Abundance and Life History of Mysis relicta in the St. Lawrence Great Lakes

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Carpenter ◽  
E. L. Mansey ◽  
N. H. F. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Period

In sampling on lakes Ontario, Erie, and Superior during three cruises from spring to fall, and on Lake Huron during eight cruises, Mysis relicta was generally not taken or not abundant in waters less than 25 m in depth. Its abundance appeared to increase with depth at least up to 200 m. Populations appeared to be concentrated in waters 125–200 m deep during summer and more dispersed during spring and fall. Highest numbers were found in Lake Superior, followed by lakes Ontario and Huron. A small localized population was found in the deep eastern part of Lake Erie.Size-frequency distributions from the various cruises on lakes Superior, Huron, and Ontario indicated differences in life cycles of the mysid in the three lakes. In Lake Superior there was one major period of recruitment, from February to July, and the generation time appeared to be 2 yr. In lakes Huron and Ontario recruitment appeared to occur from February to August and to be separated into a winter and a summer period; each of the generations appeared to mature in 18 mo.

scholarly journals A review of the life cycles and life-history adaptations of pelagic tunicates to environmental conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Deibel ◽  
Ben Lowen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Doubling Times

Abstract Deibel, D., and Lowen, B. 2012. A review of the life cycles and life-history adaptations of pelagic tunicates to environmental conditions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 358–369. Phylogeny, life cycles, and life-history adaptations of pelagic tunicates to temperature and food concentration are reviewed. Using literature data on lifetime egg production and generation time of appendicularians, salps, and doliolids, rmax, the maximum rate of lifetime reproductive fitness, is calculated as a common metric of adaptation to environmental conditions. The rmax values are high for all three groups, ranging from ∼0.1 to 1.9 d−1, so population doubling times range from ∼8 h to 1 week. These high values of rmax are attributable primarily to short generation times, ranging from 2 to 50 d. Clearly, pelagic tunicates are adapted to event-scale (i.e. days to weeks) rather than seasonal-scale changes in environmental conditions. Although they are not closely related phylogenetically, all three groups have a unique life-history adaptation promoting high lifetime fitness. Appendicularians have late oocyte selection, salps are viviparous, and doliolids possess a polymorphic asexual phase. There has been little research on hermaphroditic appendicularians, on large oceanic salps, and on doliolids generally. Research is needed on factors regulating generation time, on the heritability of life-history traits, and on age- and size-specific rates of mortality.

scholarly journals THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE SPINED RUSTIC, BARATHRA CURIALIS, SMITH

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
James Fletcher ◽  
Arthur Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
History Of

In the Report of the Entomologist and Botanist to the Dominion Experimental Farms for 1905, at pages 179 and 180, considerable space is given to a discussion of an outbreak of a large noctuid caterpillar, which appeared in considerable numbers in Canada during 1905. Complaints of injury by this insect were received from a wide area, extending from Nova Scotia as far west as Lake Superior. During July many kinds of plants in gardens were attacked by smooth cutworm-like caterpillas, which when small were greenish in colour, having the body divided into two equal areas above and below the spiracles by a wide black stigmatal band.

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

Relationships between size of stream insects and current velocity

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Kovalak
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
History Of

Size frequency distributions and dry weight – head width relationships for six insect species from two habitats with differing current velocities in the Pigeon River, Michigan, were compared. Early in their growth cycles, Ephemerella subvaria, Ephemerella lata, Rhithrogena jejuna, and Glossosoma nigrior generally were larger at the slow station, but near the end of the growth cycles they generally were larger at the fast station. For Paraleptophlebia mollis, early in the growth cycle size differences between stations were small but near the end of the growth cycles nymphs were larger at the fast station, whereas nymphs of Ephemerella deficiens were slightly larger at the slow station throughout the growth cycle. Larger size at the slow station probably was due to differential growth whereas larger size at the fast station probably was due to differential habitat selection controlled by oxygen requirements.There were no significant differences in dry weight – head width relationships between habitats or between sexes. Sex ratios generally were similar at the two stations and did not deviate appreciably from 50:50.The life history of each species is briefly described.

