proteolytic band focusing at pH 5.2. Key words: staining fungi, Ophiostoma, nutrition, biomass, proteinases.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Metabolism of an Anoxygenic Filamentous Phototrophic Bacterium Oscillocholris trichoides Strain DG-6

Microbiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
R. N. Ivanovsky ◽  
N. V. Lebedeva ◽  
O. I. Keppen ◽  
T. P. Tourova
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Expression Product ◽  
Typical Strain

Abstract— The possible nitrogen sources for Osc. trichoides DG6, a typical strain of the Oscillochloridaceae family, are ammonium, N2, glutamate, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine. The assimilation of molecular nitrogen occurs with the participation of nitrogenase, the structural gene of which, nifH, is located in the gene cluster which also includes the genes of the nifD and nifK nitrogenase subunits and the auxiliary nifB gene. Considering that nifHBDK clusters have been also annotated in the genomes of other members of the Oscillochloridaceae family, including uncultured and candidate taxa, it can be assumed that the ability to fix nitrogen is a property immanent for this entire family. The pathways for assimilating ammonium in the cells grown using different nitrogen sources may differ. Osc. trichoides DG6 growing in a medium containing ammonium assimilated it with the participation of glutamate dehydrogenase, which is determined by a single gene. The expression product of this gene has dual functionality and can be used to implement the reaction with both NAD and NADP. With the growth of Osc. trichoides DG6 on a medium with glutamate as the only nitrogen source all the enzymes necessary for the implementation of the GS‑GOGAT pathway were found in the cells. However, for the glutamine synthetase reaction, ammonium, which was absent in the growth medium, was required. The source of ammonium may be glutamate metabolized through glutamate dehydrogenase.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of inulinase from strain Bacillus sp. SG113

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Simeon Gavrailov ◽  
Viara Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The effects of the carbon and nitrogen substrates on the growth of Bacillus sp. SG113 strain were studied. The use of organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, casein) leads to rapid cellular growth and the best results for the Bacillus strain were obtained with casein hydrolysate. From the inorganic nitrogen sources studied, the (NH4) 2SO4 proved to be the best nitrogen source. Casein hydrolysate and (NH4) 2SO4 stimulated the invertase synthesis. In the presence of Jerusalem artichoke, onion and garlic extracts as carbon sources the strain synthesized from 6 to 10 times more inulinase.

scholarly journals Solid-state fermentation for production of Pectic enzymes by Aspergillus niger

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mirza M.V. Baig ◽  
Aniruddha Ratnakar Apastambh
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Pectic Enzymes

The production of Pectic enzymes by Aspergillus niger was studied under solid state fermentation (SSF). The effect of fermentation condition such as substrate concentration, inoculum volume, incubation time, moistening agent, inducers and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources was studied for enzyme production. Culture conditions were optimized for maximal yield of enzyme. The solid substrate wheat bran was most suitable for pectic enzyme production under SSF. Enzyme production was found maximum after 10 days of incubation. Lactose was found to be most effective as inducer. Gelatin as organic nitrogen source and ammonium nitrate as inorganic nitrogen source yielded high enzyme titres.

scholarly journals Prevalent pH Controls the Capacity of Galdieria maxima to Use Ammonia and Nitrate as a Nitrogen Source

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Iovinella ◽  
Dora Allegra Carbone ◽  
Diana Cioppa ◽  
Seth J Davis ◽  
Michele Innangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Term Response

Galdieria maxima is a polyextremophilic alga capable of diverse metabolic processes. Ammonia is widely used in culture media typical of laboratory growth. Recent reports that this species can grow on wastes promote the concept that G. maxima might have biotechnological utility. Accordingly, there is a need to know the range of pH levels that can support G. maxima growth in a given nitrogen source. Here, we examined the combined effect of pH and nitrate/ammonium source on the growth and long-term response of the photochemical process to a pH gradient in different G. maxima strains. All were able to use differing nitrogen sources, despite both the growth rate and photochemical activity were significantly affected by the combination with the pH. All strains acidified the NH4+-medium (pH&lt;3); only G. maxima IPPAS P507 showed reduced capacity in lowering the pH from 6.5. pH was a limiting factor in nitrate uptake at pH&ge;6.5; noteworthy, at pH 5 on nitrate G. maxima ACUF551 showed a good growth performance, despite the alkalization of the medium.

