ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN FOUR STRAINS OF DOMESTICATED RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Busack ◽  
Richard Halliburton ◽  
G. A. E. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
High Level

A total of 1462 rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) representing four California domestic strains, were examined electrophoretically at 24 gene loci to investigate the amount of genetic variability within strains and genetic differentiation between strains, relative to wild populations. Estimated heterozygosities of 0.071 to 0.134 were similar to those reported for wild populations and thus indicated that the domestic strains were at least as variable as wild populations. Genetic distances between strains ranged from 0.011 to 0.067, values typical of the level of differentiation observed between local conspecific populations in a variety of organisms. It was suggested that this high level of heterozygosity is due to mixing of populations in the strains' histories and perhaps also to balancing selection.

scholarly journals ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION IN FOUR FRENCH POPULATIONS OF DOMESTICATED RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Guyomard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Biochemical Polymorphism ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Enzyme Systems

Electrophoretic variation of 12 enzyme systems, representing 26 loci in four strains of domesticated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were studied. The variances among and within strains, estimated from observed frequencies, were compared to data of other studies of biochemical polymorphism carried out in this species. These preliminary results show that a large proportion of the variability in rainbow trout is present in the French hatchery stocks studied and that isolation of these groups for several generations has not caused a significant genetic differentiation as compared to all the domesticated strains studied.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of marine shrimp in the Brazilian industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Maggioni ◽  
Maria Raquel Moura Coimbra ◽  
Raimundo Bezerra da Costa ◽  
Fábio Mendonça Diniz ◽  
Wagner Franco Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Central America ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Marine Shrimp ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability level and distribution in Brazilian broodstocks of marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Nine of the country's largest hatcheries were evaluated using codominant and highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The results obtained from genotyping of ten microsatellite loci are indicative of genetic variability that is compatible with that found in wild populations of L. vannamei in Mexico and Central America. A possible explanation is the highly diversified and relatively recent origin of the available broodstocks. Bayesian analysis detected a signal for five founding populations. The distribution of genetic distances partially reflects geographical location, and this information will be useful for the creation of new broodstocks. Therefore, L. vannamei genetic variability among nine of the largest national hatcheries can be considered high.

Digestibility and Utilization of Canola Meal in Practical-Type Diets for Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
High Level

The digestibility study indicated that dry matter digestibility of canola meal (CM) was low (56.2–60.4%), probably due to the high fiber content of this product and its relatively high level of complex carbohydrates. Energy and protein digestibility of CM were 72.4 and 83.2%, respectively, and the essential amino acid digestibilities were similar to those of protein in the CM. CM cannot successfully replace either soybean meal or fish meal in practical-type diets for young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) without sacrificing growth. Supplementation with additional arginine, lysine and zinc, or energy to CM-based diets did not overcome the growth depressing effects. CM supplementation to the trout diet affected the thyroid gland of the fish, producing a diffuse, microfollicular hyperplasia that increased in severity with increasing CM supplementation. Young rainbow trout appear to be more sensitive to dietary glucosinolates than chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and total glucosinolate levels of 158 μg/g or more are deleterious to these fish. We conclude that CM should not, at this time, be included as a feed ingredient in commercial trout diets for young rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation of black–spotted breed by B–system of blood group

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zhmur ◽  
V. Bodnaruk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dairy Breed

In animals of western interbreed type allele of B–system: b (0,169), GYE'Q' (0,202), D'G'O' (0,058), G'G'' (0,058), OJ'K'O' (0,054), Q' (0,045) and I2 (0,041) have the highest rate. Proximity of the rate of “Holstein–Frisian” allele GYE'Q' and OJ'K'O'  of Black–Spotted cows indicated interbreed type and Holstein breed is the result of a high level holsteinization of the Western Ukrainian populations. Allele BYA'G'P'Q' G'', GTYB’D’G’Q’Y’B”, YD’G’O’, D’G’O’, G’G” , O’ are typical only Black – Spotted cattle in Western Ukraine and almost never occur in related Black – Spotted breed. The high frequency of allele b in animals of interbreed western type can be explained using sires of Estonian Black – Spotted breed whose frequency but this allele is the highest (0,263). Genetic distance between Western interbreed type, the Ukrainian Black – Spotted Dairy breed and related breeds Black – Spotted breed was: Holstein – 0,483, Western Ukraine – 0,641, Estonian – 0,661, Polish – 0,733, Russian – 0,748 and Lithuanian – 0,830. Herewith the most genetically similar animals were Western interbreed type and Holstein breed. Along with significant commonality of genetic Holstein Western type of Black – Spotted cattle Ukraine has many specific features that are its originality and further confirm the validity of its autonomous existence and improvement. The genes of blood groups reflect changes in the genome populations and cattle breeds and make it possible to determine the features of statics and dynamics of genetic variability.

