A Biochemical Genetic Study of Zoogeography of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Western Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Frequencies of alleles of the genes governing electrophoretic phenotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, the genetics of which were determined previously, proved useful tools for characterizing populations. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and hemoglobin electrophoretic phenotypes, the genetics of which have not been determined, proved useful only for discerning differences among large groups of populations. Using all these characters we determined postglacial routes of gene flow among western Canadian lake whitefish populations and related the biochemical data to the glacial refugia in which lake whitefish are believed to have survived the Wisconsin glaciation. Apparently most lake whitefish populations west of the Ontario–Manitoba boundary and east of the Rocky Mountains were derived from a Mississippi refugium stock with some input from the Bering refugium. At an early stage in the mixing of the two stocks, headwaters of the Peace, Athabasca, and Mackenzie rivers and the Fraser River system were invaded. Subsequently, these areas were cut off from mainstem rivers of the plains, and a G-3-PDH allele not found in early emigrants from the Mississippi refugium appeared and spread throughout the major river systems of central Canada. No evidence was found that any Mississippi stock lake whitefish were able to invade the upper Liard River and Yukon River system including the area of the Bering refugium. Bering stock lake whitefish probably emigrated from that refugium by way of headwater transfer from the Yukon River to the Liard River and possibly, by way of the Porcupine and Peel rivers, from the Yukon River to the lower Mackenzie River. Routes of postglacial dispersal suggested by geological information, rather than selection, appear to provide adequate explanations for the distributions of the biochemical characters in present day lake whitefish populations. This explanation of the biochemical data is also in accord with the distribution of modal gillraker counts in lake whitefish populations and also with the distribution of other freshwater fishes in western Canada. Key words: fish, lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, salmonidae, zoogeography, dehydrogenase, postglacial, biochemical genetics

Development of the embryonic heat shock response and the impact of repeated thermal stress in early stage lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy M. Whitehouse ◽  
Chance S. McDougall ◽  
Daniel I. Stefanovic ◽  
Douglas R. Boreham ◽  
Christopher M. Somers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
The Impact

Phenotypic Variation in the Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, Induced by Introduction into a New Environment

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Line Scale ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Electrophoretic Phenotype

Adult lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from Clearwater Lake and second generation adults of offspring from Clearwater whitefish transplanted to Lyons Lake were compared with respect to morphometric and meristic characters and isozymes of L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). Feeding habits and abundance of pelagic and benthic foods were compared in the two lakes.Gill raker number, lateral line scale count, and interorbital width remained constant between parental and offspring populations. Gill raker length was the main character found to differ between the populations. This was found to be related to the percentage and type of benthic food eaten. Abrasion of the gill rakers is offered as an explanation for the differences in gill raker length. Differences were found in various other meristic and morphological characters, as well as in electrophoretic phenotype frequencies of isozymes of GPDH.

Subpopulation Status of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Winnipeg

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kristofferson ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Spawning lake whitefish in Lake Winnipeg from Dauphin River–Lake St. Martin, Traverse Bay, Berens River–Poplar River–Big Black River and Grand Rapids and in Little Playgreen Lake are accorded subpopulation status based on morphometric measurements, meristic counts, and differences in frequencies of alleles at the muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-3-pdh-b) locus. The frequency of the g-3-pdh-b-3 allele in samples from Dauphin River–Lake St. Martin was 0.77 compared with 0.46 for whitefish from the remainder of Lake Winnipeg and Little Playgreen Lake. Two loci for isocitrate dehydrogenase and one lactate dehydrogenase locus are also polymorphic in these fish but no significant allele frequency differences were found at these loci among the samples of spawners compared above. Hatchery-reared lake whitefish, obtained from stock in Clearwater Lake and William Lake and planted as fry or eyed eggs in Lake Winnipeg at Dauphin River and Grand Rapids, do not appear to have made a detectable genetic contribution to the local whitefish stocks, based on differences in g-3-pdh-b and idh Bβ allele frequencies among parent stock and spawners captured near the release sites.

Pleistocene Watershed Exchanges and the Fish Fauna of the Peel River Basin, Yukon Territory

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bodaly ◽  
C. C. Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
River System ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Yukon River

The Peel River basin is a unique Canadian glacial refugium containing many relict fish populations. Peel River is presently tributary to the Mackenzie River system, but at least twice during Pleistocene glaciations it was diverted into headwaters of the Yukon River system, offering the possibility of two-way transfer of aquatic organisms between the Mackenzie and Yukon. Present fish distributions in the Peel basin are summarized. Biochemical and morphological evidence suggests that races of at least six species now inhabiting the area (Coregonus clupeaformis, Prosopium coulteri, Thymallus arcticus, Salvelinus namaycush, Esox lucius, Cottus cognatus) originated from types which either came from the Yukon River system or developed in situ in unglaciated parts of the Peel.

