Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Gill (Na + K)–ATPase Activity in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ewing ◽  
S. L. Johnson ◽  
H. J. Pribble ◽  
J. A. Lichatowich
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Response To Water

Juvenile Rogue River spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) reared at two temperatures and photoperiods for a 2-yr period were examined for cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)–ATPase specific activity. Three peaks in activity were observed: a peak in October of the first year, a second higher peak the following May, and a peak in October of the second year. Exposure to photoperiods artificially advanced 3 mo (July–October) suppressed the October peak during the first year, but did not greatly alter the subsequent two peaks in activity. The temperature at which the fish were reared did not directly affect the changes in enzyme activity. However, growth rates varied in response to water temperature. Altered growth rates resulted in differences in the cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)-activated ATPase activity in the two temperature groups. A threshold of 8 cm was suggested as the minimal size at which the fish could respond to the appropriate photoperiod by altering the gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity. Key words: (Na + K)–ATPase, chinook salmon, temperature, photoperiod, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

Influence of Size, Growth Rate, and Photoperiod on Cyclic Changes in Gill (Na + K)–ATPase Activity in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ewing ◽  
H. J. Pribble ◽  
S. L. Johnson ◽  
C. A. Fustish ◽  
J. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (Rogue River stock) were reared in constant 8 °C well water under artificial lighting with photoperiods adjusted to Medford, Oregon. Juveniles were divided into six groups according to the amount of food provided. Growth (change in fork length per day) was linear from July through December for all six groups. Three distinct patterns of gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity were observed in these groups. In the two groups fed the largest rations, a peak in activity in October was observed with a smaller peak in July. Fish fed the smallest rations showed no increase in gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity throughout the year. At intermediate rations, there was a small peak in July but no peak in October. A growth rate of less than 0.027 cm/d appeared to suppress the October peak in gill (Na + K)–ATPase activity. Fish with higher growth rates showed peaks in activity in either October or NovemberKey words: chinook salmon, (Na + K)–ATPase, growth, photoperiod, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

scholarly journals Managed Wetlands Can Benefit Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Tidal Marsh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Aha ◽  
Peter B. Moyle ◽  
Nann A. Fangue ◽  
Andrew L. Rypel ◽  
John R. Durand
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nursery Habitat ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

AbstractLoss of estuarine and coastal habitats worldwide has reduced nursery habitat and function for diverse fishes, including juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Underutilized off-channel habitats such as flooded rice fields and managed ponds present opportunities for improving rearing conditions and increasing habitat diversity along migratory corridors. While experiments in rice fields have shown enhanced growth rates of juvenile fishes, managed ponds are less studied. To evaluate the potential of these ponds as a nursery habitat, juvenile Chinook salmon (~ 2.8 g, 63 mm FL) were reared in cages in four contrasting locations within Suisun Marsh, a large wetland in the San Francisco Estuary. The locations included a natural tidal slough, a leveed tidal slough, and the inlet and outlet of a tidally muted managed pond established for waterfowl hunting. Fish growth rates differed significantly among locations, with the fastest growth occurring near the outlet in the managed pond. High zooplankton biomass at the managed pond outlet was the best correlate of salmon growth. Water temperatures in the managed pond were also cooler and less variable compared to sloughs, reducing thermal stress. The stress of low dissolved oxygen concentrations within the managed pond was likely mediated by high concentrations of zooplankton and favorable temperatures. Our findings suggest that muted tidal habitats in the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere could be managed to promote growth and survival of juvenile salmon and other native fishes.

Predator–Prey Relationships for Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Feeding on Zooplankton in "in situ" Enclosures

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl K. English
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Successful Search ◽  
Juvenile Chinook

Juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were raised in 90-m3 mesh enclosures in Saanich Inlet, B.C. The enclosures permitted ample water and zooplankton circulation while retaining 5–6 g juvenile salmon. Mean growth rate was 1.8% wet body weight/d over 6 wk. Weekly growth rates ranged from 3.9%/d while food was abundant, to −0.5%/d when food was scarce. Zooplankton concentration inside and outside enclosures without fish were not significantly different. Organisms associated with the sides of the enclosures (non-pelagic) were not a major contributor to the growth of the juvenile chinook. There was a strong relationship between the fish growth rates and the abundance of 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. Rates of successful search varied directly with the size and inherent contrast of a prey item. The minimum rate of successful search was 2.3 m3/h for salmon feeding on 1.4- to 4.5-mm zooplankton. This rate of successful search, while far greater than previously suspected, is still within the visual capabilities of the juvenile salmon. The enclosed salmon grew rapidly on zooplankton concentrations that were 1/1000 of those required to sustain similar growth rates in tank experiments.Key words: predator–prey relationship, planktivorous salmonid, marine, "in situ" enclosures, search efficiency

