Genetics of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in White Muscle of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
D. N. Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Multiple isozymes of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (L-gIycerol-3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase, E. C. 1.1.1.8) have been resolved by starch gel electrophoresis of extracts of muscle tissue from lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). The isozyme electropherograms show that three kinds of subunit, A, B, and C, are synthesized in red muscle and two of these, A and B, are also found in white muscle. In red muscle the subunits evidently combine to form catalytically active dimers of the following types: AA, AB, BB, BC, and CC. In white muscle only the AA, AB, and BB dimers were observed.A genetic and molecular structure model is proposed for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) isozymes in white muscle of lake whitefish. On the basis of two alleles for A subunits and three alleles for B subunits, the model predicts a total of 18 distinct, electrophoretic G-3-PDH phenotypes for all possible AA, AB, and BB dimeric isozymes. The model has been confirmed by the results of a breeding experiment that tested the heritability of each of the five known alleles. A difference in the rate of heat inactivation of AA and BB isozymes was also interpreted as additional evidence for the unique genetic and molecular nature of the two kinds of subunits.Surveys of natural populations of lake whitefish revealed some marked variations in the frequencies of G-3-PDH alleles in fish from different geographical areas.The cisco (Coregonus artedii) also appears to have three "b" alleles for G-3-PDH.

Metabolic organization in swimming muscle of anadromous coregonines from James and Hudson bays

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1552-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Couture ◽  
Helga Guderley
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Organization ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

The metabolic organization of swimming muscles from anadromous cisco (Coregonus artedii) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) sampled in two rivers presenting different regimes of migratory difficulty and temperature was compared. Cisco muscle showed an increased aerobic capacity in the river where the fishes' migration is longer, as shown by the activities of several enzymes and by the proportion of red muscle in their swimming muscle. Lake whitefish, generally larger than cisco, did not show any compensation for the difficulty of migration. For both species, latitudinal differences in thermal regime were not correlated with differences in aerobic capacity. As estimated from published allometric equations, scaling effects can account for only a small proportion of the interstation variation in the aerobic enzyme activities of cisco. Our results suggest that because cisco are smaller than lake whitefish in these rivers, and thus are more affected by the degree of difficulty of the prereproductive migration at a given temperature, cisco have compensated by increasing the aerobic capacity of their swimming musculature in populations facing greater swimming requirements.

Phenotypic Variation in the Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, Induced by Introduction into a New Environment

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Line Scale ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Electrophoretic Phenotype

Adult lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from Clearwater Lake and second generation adults of offspring from Clearwater whitefish transplanted to Lyons Lake were compared with respect to morphometric and meristic characters and isozymes of L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). Feeding habits and abundance of pelagic and benthic foods were compared in the two lakes.Gill raker number, lateral line scale count, and interorbital width remained constant between parental and offspring populations. Gill raker length was the main character found to differ between the populations. This was found to be related to the percentage and type of benthic food eaten. Abrasion of the gill rakers is offered as an explanation for the differences in gill raker length. Differences were found in various other meristic and morphological characters, as well as in electrophoretic phenotype frequencies of isozymes of GPDH.

Changes in fish populations affected by the construction of the La Grande complex (Phase I), James Bay region, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude DesLandes ◽  
Sylvie Guénette ◽  
Yves Prairie ◽  
Réjean Fortin ◽  
Dominique Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Secondary Productivity ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
The Impact

Catches per unit of effort (CPUE) with experimental gill nets, recruitment, growth, and condition were monitored between 1977 and 1992 to evaluate the impact of impoundment on the main fish species of La Grande 2, Opinaca, and Caniapiscau reservoirs and the Boyd–Sakami diversion. CPUE and recruitment of northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) increased markedly at most stations after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series. The lake whitefish and cisco (Coregonus artedii) showed their most striking rise in CPUE at two bay stations of La Grande 2 and Opinaca reservoirs. CPUE and recruitment of the longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (Caniapiscau) showed a general decrease following impoundment. CPUE for the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) also decreased at several stations; however, the two most southerly stations in La Grande 2 reservoir and the Boyd–Sakami station showed high CPUE during the series. Concentration–redistribution phenomena explain part of the observed variations in CPUE. Correlation analyses showed that walleyes and white suckers were attracted to the warmer, more turbid stations, and that the high primary and secondary productivity of bay stations attracted the coregonines. Growth and condition of the main species increased during variable time intervals after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series.