Long-term Comparison of the Agronomic Efficiency and Residual Benefits of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Tropical Lowland Rice

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Cassman ◽  
S. K. de Datta ◽  
S. T. Amarante ◽  
S. P. Liboon ◽  
M. I. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Prilled Urea

SUMMARYNitrogen efficiency from Azolla microphylla or Sesbania rostrata green manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizer-N was compared in two long-term experiments with irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Treatments included a control and each nitrogen source alone or in combinations that provided 50% of the total applied nitrogen from an organic and inorganic nitrogen source. All nitrogen sources were applied at equivalent nitrogen rates to 19–22 consecutive rice crops. Residual effects were assessed in two subsequent cropping seasons at one site. Lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency (Δgrain per kg total applied nitrogen), and apparent nitrogen uptake were obtained from green manure and rice straw nitrogen as sole or dual nitrogen sources rather than from a standard split application of prilled urea. Compared to prilled urea, residual effects from green manure or rice straw included a significant increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, and greater extractable soil nitrogen in the vegetative growth period. After panicle initiation there was no residual effect on the rate of crop nitrogen accumulation, and final grain yields were similar regardless of previous nitrogen source. Recycling of rice straw appeared to have greater potential for reducing fertilizer-N requirements than use of green manure because rice straw is often a wasted resource in irrigated rice systems of the humid tropics, the efficiency of rice straw nitrogen in combination with prilled urea is comparable to green manure nitrogen, and the increase in soil nitrogen from rice straw was 50–150% greater than from green manure.

Ammonium supply induces differential metabolic adaptative responses in tomato according to leaf phenological stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Théo Poucet ◽  
María Begoña González-Moro ◽  
Cécile Cabasson ◽  
Bertrand Beauvoit ◽  
Yves Gibon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Ammonium Nutrition

Abstract Nitrate (NO3  -) and ammonium (NH4  +) are the main inorganic nitrogen sources available to plants. However, exclusive ammonium nutrition may lead to a stress situation characterized by growth inhibition, generally associated with a profound metabolic reprogramming. In this work, we aimed at studying how the metabolism adapts according to leaf position in the vertical axis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82) plants grown with NH4  +, NO3  - or NH4NO3 supply. To do so, we dissected leaf biomass composition and metabolism through an integrative analysis of metabolites, ions and enzyme activities. Under ammonium nutrition, carbon and nitrogen metabolism was more perturbed in mature leaves than in young ones, overall suggesting a trade-off between NH4  + accumulation and assimilation to preserve young leaves from ammonium stress. Moreover, NH4  +-fed plants exhibited a rearrangement of carbon partitioning, accumulating sugars and starch at the expense of organic acids, with respect to plants supplied with NO3  -. We explain such reallocation by the action of the biochemical pH-stat to compensate the differential proton production that depends on the nitrogen source provided. This work also underlines that the regulation of leaf primary metabolism is dependent on both the leaf phenological stage and the nitrogen source provided.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on Transcription of Soluble Methyltransferases in Methanosarcina mazei Strain Gö1

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (17) ◽  
pp. 6147-6154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Veit ◽  
Claudia Ehlers ◽  
Ruth A. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Methanosarcina Mazei ◽  
Or Genes

ABSTRACT The methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 uses versatile carbon sources and is able to fix molecular nitrogen with methanol as carbon and energy sources. Here, we demonstrate that when growing on trimethylamine (TMA), nitrogen fixation does not occur, indicating that ammonium released during TMA degradation is sufficient to serve as a nitrogen source and represses nif gene induction. We further report on the transcriptional regulation of soluble methyltransferases, which catalyze the initial step of methylamine consumption by methanogenesis, in response to different carbon and nitrogen sources. Unexpectedly, we obtained conclusive evidence that transcription of the mtmB2C2 operon, encoding a monomethylamine (MMA) methyltransferase and its corresponding corrinoid protein, is highly increased under nitrogen limitation when methanol serves as a carbon source. In contrast, transcription of the homologous mtmB1C1 operon is not affected by the nitrogen source but appears to be increased when TMA is the sole carbon and energy source. In general, transcription of operons encoding dimethylamine (DMA) and TMA methyltransferases and methylcobalamine:coenzyme M methyltransferases is not regulated in response to the nitrogen source. However, in all cases transcription of one of the homologous operons or genes is increased by TMA or its degradation products DMA and MMA.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Source on Growth and Trichloroethylene Degradation by Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3451-3457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kung-Hui Chu ◽  
Lisa Alvarez-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Chemostat Culture ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Tce Degradation

ABSTRACT The effect of nitrogen source on methane-oxidizing bacteria with respect to cellular growth and trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation ability were examined. One mixed chemostat culture and two pure type II methane-oxidizing strains, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and strain CAC-2, which was isolated from the chemostat culture, were used in this study. All cultures were able to grow with each of three different nitrogen sources: ammonia, nitrate, and molecular nitrogen. Both M. trichosporium OB3b and strain CAC-2 showed slightly lower net cellular growth rates and cell yields but exhibited higher methane uptake rates, levels of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production, and naphthalene oxidation rates when grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions. The TCE-degrading ability of each culture was measured in terms of initial TCE oxidation rates and TCE transformation capacities (mass of TCE degraded/biomass inactivated), measured both with and without external energy sources. Higher initial TCE oxidation rates and TCE transformation capacities were observed in nitrogen-fixing mixed, M. trichosporium OB3b, and CAC-2 cultures than in nitrate- or ammonia-supplied cells. TCE transformation capacities were found to correlate with cellular PHB content in all three cultures. The results of this study suggest that the nitrogen-fixing capabilities of methane-oxidizing bacteria can be used to select for high-activity TCE degraders for the enhancement of bioremediation in fixed-nitrogen-limited environments.

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