Laser 3D Printing of Inorganic Free-Form Micro-Optics

A pilot study on laser 3D printing of inorganic free-form micro-optics is experimentally validated. Ultrafast laser nanolithography is employed for structuring hybrid organic-inorganic material SZ2080TM followed by high-temperature calcination post-processing. The combination allows production of 3D architectures and the heat-treatment results in converting the material to inorganic substance. The produced miniature optical elements are characterized and their optical performance demonstrated. Finally, the concept is validated for manufacturing compound optical components such as stacked lenses. This is opening for new directions and applications of laser made microoptics under harsh conditions such as high intensity radiation, temperature, acidic environment, pressure variations, which include open space, astrophotonics, and remote sensing.

Apologetics in V.N. Ilyin’s Works on Aesthetics

In the article the author tries to view the works of Russian philosopher V.N. Ilyin on aesthetics as apologetic. Ilyin’s philosophic system that he himself termed as general morphology is based on such categories as “form”, “image” and “icon” as key elements, and thus it has obvious aesthetic dimension. General metaphysical principles stated in Ilyin’s theoretic and philosophic works that were not published in his lifetime, were reflected in his publicistic works – on aesthetics and liturgics. According to Ilyin, “form” is something by way of which the invisible ousia (essence) of the thing manifests itself on the surface – the phenomenon of invisible in visible image. For Ilyin the illustration of that principle was icon-painting. Ilyin also called his morphological system materologism – the doctrine on Logos running through the substance. Through the prism of this statement Ilyin views the phenomenon of bell-ringing, the “metaphysical task” of which was in “spiritualization of inorganic substance”, in that case – metal. An important part in Ilyin’s morphology was the metaphysics of light: light was something that allowed initially to discern forms and was the prerequisite for beauty and for admiring the beautiful. The appeal to beauty as something that was perceived directly in inner experience and lead the thought out of the limits of abstract logical construct, according to Ilyin, was part of the ontological argument of the divine being. Not only it contained the logically necessary conclusion of the divine being as the Absolute, but also included as a condition the “fact and act” of the man’s personal religious experience, – the experience of the direct perception of the divine reality in prayer and in church service, that, in its turn, was connected with the perception of the beauty of liturgical forms and with the cult as the phenomenon of the Absolute in circumstantial. This is the reason of the importance of the works on aesthetics and liturgics of Ilyin as an apologist.

Potential Application of Nanoporous Materials in Biomedical Field

Nanoporous materials are the substances having pores of size 100 nanometers in a frame work organic or inorganic substance. These substances are used in medical devices such as bioartificial organ and biosensing. Nanoporous material has also importance in the field of diagnostics. This chapter basically explains about the nanoporous material in detail along with its types. The methods of fabrication of these nanoporous material area also explained. The chapter also deals with the characterization of the materials. Moreover present application of nanoporous material such as in the field of biomedicals along with the future prospects is explained in the present chapter.

Utilisation of Titanium and Titanium Dioxide as Scaffolds for Proliferating Coral Reef

Estimated 30 percent or more of coral reefs are now in danger of extinction by coastal construction increases and global temperatures rise. Several restoration techniques such as fragmentation, forming, Biorock have been developed in the past few years. In vertebrates such as mammals, osteoblast is known to form the bones composed of hydroxyapatite. Therefore, bone substitutional devices are generally surface modified to improve the adhesion of osteoblasts on the surfaces. Titanium dioxide film is often employed as the surface material for hard tissue substitutes made of titanium and its alloys. In hard corals, on the other hand, the soft tissue covered on the skeletons made of calcium carbonate has osteoblasts as well. The purpose of this work was to investigate the potential of titanium (Ti) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as scaffolds for proliferating coral reefs by analysing the several interfacial reactions. The rods of pure Ti were anodised in aqueous phosphoric acid at a constant voltage of 80 V. The surfaces were confirmed to be anatase type TiO2. The coral fragments were kept in contact with the rods in a lab-scale aquarium with artificial seawater for several days. The colony of polyps vigorously expanded on the surfaces. Fragments of coral were placed on pure Ti, TiO2 coated pure Ti in Petri dishes and were reared in artificial seawater. Fine spherical precipitates of calcium carbonate with aragonite structure, which is the same inorganic substance as corals, were observed radially and regularly on the surfaces of TiO2. In addition, the adherence of planula larva to the sputtered TiO2 film was observed by using a QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) method. The approach and adhesion of planula larva to the surface could be detected by monitoring the resonance frequency and resistance. The surfaces might have a great potential in coral reef regenerations.

Smear Layer in Endodontics: A review of its role and management

Whatever the technique used for root canal instrumentation; a layer of debris termed “smear layer” is formed. This is a layer composed of an organic and inorganic substance and it harbors bacteria and their by-products. Removing the smear layer enhances the cleaning and disinfecting of root canal walls and grant maximum adaptation of root canal filling materials. Nonetheless, the existence of smear layer can seal the dentinal tubules and decrease the probability of dentinal tubule’s invasion by bacteria and their toxins, this issue is still controversial. Smear layer removal approaches including chemical, ultrasonics, and laser have been widely studied. However, none of them is entirely efficient along the length of all canals or is universally recognized. If the decision was to remove smear layer, irrigating root canals with EDTA followed by NaOCl will fulfill the objective. It is still debatable whether the removal of smear layer will decrease the apical leakage or not. Additional research is required to determine the consequence of removing or preserving the smear layer.

