Precision Micrometer Measurement of Mouth Gape of Larval Fish

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1786-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Arts ◽  
D. O. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Lake Herring

A precision micrometer device is described which standardizes measurement of mouth gape of larval fish and provides a greater degree of accuracy and speed than the conventional manual method. We compared gape measurements of larval lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and lake herring (Coregonus artedii) using the gape micrometer versus the manual method. The micrometer measurements revealed a greater increase in gape with body length and resulted in a greater proportion of the variance in gape being explained, indicating that the gape micrometer is more sensitive and accurate than the manual method. Coefficient of variation of gape measurements on 238 larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) decreased with body size from 0.5–4.0% at 0.8–1.2 cm standard length to 0.2–0.5% at 3.0 cm. The device has the added advantage that it could be adapted to connect to a microcomputer for direct data capture.

scholarly journals Match–Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
David W. Willis ◽  
Richard S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Abstract Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's α. In addition, we investigated potential match–mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match–mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation.

Effect of Acclimation Temperature and Heat Shock on Vulnerability of Fry of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) to Predation

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1503-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Yocom ◽  
Thomas A. Edsall
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Attack Data

Fry of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) acclimated to 10, 15, and 18 C were exposed to temperatures of 24.5, 25, and 28 C for 1 min and then immediately returned to water at their acclimation temperature, in test tanks containing yearling yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The number of attacks on the fry and the number captured and eaten in 30 min were recorded in separate tests of shocked and unshocked (control) whitefish.Significantly more whitefish were captured per attack (data for shocked and unshocked fry combined) at 15 and 18 C than at 10 C; and shocked fry were significantly more vulnerable to capture by the perch than were unshocked controls.

Suitability of Vertical Slot and Denil Fishways for Passing North-Temperate, Nonsalmonid Fish

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1815-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schwalme ◽  
William C. Mackay ◽  
Dieter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Longnose Sucker

A vertical slot fishway and two Denil fishways (of 10 and 20% slope) built into a weir on the Lesser Slave River (55°18′N, 115°45′W) were studied from May 12 to June 25, 1984, to determine how effectively these designs pass north-temperate, nonsalmonid fishes. Thousands of spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), substantial numbers (> 100) of northern pike (Esox lucius), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), immature yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and lesser numbers of burbot (Lota lota), adult yellow perch, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) ascended the fishways. Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and goldeye (Hiodon alosoides), although probably moving extensively through the river, did not use the fishways. Although high water levels allowed most fish to surmount the weir, of those that chose the fishway, pike strongly preferred to ascend the Denil fishways and the two sucker species preferred to ascend the vertical slot. Therefore, a combination of several different fishways may be required for the most efficient passage of a wide variety of species. Plasma glucose and lactate measurements on pike revealed that ascending the Denil fishways was only moderately stressful for these fish.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Gary L Fahnenstiel ◽  
Thomas H Johengen ◽  
Thomas F Nalepa ◽  
Henry A Vanderploeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis

Herein, we document changes in the Lake Michigan food web between 1970 and 2000 and identify the factors responsible for these changes. Control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) populations in Lake Michigan, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, had profound effects on the food web. Recoveries of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and burbot (Lota lota) populations, as well as the buildup of salmonine populations, were attributable, at least in part, to sea lamprey control. Based on our analyses, predation by salmonines was primarily responsible for the reduction in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s. In turn, the decrease in alewife abundance likely contributed to recoveries of deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and burbot populations during the 1970s and 1980s. Decrease in the abundance of all three dominant benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including Diporeia, oligochaetes, and sphaeriids, during the 1980s in nearshore waters ([Formula: see text]50 m deep) of Lake Michigan, was attributable to a decrease in primary production linked to a decline in phosphorus loadings. Continued decrease in Diporeia abundance during the 1990s was associated with the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion, but specific mechanisms for zebra mussels affecting Diporeia abundance remain unidentified.

Predicting the Vertical Distribution of Fish Populations: Analysis of Cisco, Coregonus artedii, and Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars G. Rudstam ◽  
John J. Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

We develop a model based on fish behavior in temperature and oxygen gradients that yields quantitative predictions of the vertical distribution of a fish population throughout the water column. The model was tested against observed vertical distributions of cisco, Coregonus artedii, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in 1981 and 1982 from five Wisconsin lakes. In some cases, the model seemed adequate for cisco, but in most cases, they occupied a temperature lower than their final preferendum. Occupation of lower temperature is consistent with a response to less than ad libitum food rations expected in these oligotrophy to mesotrophic lakes. In Lake Mendota, which is eutrophic with an anaerobic hypolimnion, cisco occupied temperatures higher than predicted by the model. For perch distributions, avoidance of high light intensities appears important. We did not observe effects of interspecific segregation between cisco and perch in their vertical distributions beyond that expected from differences in their preferred temperatures. Deviations of actual distributions from predictions of our relatively simplistic two-factor model can be used to help identify and evaluate other important physical and biotic factors influencing vertical distributions.