Distribution of LDH-B″ Gene in Resident and Anadromous Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Streams in British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huzyk ◽  
H. Tsuyuki
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Skeena River

The B″ subunit of lactate dehydrogenase from the liver tissue of wild populations of resident rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from the Loon and Pennask Lake areas has been found in a frequency of 0.400–0.800. An electrophoretically identical subunit was found in similar proportions in anadromous steelhead trout from the Thompson River, and from the Coquihala River in considerably smaller proportions. Steelhead from some coastal streams in and near Vancouver and Vancouver Island, and other selected streams from the Fraser and Skeena river systems generally revealed a very low frequency of less than 0.1.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Assay of Different Natural and Hatchery Populations of Rohu (Labeo rohita) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Shikder Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Saifuddin Shah ◽  
Foyez Ibn Shams ◽  
Md. Rayhan Ali ◽  
Md. Lifat Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
High Level

The level of genetic variation determines the genetic status and provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to assess the genetic variability of 7 different natural (2) and hatchery (5) populations of Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita (Rohu) in Bangladsh. In total, 140 fish samples were collected (20 from each of the populations). Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue, and 5 different oligonucleotide primers were used which revealed 80% polymorphic DNA bands. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.71, 0.75, 0.75, 0.85, 0.84, 0.86 and 0.89 for Ma-Fatema hatchery, Chowdhuri hatchery, Niribili hatchery, Sonali hatchery, Kapotakha hatchery, the Halda river and the Baluhor Baor populations respectively. The pair-wise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a high level of genetic variation between different populations. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendogram based on Nei’s genetic distances also revealed high level of inter-population genetic variation among the populations. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda River and Baluhar Baor hatchery in one group and Kapotakha, Ma-Fatema, Chowdhuri, Niribili and Sonali hatcheries in another group. Overall, RAPD results clearly indicate the reduced genetic quality of the hatchery seeds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11923 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 30-36

Observed Liver Changes in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fed Varying Levels of a Casein–Gelatin Mixture and Herring Oil in Experimental Diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Lee ◽  
J. H. Wales
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Liver Changes ◽  
High Level

Young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed semipurified diets containing varying levels of herring oil, casein–gelatin (70–30), and starch for 18 weeks. Fish fed diets containing 53% protein and fat levels of 8 and 16% developed livers with abnormal nuclei, bile duct proliferation, and some parenchymal cell injury. The same level of protein with 24% herring oil did not produce these liver changes. Increasing protein levels with concurrent lowering of starch content produced large livers that were high in glycogen. This effect was not as pronounced at the high level (24%) of fat. The liver abnormalities apparently did not impair growth since weight gains were unrelated to the condition of the liver histology.

scholarly journals DNA metabarcoding of orchid-derived products reveals widespread illegal orchid trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo J. de Boer ◽  
Abdolbaset Ghorbani ◽  
Vincent Manzanilla ◽  
Ancuta-Cristina Raclariu ◽  
Anna Kreziou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
High Level

In eastern Mediterranean countries orchids continue to be collected from the wild for the production of salep, a beverage made of dried orchid tubers. In this study we used nrITS1 and nrITS2 DNA metabarcoding to identify orchid and other plant species present in 55 commercial salep products purchased in Iran, Turkey, Greece and Germany. Thirty samples yielded a total of 161 plant taxa, and 13 products (43%) contained orchid species and these belonged to 10 terrestrial species with tuberous roots. Another 70% contained the substitute ingredient Cyamopsis tetraganoloba (Guar). DNA metabarcoding using the barcoding markers nrITS1 and nrITS2 shows the potential of these markers and approach for identification of species used in salep products. The analysis of interspecific genetic distances between sequences of these markers for the most common salep orchid genera shows that species level identifications can be made with a high level of confidence. Understanding the species diversity and provenance of salep orchid tubers will enable the chain of commercialization of endangered species to be traced back to the harvesters and their natural habitats, and thus allow for targeted efforts to protect or sustainably use wild populations of these orchids.

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