Advanced treatment of waste water using microalgae in and around the region of Gengavalli

The present study illustrates the efficiency of microalgae based treatment system. Treatment of wastewater with microalgae based system have the ability of remove the nutrients( nitrogen , phosphorus and other nutrients ) , heavy metals ,toxic substance (both organic and inorganic) , BOD ,COD and other impurities present in the waste water by using the sunlight, co2 and impurities like nutrients present in the wastewater. The microalgae also have the ability of the fix the excess carbon dioxide present in the environment and release the oxygen and solve the problem of global warming .According to the various study the nutrients removal efficiency of 78- 99% of nitrogen and phosphorus the treatment system also succeed to removal of the 40-65%of COD , BOD and other impurities present in wastewater. The organic and inorganic substance released into the environment as a result of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater. The normal primary & secondary treatment process are involved in the treatment. Present investigation focuses on the bioremediation of waste water using microalgae.

Mathematical Modelling of Wastewater Treatment in Oxidation Pond

Oxidation pond also known as shallow ponds designed to treat wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria and algae. In this research, wastewater treatment model was developed to study the effect of pH towards, COD, DO and PSB. Using the process rate of breakdown of organic and inorganic substance, mass transfer and oxygen and the growth of bacteria as conditions, the advection-diffusion-reaction equations are solved using Crank Nicolson method. Comparisons were with existing data to verify the model and the similarity of dynamical behaviour.

Enhancement of the Mechanical Properties of Polyimide Film by Microwave Irradiation

Polyimide films have conventionally been prepared by thermal imidization of poly(amic acid)s (PAAs). Here we report that the improvement of tensile strength while increasing (or maintaining) film flexibility of polyimide films was accomplished by simple microwave (MW) irradiation of the PAAs. This improvement in mechanical properties can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight of the polyimides by MW irradiation. Our results show that the mechanical properties of polyimide films can be improved by MW irradiation, which is a green approach that requires relatively low MW power, very short irradiation time, and no incorporation of any additional inorganic substance.

Of Motion and Emotion: The Mechanics of Endurance in Peter Carey’s The Chemistry of Tears

Guided by J acques Derrida’s observations about the aporetic logic of the archive, this reading of Pe ter Carey’s novel The Chemistry of Tears (2012) relies on contemporary philosophical discourse about the human-thing interface to examine the correlations between pra ctices of mourning, memory, and museology as unfolded in the narrative. The central image of an automaton operates as an extended metaphor both for the metafi ctional feat of the novel, and imagination in its broadest sense, wherein we are reminded of the ethical obligations that things, especially technology, call for. Above all, Carey reveals the porosity of the boundaries between organic and inorganic substance, tethering matter to metaphysics, desire to detritus, and the present to the past.

Katalog sebagai Media Promosi bagi UMKM Koelon Kalie Krobokan Semarang

AbstrakSampah merupakan zat yang bersifat organik maupun anorganik yang dihasilkan dari setiap aktifitas manusia, seperti rumah tangga, industri, maupun komersil. Persoalan sampah di Indonesia, terutama di perkotaan merupakan masalah serius. Dinas Kebersihan Kota Semarang mencatat bahwa sampah perkotaan dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat seiring laju pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk. Sampah mengakibatkan permasalahan yang komplek, antara lain pembuangan sampah liar yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit, kota kotor, bau tidak sedap, mengurangi daya tampung sungai dan lain-lain. Tahun 2012, berdiri UMKM “Koelon Kalie” yang bertujuan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dengan mengelola sampah plastik menjadi produk yang mempunyai nilai jual. Permasalahannya adalah belum adanya kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan dan hanya melalui mulut ke mulut konsumen dalam memasarkan produk. Media katalog merupakan media yang terjangkau dan efektif. Di dalam media katalog berisi informasi mengenai produk. Informasi yang dicantumkan yaitu nama, spesifikasi, dan harga produk tersebut. Gambaran produk dapat dilihat dengan jelas melalui informasi foto produk yang ditampilkan di media katalog. Berkebalikan dengan media mulut ke mulut yang hanya bisa didengarkan tanpa adanya gambaran produk dengan jelas. Melalui media katalog, konsumen mendapat informasi lebih jelas mengenai gambaran produk olahan sampah plastik. Kata Kunci: katalog, media promosi, UMKM AbstractTrash are an organic and inorganic substance that generated from any human activity, such as household, industrial, and commercial. Trash issues in Indonesia, especially in urban area is a serius problem. Department of Semarang City Sanitation noted that urban trash from year to year increases along with population growth rate. The trash resulting complex problems, such as illegal waste disposal, appear various diseases, dirty city, odor, reduce the capacity of river and others. In 2012, arise MSMEs “Koelon Kalie” wich aim to increase public revenue by managing plastic waste into a products that can be sold. The problem it’s not carry out promotional activities and only through word of mouth in the consumer products market. Catalog is a affordable and effective tool. Catalog contains information about products, such as name, specifications, and price. Products overview can be seen clearly through the picture information displayed in the catalog. Opposite to Word of Mouth that can only be heard and can not be seen the product picture. With catalog, consumers get more information on a product overview of plastic waste processed products. Keywords: catalog, promotion media, MSMEs