Lack of specialization in trophic morphology between genetically differentiated dwarf and normal forms of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de l'Est, Quebec

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Chouinard ◽  
Dany Pigeon ◽  
Louis Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Trophic Niches

We recently observed a bimodal distribution in size of sexually maturing lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill) in Lac de L'Est, Quebec. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that these two spawning size classes represent genetically distinct ecotypes, potentially adapted in morphology for occupying different trophic niches. This was accomplished by quantifying the extent of genetic (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and enzyme loci) and morphological differences. Significant differences in haplotype and allele frequency distributions confirmed the hypothesis that whitefish maturing at small (dwarf) and normal sizes are structured into two distinct gene pools. However, low Fst values at mtDNA and enzyme loci, coupled with the apparent lack of spatial and temporal spawning segregation, suggest that reproductive isolation is incomplete and that gene flow is still occurring between the two forms. Patterns of mtDNA diversity favoured the origin of genetically distinct dwarf and normal-size lake whitefish forms in Lac de l'Est through sympatric divergence. However, a lack of differences in morphological traits potentially related to trophic ecology did not support the hypothesis that the two forms represent ecotypes which are morphologically specialized in trophic niches. This study established that sympatric dwarf and normal-size spawning groups of lake whitefish in Lac de l'Est represent two genetically distinct populations despite the potential for gene flow between them. This, coupled with their low level of morphological diversification, suggests that they represent an early stage of population divergence, and therefore makes them of particular interest for understanding the gene–environment processes involved in the early steps of speciation events.

Collapse of the Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Fishery in Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba, following Lake Impoundment and River Diversion

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bodaly ◽  
T. W. D. Johnson ◽  
R. J. P. Fudge ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Market Quality ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
River Diversion ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) fishery of Southern Indian Lake (SIL) has undergone a general collapse since lake impoundment and Churchill River diversion in 1976. The fishery was substantial from its inception in 1941, with a mean annual whitefish catch of 333 500 kg over the 3 decades prior to lake impoundment. The whitefish catch prior to impoundment was composed almost exclusively (> 99%) of light colored, export (A) quality fish that were only lightly parasitized with the muscle cysts of Triaenophorus crassus. The market quality of the catch was maintained by selective fishing of certain lake basins and avoiding areas of the lake that were known to produce lower quality fish. Catch per unit of effort on traditional fishing grounds declined soon after impoundment to about one-half preflooding levels. Total catches were maintained at or near preimpoundment levels by major increases in total effort until 1982, when the whitefish catch fell to about one third of its preimpoundment mean. Fishermen also responded to declines in catch per unit of effort on traditional fishing grounds with a major geographic shift of effort into areas formerly avoided. As a result, darker colored, continental (B) quality whitefish comprised from 12 to 72% of the summer catch in the 4 yr following impoundment. Dark whitefish are less marketable because of color and because of higher rates of Triaenophorus infestation. The mean Triaenophorus cyst count in shipments has increased markedly since impoundment and the lake was reclassified from export (A) to continental (B) classification in 1982. Catch declines on traditional fishing grounds apparently reflect the emigration of fish to other SIL basins and/or to adjoining water bodies. Prior to lake impoundment, there were significant differences in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase allele frequencies from whitefish samples taken from four basins of SIL and an adjacent unconnected lake, but these differences were absent after impoundment. It is hypothesized that these stock redistributions were triggered by physical changes in SIL after lake impoundment.

Genetics of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in White Muscle of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
D. N. Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Multiple isozymes of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (L-gIycerol-3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase, E. C. 1.1.1.8) have been resolved by starch gel electrophoresis of extracts of muscle tissue from lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). The isozyme electropherograms show that three kinds of subunit, A, B, and C, are synthesized in red muscle and two of these, A and B, are also found in white muscle. In red muscle the subunits evidently combine to form catalytically active dimers of the following types: AA, AB, BB, BC, and CC. In white muscle only the AA, AB, and BB dimers were observed.A genetic and molecular structure model is proposed for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) isozymes in white muscle of lake whitefish. On the basis of two alleles for A subunits and three alleles for B subunits, the model predicts a total of 18 distinct, electrophoretic G-3-PDH phenotypes for all possible AA, AB, and BB dimeric isozymes. The model has been confirmed by the results of a breeding experiment that tested the heritability of each of the five known alleles. A difference in the rate of heat inactivation of AA and BB isozymes was also interpreted as additional evidence for the unique genetic and molecular nature of the two kinds of subunits.Surveys of natural populations of lake whitefish revealed some marked variations in the frequencies of G-3-PDH alleles in fish from different geographical areas.The cisco (Coregonus artedii) also appears to have three "b" alleles for G-3-PDH.

Evolution of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in North America during the Pleistocene: Genetic Differentiation between Sympatric Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bodaly ◽  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
J. Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Sympatric Forms ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Glacial Refuge

We use electrophoretic data on dehydrogenase enzymes to examine the relatedness of sympatric populations of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and provide evidence for the existence of a glacial refuge race of lake whitefish in eastern North America. This Acadian race is presently found in New England, the Gaspé peninsula of Québec, and New Brunswick. It probably survived glaciation in a refugium on the exposed coastal plain of northeastern North America. In areas of contact, most glacial races appear to introgress and do not coexist in sympatry. However, sympatric pairs of populations occur (or occurred) within the ranges of all races of lake whitefish. Allele frequencies for at least one enzyme system examined for most sympatric pairs were significantly different, indicating that these sympatric populations are wholly or substantially, isolated reproductively from each other. Both members of the population pairs examined in the Yukon Territory, Ontario, and Labrador were genetically characteristic of the glacial races of their region. This suggests that they are not the result of speciation due to geographic isolation in different glacial refugia. Thus, their origin appears to be postglacial, but may be older if present genetic similarities are due to recent gene flow between sympatric forms.

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