Subpopulation Status of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Winnipeg

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Kristofferson ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Spawning lake whitefish in Lake Winnipeg from Dauphin River–Lake St. Martin, Traverse Bay, Berens River–Poplar River–Big Black River and Grand Rapids and in Little Playgreen Lake are accorded subpopulation status based on morphometric measurements, meristic counts, and differences in frequencies of alleles at the muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g-3-pdh-b) locus. The frequency of the g-3-pdh-b-3 allele in samples from Dauphin River–Lake St. Martin was 0.77 compared with 0.46 for whitefish from the remainder of Lake Winnipeg and Little Playgreen Lake. Two loci for isocitrate dehydrogenase and one lactate dehydrogenase locus are also polymorphic in these fish but no significant allele frequency differences were found at these loci among the samples of spawners compared above. Hatchery-reared lake whitefish, obtained from stock in Clearwater Lake and William Lake and planted as fry or eyed eggs in Lake Winnipeg at Dauphin River and Grand Rapids, do not appear to have made a detectable genetic contribution to the local whitefish stocks, based on differences in g-3-pdh-b and idh Bβ allele frequencies among parent stock and spawners captured near the release sites.

A Biochemical Genetic Study of Zoogeography of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Western Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Franzin ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
River System ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Biochemical Data ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Frequencies of alleles of the genes governing electrophoretic phenotypes of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, the genetics of which were determined previously, proved useful tools for characterizing populations. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and hemoglobin electrophoretic phenotypes, the genetics of which have not been determined, proved useful only for discerning differences among large groups of populations. Using all these characters we determined postglacial routes of gene flow among western Canadian lake whitefish populations and related the biochemical data to the glacial refugia in which lake whitefish are believed to have survived the Wisconsin glaciation. Apparently most lake whitefish populations west of the Ontario–Manitoba boundary and east of the Rocky Mountains were derived from a Mississippi refugium stock with some input from the Bering refugium. At an early stage in the mixing of the two stocks, headwaters of the Peace, Athabasca, and Mackenzie rivers and the Fraser River system were invaded. Subsequently, these areas were cut off from mainstem rivers of the plains, and a G-3-PDH allele not found in early emigrants from the Mississippi refugium appeared and spread throughout the major river systems of central Canada. No evidence was found that any Mississippi stock lake whitefish were able to invade the upper Liard River and Yukon River system including the area of the Bering refugium. Bering stock lake whitefish probably emigrated from that refugium by way of headwater transfer from the Yukon River to the Liard River and possibly, by way of the Porcupine and Peel rivers, from the Yukon River to the lower Mackenzie River. Routes of postglacial dispersal suggested by geological information, rather than selection, appear to provide adequate explanations for the distributions of the biochemical characters in present day lake whitefish populations. This explanation of the biochemical data is also in accord with the distribution of modal gillraker counts in lake whitefish populations and also with the distribution of other freshwater fishes in western Canada. Key words: fish, lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, salmonidae, zoogeography, dehydrogenase, postglacial, biochemical genetics

Metabolic Changes during the Reproductive Migration of Two Sympatric Coregonines, Coregonus artedii and Coregonus clupeaformis

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1859-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Guderley ◽  
Pierre Blier ◽  
Lorraine Richard
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Glycolytic Potential ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Metabolic Organization ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Reproductive Migration

The reproductive migration from James Bay to the Eastmain River leads to more marked changes in the metabolic organization of the swimming muscle of Coregonus artedii than Coregonus clupeaformis. The glycolytic potential of both red and white muscle decreased significantly during the migration while the aerobic potential increased significantly at the end of the migration in white muscle of C. artedii. This increase in aerobic potential could facilitate the upstream migration of this species. In contrast, C. clupeaformis generally maintained its glycolytic capacity in both red and white muscle and did not increase the aerobic potential of its white muscle at the end of the migration. In both species, hepatic enzyme activities were variable. In liver of C. artedii the gluconeogenic potential, as judged by the ratio of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase to phosphofructokinase 1 activity, and the transaminases glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase and glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase, increased during the spawning migration. ¡n C. clupeaformis liver, most enzymes decreased significantly during the migration.

Genetics of Multiple Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Muscle Tissue of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Clayton ◽  
W. G. Franzin
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Electrophoresis of extracts of red lateral line muscle from lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) revealed two groups of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes. In heart tissue extracts the faster moving set of isozymes predominated whereas most of the LDH in white muscle consisted of the slower set of electrophoretic isozymes.Three phenotypes of heart-type LDH isozymes were found in wild fish. Breeding experiments showed that there were two nondominant alleles at the locus coding the most anodal of the heart-type LDH subunits. The frequencies of these alleles were different in fish from two lakes.Our observations regarding the presence of discrete sets of multiple LDH isozymes in lake whitefish and the independent genetic control of isozymes within each set provide additional evidence for the probable tetraploid nature of salmonids.

Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Stocks of the Ontario Waters of Lake Huron

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Casselman ◽  
J. J. Collins ◽  
E. J. Grossman ◽  
P. E. Ihssen ◽  
G. R. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
South Shore

Historical and contemporary data on lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the Ontario waters of Lake Huron were examined for evidence of stocks with the objective of defining population boundaries. We delineated the spatial distribution of five stocks from tag–recapture data and the general location of six additional stocks on the basis of population parameters such as growth rate, age structure, and abundance trends.Samples of fish collected (summer and fall) from 5 of the 11 potential stocks were evaluated on the basis of 11 morphometric and 7 meristic characters. We also examined osseometric features such as shape of scales and otoliths, and electrophoretic characteristics at 32 loci associated with 12 enzyme systems.The summer and fall samples for each group were generally not significantly different. For the phenotypes examined electrophoretically, each stock was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; 12 of the 32 loci considered were polymorphic and 4 of the 10 possible genetic distances differed significantly from zero.The Inner Basin stock was distinctly different from all other stocks. The Blind River stock was also found to be different by osseometrics, but not by morphometrics or electrophoresis. Osseometrics separated the stocks by basin of origin. Two stocks, Outer Basin and Burnt Island, appeared to be the most similar and could be separated from each other only on the basis of growth rate and tagging data. These two stocks are adjacent to each other in the main basin of Lake Huron, along the south shore of Manitoulin Island.Whitefish stocks of Lake Huron represent groups of fish that differ phenotypically and genotypically in varying degrees, are spatially separated, and behave as cohesive units. We conclude that they should be regarded as functional units for management purposes.Key words: lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, Lake Huron, stocks, tag–recapture data, population structure, morphometrics, meristics, osseometrics, scale and otolith shape, starch gel electrophoresis, biochemical genetic variation

Collapse of the Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Fishery in Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba, following Lake Impoundment and River Diversion

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bodaly ◽  
T. W. D. Johnson ◽  
R. J. P. Fudge ◽  
J. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Market Quality ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
River Diversion ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) fishery of Southern Indian Lake (SIL) has undergone a general collapse since lake impoundment and Churchill River diversion in 1976. The fishery was substantial from its inception in 1941, with a mean annual whitefish catch of 333 500 kg over the 3 decades prior to lake impoundment. The whitefish catch prior to impoundment was composed almost exclusively (> 99%) of light colored, export (A) quality fish that were only lightly parasitized with the muscle cysts of Triaenophorus crassus. The market quality of the catch was maintained by selective fishing of certain lake basins and avoiding areas of the lake that were known to produce lower quality fish. Catch per unit of effort on traditional fishing grounds declined soon after impoundment to about one-half preflooding levels. Total catches were maintained at or near preimpoundment levels by major increases in total effort until 1982, when the whitefish catch fell to about one third of its preimpoundment mean. Fishermen also responded to declines in catch per unit of effort on traditional fishing grounds with a major geographic shift of effort into areas formerly avoided. As a result, darker colored, continental (B) quality whitefish comprised from 12 to 72% of the summer catch in the 4 yr following impoundment. Dark whitefish are less marketable because of color and because of higher rates of Triaenophorus infestation. The mean Triaenophorus cyst count in shipments has increased markedly since impoundment and the lake was reclassified from export (A) to continental (B) classification in 1982. Catch declines on traditional fishing grounds apparently reflect the emigration of fish to other SIL basins and/or to adjoining water bodies. Prior to lake impoundment, there were significant differences in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase allele frequencies from whitefish samples taken from four basins of SIL and an adjacent unconnected lake, but these differences were absent after impoundment. It is hypothesized that these stock redistributions were triggered by physical changes in SIL after lake impoundment.

Allelic Variability in Species and Stocks of Lake Superior Ciscoes (Coregoninae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1808-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Mating Population ◽  
Allelic Variability ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Do So

Starch gel electrophoresis was used as a means of recognizing species and stocks in Lake Superior Coregonus. Allelic variability at isocitrate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase loci was recorded for samples of lake herring (Coregonus artedii), bloater (C. hoyi), kiyi (C. kiyi), and shortjaw cisco (C. zenithicus) from five Lake Superior localities. The observed frequencies of genotypes within each subsample did not differ significantly from those expected on the basis of random mating, and suggested that each subsample represented either a random sample from a larger randomly mating population or an independent and isolated subpopulation within which mating was random. Significant contingency χ2 values for comparisons between both localities and species suggested that more than one randomly mating population occurred among the Lake Superior ciscoes, but did not reveal how many such populations there were. In contrast to the genetic results of this study, morphology seems to be a better descriptor of cisco stocks, and identification of cisco stocks and species will still have to be based on morphological criteria until more data are forthcoming. Where several species are sympatric, management should strive to preserve the least abundant. Failure to do so could result in the extinction or depletion of the rarer forms.Key words: Coregonus, electrophoresis, genetic heterogeneity, speciation, Great Lakes

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