Smolt Transformation and Seaward Migration in 0-Age Progeny of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Matured Early with Photoperiod Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zaugg ◽  
J. E. Bodle ◽  
J. E. Manning ◽  
E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Photoperiod Control

Maturation of hatchery-held adult spring-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was accelerated by decreasing photoperiods. Spawning occurred 1 mo earlier than with nontreated fish. Because of early hatching, progeny from the photoperiod regulated adults were larger and exhibited signs of parr–smolt transformation such as changes in coloration and behavior, elevation of gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and active seaward migration at age 0, nearly 1 yr prior to usual releases of juveniles from normally spawned adults.

Can behavioral fish-guidance devices protect juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from entrainment into unscreened water-diversion pipes?

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1209-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Mussen ◽  
Oliver Patton ◽  
Dennis Cocherell ◽  
Ali Ercan ◽  
Hossein Bandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Large River ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish School ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
And Behavior

Entrainment through water-diversion structures is a major passage challenge for fishes in watersheds worldwide. Behavioral guidance devices may be effective in passing fish by diversion inlets, thereby decreasing entrainment without reducing water-diversion rates, but data on their effectiveness is limited. In California’s central valley, out-migrating Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a species at risk for entrainment through unscreened, small-scale water-diversion pipes. Therefore, we tested entrainment susceptibility and behavior of juvenile Chinook salmon in a large-river-simulation flume at a “river” velocity of 0.15 m·s–1 with a 0.46 m diameter pipe diverting water at 0.57 m3·s–1, during the day and night. Compared with control conditions (no fish deterrent devices present), mean fish entrainment increased by 61% (day) and 43% (night) when underwater strobe lights were active, decreased by 30% when using a metal vibrating (12 Hz) ring during the night, and was unaffected by velocity cap attachments. Fish entrainments started at water velocities of 0.8 m·s–1 and decreased by 54% from spring to summer, possibly resulting from decreased pipe-passage frequency and smaller fish-school sizes. Our findings suggest that substantial entrainment can occur if fish repeatedly pass within 1.5 m of active unscreened diversions, with an estimated 50% of fish lost after encountering 18 pipes in spring and 50 pipes in summer.

scholarly journals Egg size and emergence timing affect morphology and behavior in juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 778-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Cogliati ◽  
Julia R. Unrein ◽  
Heather A. Stewart ◽  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
And Behavior

Seaward Migration and Gill (Na+K)-ATPase Activity of Spring Chinook Salmon in an Artificial Stream

1981 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hart ◽  
Greg Concannon ◽  
C. A. Fustish ◽  
R. D. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Artificial Stream ◽  
Seaward Migration

scholarly journals Decoupling outmigration from marine survival indicates outsized influence of streamflow on cohort success for California’s Chinook salmon populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril J. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Productivity Indices ◽  
Marine Survival ◽  
Marine Productivity

Historically, marine survival estimates for salmon have been confounded with freshwater seaward migration (outmigration) survival. Telemetry studies have revealed low and variable survival during outmigration, suggesting marine mortality may not be the primary source of variability in cohort size as previously believed. Using a novel combination of tagging technologies, survival during these two life stages was decoupled over 5 years for Sacramento River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Outmigration survival ranged from 2.6% to 17%, and marine survival ranged from 4.2% to 22.8%. Influential environmental drivers in both life stages were also compared with smolt-to-adult ratios (SAR) for three Chinook salmon populations over 20 years. Streamflow during outmigration had higher correlation with SAR (r2 > 0.34) than two marine productivity indices (r2 < 0.08). The few SAR estimates that were poorly predicted by flow occurred during years with the lowest marine productivity, suggesting most interannual SAR fluctuations are explained by outmigration survival, but abnormally poor marine conditions also reduce SAR. The outsized influence of flow on SAR provides managers with a powerful mitigation tool in a watershed where flow is tightly regulated.

Copper Intoxication in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Induced by Natural Springwater: Effects on Gill Na+, K+-ATPase, Hematocrit, and Plasma Glucose

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Beckman ◽  
Waldo S. Zaugg
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Copper Intoxication ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) parr and smolts were exposed to natural springwater with an elevated copper concentration. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in parr was unaffected by 18 h of exposure, while significant inhibition was found in smolts. Under the same exposure conditions, significant increases in hematocrit and plasma glucose were found in both parr and smolts. The results suggest that only the Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme associated with chloride cells in the gill of smolts is susceptible to inhibition by copper, thus explaining the lack of enzyme inhibition found in parr.

Variability in Agonistic Behaviour and Salinity Tolerance between and within Two Populations of Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, with Contrasting Life Histories

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Two Populations

Agonistic behaviour and salinity tolerance were investigated in eight families of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from two populations in the Nanaimo River, British Columbia. From emergence to 3 mo, there were small differences in agonistic behaviour among families within populations, but "First Lake" chinook had strikingly higher levels of agonistic behaviour than salmon from the "lower Nanaimo" population. Lower Nanaimo chinook were larger, lost less weight, and had higher survival after 24 h in 20 ppt and 30 ppt seawater than First Lake salmon. Within populations, families of larger than average size tended to perform better in seawater than families of smaller size. At a common body size, salinity tolerance was similar in salmon from the two populations, but significant differences among families within populations suggest that families may differ in factors other than size that influence salinity tolerance. It was concluded that the greater agonistic behaviour of First Lake chinook has a genetic basic and is related to their longer period of territorial stream residence before seaward migration. By contrast, the two populations exhibited only small differences in salinity tolerance, but significant interfamily variation illustrates the importance of considering family effects in studies of interpopulation differentiation.

Influence of Size, Growth Rate, and Photoperiod on Cyclic Changes in Gill (Na + K)–ATPase Activity in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ewing ◽  
H. J. Pribble ◽  
S. L. Johnson ◽  
C. A. Fustish ◽  
J. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (Rogue River stock) were reared in constant 8 °C well water under artificial lighting with photoperiods adjusted to Medford, Oregon. Juveniles were divided into six groups according to the amount of food provided. Growth (change in fork length per day) was linear from July through December for all six groups. Three distinct patterns of gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity were observed in these groups. In the two groups fed the largest rations, a peak in activity in October was observed with a smaller peak in July. Fish fed the smallest rations showed no increase in gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity throughout the year. At intermediate rations, there was a small peak in July but no peak in October. A growth rate of less than 0.027 cm/d appeared to suppress the October peak in gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity. Fish with higher growth rates showed peaks in activity in either October or NovemberKey words: chinook salmon, (Na + K)–ATPase, growth, photoperiod, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Gill (Na + K)–ATPase Activity in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ewing ◽  
S. L. Johnson ◽  
H. J. Pribble ◽  
J. A. Lichatowich
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Response To Water

Juvenile Rogue River spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared at two temperatures and photoperiods for a 2-yr period were examined for cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)–ATPase specific activity. Three peaks in activity were observed: a peak in October of the first year, a second higher peak the following May, and a peak in October of the second year. Exposure to photoperiods artificially advanced 3 mo (July–October) suppressed the October peak during the first year, but did not greatly alter the subsequent two peaks in activity. The temperature at which the fish were reared did not directly affect the changes in enzyme activity. However, growth rates varied in response to water temperature. Altered growth rates resulted in differences in the cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)-activated ATPase activity in the two temperature groups. A threshold of 8 cm was suggested as the minimal size at which the fish could respond to the appropriate photoperiod by altering the gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity. Key words: (Na + K)–ATPase, chinook salmon, temperature, photoperiod, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document