Smolt Transformation and Seaward Migration in 0-Age Progeny of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Matured Early with Photoperiod Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zaugg ◽  
J. E. Bodle ◽  
J. E. Manning ◽  
E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Photoperiod Control

Maturation of hatchery-held adult spring-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was accelerated by decreasing photoperiods. Spawning occurred 1 mo earlier than with nontreated fish. Because of early hatching, progeny from the photoperiod regulated adults were larger and exhibited signs of parr–smolt transformation such as changes in coloration and behavior, elevation of gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and active seaward migration at age 0, nearly 1 yr prior to usual releases of juveniles from normally spawned adults.

scholarly journals Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Egg Survival during Jar and Tray Incubation at a Production Hatchery

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Wipf ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Patrick A. Nero ◽  
Jill Voorhees
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
First Year ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Second Year

This study compared the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha eggs incubated in either upwelling jars, either with or without daily formalin treatments, or vertically-stacked trays treated daily with formalin in a production hatchery. In the first year of the study, survival to the eyed-egg stage was significantly greater in eggs incubated in jars without formalin compared to trays, but there was no significant difference in survival to hatch between the treatments. In the second year, there were no significant differences in eggs incubated in trays, in jars without formalin treatments, and in jars with formalin treatments. In the final year, there was no significant difference in eyed-egg survival between eggs incubated in trays and jars without formalin, but survival to hatch was significantly greater in the eggs incubated in jars. Jar incubation is recommended to maximize the survival of landlocked fall Chinook salmon eggs.

Copper Intoxication in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Induced by Natural Springwater: Effects on Gill Na+, K+-ATPase, Hematocrit, and Plasma Glucose

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Beckman ◽  
Waldo S. Zaugg
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Copper Intoxication ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) parr and smolts were exposed to natural springwater with an elevated copper concentration. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in parr was unaffected by 18 h of exposure, while significant inhibition was found in smolts. Under the same exposure conditions, significant increases in hematocrit and plasma glucose were found in both parr and smolts. The results suggest that only the Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme associated with chloride cells in the gill of smolts is susceptible to inhibition by copper, thus explaining the lack of enzyme inhibition found in parr.

Survival of Puget Sound chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in response to climate-induced competition with pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1756-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T Ruggerone ◽  
Frederick A Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Delayed Maturation

We tested for competition between pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) originating from rivers in the Puget Sound area using coded-wire-tagged subyearling hatchery chinook salmon. Following a 2-year life cycle, many juvenile pink salmon enter Puget Sound in even-numbered years, whereas few migrate during odd-numbered years. During 1984–1997, juvenile chinook salmon released during even-numbered years experienced 59% lower survival than those released during odd-numbered years, a trend consistent among 13 chinook salmon stocks. Lower even-numbered-year survival of chinook salmon was associated with reduced first-year growth and survival and delayed maturation. In contrast, chinook salmon released into coastal streams, where few pink salmon occur, did not exhibit an alternating-year pattern of survival, suggesting that the interaction occurred within Puget Sound and the lower Strait of Georgia. Unexpectedly, the survival pattern of Puget Sound chinook salmon was reversed prior to the 1982–1983 El Niño: chinook salmon survival was higher when they migrated with juvenile pink salmon during 1972–1983. We hypothesize that chinook salmon survival changed as a result of a shift from predation- to competition-based mortality in response to recent declines in predator and prey abundances and increases in pink salmon abundance. Alternating-year mortality accounted for most of the 50% decline in marine survival of chinook salmon between 1972–1983 and 1984–1997.

Physiological Changes during Seaward Migration of Wild Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Rodgers ◽  
Richard D. Ewing ◽  
James D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Fish Gill ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Peaks in migration of wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from Knowles Creek (Siuslaw River, Oregon) occurred in November and May. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than migrants or captives throughout the study. Skin guanine levels of migrant fish rose sharply during the first 2 wk of April and continued to rise through June. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase specific activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a maximum in June. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity of migrants and nonmigrants was low and not significantly different during November to mid-March. During April, however, gill ATPase activity of migrants rose to become significantly higher than that of nonmigrants until the first 2 wk of May. Cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity was not observed in these fish. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity of fish reared in a laboratory was similar to that of wild nonmigrants until it peaked during the last 2 wk of April, after which the specific activity was lower than either migrants or nonmigrants.

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