Ontogenetic Changes in Prey Selection and Visual Acuity of the Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Wahl ◽  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
William N. McFarland ◽  
Joseph S. DeGisi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Oneida Lake ◽  
Visual Improvement ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Age-0 yellow perch, Perca flavescens, shift from pelagic to demersal waters of Oneida Lake, New York, between late June to mid-July, when they reach standard lengths of 24–31 mm. The timing of this habitat shift coincides with the size range over which yellow perch achieve a degree of visual resolution that nearly equals that of adult yellow perch, from 174 min of arc in newly hatched larvae to 9–12 min in adults. This visual improvement is reflected in the yellow perch's diet, which consists of an increasingly wider range of prey sizes and types. If twin cones are counted as functionally separate photoreceptors, there is a significant improvement of the calculated visual acuity in larval fish with lenses < 1 mm in diameter but not in older fish with larger lenses. During its rapid growth phase the most optimistic calculation of visual acuity in a young yellow perch is insufficient to explain the feeding success necessary at this time. We suggest therefore that young yellow perch spend more time in search of prey than their adult counterparts.

Size Selection of Daphnia pulicaria by Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Fry in West Blue Lake, Manitoba

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1761-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wong ◽  
F. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Daphnia Pulicaria ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Prior to mid-July, Daphnia pulicaria in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) fry stomachs were smaller than those in plankton collections but after this date mean lengths of D. pulicaria in stomachs and collections were similar indicating an initial selection for small D. pulicaria by the fish. The relation between D. pulicaria body depth and perch mouth gape width indicated that perch fry less than 18 mm long, a length attained in mid-July, could not readily ingest D. pulicaria with body depths greater than 0.7 mm (1.3 mm long). The heterogenic relation between growth in mouth and body size enabled perch fry in West Blue Lake to quickly utilize, as an energy source, the abundant D. pulicaria population.

Daily Ration of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) from Lake Memphremagog, Quebec–Vermont, with a Comparison of Methods for In Situ Determinations

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1597-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Nakashima ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Daily Ration

In situ estimates of daily ration for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) range from a high of 5.5–6.7% body weight in July to a low of 2.2–2.4% body weight in October. The seasonal pattern corresponds well to known patterns of growth. Comparison of three methods for in situ determination of daily ration levels indicated the method outlined here and the more complex method of Thorpe yield similar results. The method of Keast and Welsh and derivatives of this method which correct for digestion between sampling periods give unreliable values that are 50% below the other two and, in general, are below maintenance ration levels. Diet composition and feeding activity varied seasonally and with body size. Key words: body size relationships, diet composition, seasonality

Sexual Differentiation and Use of Hormones to Control Sex in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Malison ◽  
Terrence B. Kayes ◽  
Cody D. Best ◽  
Clyde H. Amundson ◽  
Bernard C. Wentworth
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Sex Inversion ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Morphological and histologial studies demonstrated that estrogens and androgens affect sexual differentiation and can be used to control the phenotypic sex of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Normal perch larvae of 5–10 mm total length (TL) had paired gonads with no sex-distinguishing features. In normal 16 mm TL perch, the gonads of females had fused into a single sac-shaped organ, while in males the gonads remained paired. Oogenesis had begun in most females of 35 mm TL. Spermatogenesis in males and vitellogenesis in females were first observed at 85 mm TL. Treatment (for 84 d) of perch (initially 20–35 mm TL) with estradiol-17β at 15–120 μg/g diet induced complete germ cell sex inversion in most males. Similar treatment with 17α-methyltestosterone at 1.5 to 60 μg/g diet induced spermatogenesis and the formation of ovotestes in females. Sperm collected from such ovotestes fertilized normal ova, and the resultant offspring were all female. Our findings indicate that in yellow perch: (1) differentiation of the somatic elements of the gonads precedes gametogenesis, (2) gametogenesis begins earlier in females than in males, (3) the attainment of a specific minimum body size (80–100 mm TL) is important to the initial onset of vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis, (4) both estrogens and androgens are probably involved in mediating sexual differentiation of germinal tissues and (5) females are the homogametic sex.

Temperature Tolerance of Young-of-the-Year Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Edsall ◽  
Donald V. Rottiers
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Coregonus Hoyi ◽  
Lake Herring

The ultimate upper lethal temperature of young-of-the-year lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, was 26.65 C; this value is closely similar to that reported for yearling bloaters, Coregonus hoyi (26.75 C) and young-of-the-year lake herring, Coregonus artedii (26.0 C).

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