Life history of Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in relation to the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Longicorn Beetle ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of the nematode Bursaphelenchus conicaudatus and its phoretic relationship to the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris, were studied, and are discussed by comparison with those of the pinewood nematode B. xylophilus, the pathogen of the pine wilt disease, and its vectors Monochamus species. The life history of B. conicaudatus was found to be very similar to that of B. xylophilus in dispersal pattern, vector selection and feeding preference, although the average number of B. conicaudatus carried by the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, the proportion of beetles infested with the nematodes, and the nematode release pattern differed from those of B. xylophilus. These findings indicate a close relationship between the two species of Bursaphelenchus and the cerambycid beetles, as well as the adaptability of these two nematode species to the life cycles of their vectors.

Sampling Strategies and Life History of Non-Insectan Freshwater Invertebrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Malley ◽  
J. B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Sampling

Life history of benthic freshwater invertebrates, excluding insects, may influence a number of features of sampling programs, such as the environment sampled, sampling technique or equipment used, frequency and timing of sampling, and mesh sizes of nets or sieves. Consideration of the life history should increase the effectiveness of the program and, in the extreme, may allow one to recognize artifacts that would otherwise lead to incorrect conclusions.Aspects of life history that influence sampling programs are (1) direct or indirect embryonic development and the extent to which young are sampled simultaneously with adults during the breeding season, (2) times of year when various developmental stages are present, (3) differences in size between various life stages necessitating use of more than one sampling method during the year, (4) change in habitat due to migrations or assumption of a pelagic, parasitic, or aerial existence for part of the life cycle, (5) change in mobility over the life cycle, (6) sex differences in size or behavior, and (7) adaptations to adverse conditions. Examples of ways in which life history affects sampling are based on the literature and on original data on the opposum shrimp, Mysis relicta, and the crayfish, Orconectes virilis.We recommend that quantitative studies of benthic invertebrate communities be started with a pilot study employing at least two complementary sampling techniques and sufficiently frequent sampling times to allow the development of a reliable strategy for the objective. Key words: life history, sampling, benthic invertebrates, Crustacea, Mysis relicta, Orconectes virilis

The Morphology and Development of the Monogenetic Trematode Sphyranura oligorchis (Alvey 1933) and the Description of Sphyranura polyorchis n.sp.

Parasitology ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Alvey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancestral Type

The description of Sphyranura oligorchis (Alvey, 1933) and S. polyorchis n.sp. is presented together with an account of the development of the former. Study of the life history of S. oligorchis, and a review of the literature on the life cycles of the Monogenea, show that at a corresponding time in their development embryonic stages similar to Dactylogyrus are present. It is postulated that Dactylogyrus is near the primitive ancestral type of the Monogenea, and that all of the parasitic platyheminthes may have arisen from a common planula ancestor.

The Life-History of Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) and its Effect on White Pine

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Balch ◽  
G. R. Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Winged Form ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
History Of

Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) belongs to the Adelginae, a group characterized by unusually complex life-cycles. The typical species have at least five distinct forms, one bi-sexual and the others parthenogenetic. They alternate between two coniferous hosts, one of which is always a species of spruce (Picea). Galls are formed on spruce by a modification of the growth of the new shoot.The life-history of P. pinifoliae is only partially known. Patch has reported on observations in Maine which showed that the gall-making form flew from “black spruce” to the needles of white pine and that its offspring settled on the new shoots. She also described a morphologically similar winged form which developed on white-pine shoots and which she believed to be the return migrants. Annand made similar observations in Oregon and gave careful descriptions of three forms: the fundatrix, the gallicola migrans, and the exulis.

Life history of Allocreadium fasciatusi Kakaji, 1969 (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) from the freshwater fish Aplocheilus melastigma McClelland

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Intermediate Host

ABSTRACTThe life history of Allocreadium fasciatusi which occurs in the intestine of a freshwater fish Aplocheilus melastigma has been worked out in detail. The snail Amnicola travancorica acts as the first intermediate host. The miracidium hatching out from the eggs attacks the snail and passes through two generations of rediae. Cercariae are of ophthalmoxiphidiocercous type with very long tail and are identical to Cercariae Indicae XLIX Sewell, 1922. The cercariae penetrate and develop into metacercariae in the haemecoel of the copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti, Microcyclops varicans and Marcocyclops distructus. Upon ingestion by the definitive host, the metacercariae excyst and develop into adults. All the stages in the life cycle are described and the life cycle is compared with other allocreadiid life cycles. The original description of A. fasciatusi is revised and Psilostomum chilkai Chatterji, 1956 from Lates calcalifer is synonymized with it.

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