Experimental Impoundments of Prespawning Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi): Effects of Feeding and Density on Maturation, Growth, and Proximate Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay ◽  
J. R. Brett ◽  
E. Bilinski ◽  
D. T. Smith ◽  
E. M. Donaldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Total Body

Approximately 3 mo before spawning, Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) were captured and transferred to experimental netpens and subjected to different holding conditions: high, medium, and low densities; with and without covers; and fed and not fed. Mortality during impoundment was low. There were no detectable effects of density or cover, but feeding accelerated spawning time and promoted gonadal growth. Fed fish had significantly higher somatic weights, gonad weights, and condition factors and significantly lower gonosomale indices than unfed fish. Water content increased in all fish from about 70%, at the beginning, to about 75% when the fish were ripe. Consequently, total body weight increased in all females, and somatic weight decreased, but the decrease was feast in the fed fish. No significant differences in the percentages of total protein and ash in the carcass were found during impoundment, but the levels of fat and free fatty acids showed a progressive decrease. Glycogen levels in the muscle and liver were higher in fed herring. Oocyte maturation was normal. Preovulatory atresia of vitellogenic oocytes was observed in all groups. Egg diameters of fed females were slightly larger than those of unfed fish. The evidence for winter feeding in Pacific herring is evaluated.

Results of the study on principles of brown adipose tissue deposits and characteristics of its fatty acids in pasture sheep lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ch Khorolmaa ◽  
Sh Demberel ◽  
B Battsetseg ◽  
G Gereltsetseg ◽  
S Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Body

Brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs accounts for 4.52% of total body weight, then during postpartum period it intensively decreases, reaching 1.5% after a week, and finally it is gradually adsorbed or replaced with white adipose tissue. Fatty acids composition of lamb brown adipose tissue includes 17 unsaturated fatty acids (53.23%) and 11 saturated ones (46.95%).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 38-42

Life History Characteristics, Reproductive Value, and Resilience of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s127-s139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Surplus Energy ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi

The energy supply available for growth and reproduction (surplus energy), fecundity, and egg size increase with female size in British Columbia stocks of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). Fecundity is directly proportional to body weight, whereas egg weight is a curvilinear function with a weight exponent of about 0.2. The reproductive rate, defined as the product of fecundity and egg weight, is, therefore, proportional to the 1.2 power of the body weight. In 1974, 1978, and 1980 the size-dependent fecundity and reproductive rates were remarkably constant among management divisions along the coast. There is no evidence at present that these rates respond significantly to natural variations in stock abundance or marine climate, in contrast, there were interannual and regional differences in surplus energy that appeared as differences in the growth rate. Cluster analysis of the average length at ages 3–7 indicated that herring returning to the same division to spawn were more alike than those between divisions. An approximate reproductive value was calculated for the Queen Charlotte Island stock from the foregoing information, assuming that the population was momentarily at equilibrium. For the suspected natural mortality rate (M = 0.45), the maximum reproductive value occurred quite late in the life span: between ages 9 and 10. in other stocks of Pacific and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus), with adequate time series, the growth rates and hence weight-at-age have increased by as much as 50% in response to a combination of fishing and adverse environmental changes which reduced population size. Concurrently the age at first maturity fell by as much as 2 yr. It is argued that the maximum growth response of a herring population roughly defines its ability to stabilize itself. If the maximum compensatory response is a 50% increase in weight at age, the population should be able to sustain an annual exploitation rate between 0.2 and 0.3. In principle, at this level of harvesting the population will be as resilient to a short run of unfavorable conditions as an unexploited stock

Reproductive Biology of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s111-s126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Spawning Time

Most British Columbia herring begin sexual maturation in the late summer and become sexually mature in the subsequent March or April. As they mature, most stocks migrate from summer feeding grounds to overwintering areas and then to shallow nearshore spawning areas. Also, newly recruited, sexually maturing fish join the adult spawning stocks, either on the summer or winter grounds. These events occur in an unpredictable environment. Consequently, reproduction in Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) may be viewed as a biological problem of maintaining synchrony and precision: specifically the synchronous maturation of (1) males and females and (2) the recruit spawners with the adult fish that have spawned in previous years. Biological precision is required to ensure that gametes are released at the correct place at the correct time. Further precision is required to achieve an appropriate balance between egg number and egg size, and then to control the density of eggs deposited on the bottom. The annual temperature regime is a vital regulator of these processes. Generally, the warmer the temperature, or lower the latitude, the earlier the maturation and spawning time. There are some notable exceptions that indicate local adaptation to other environmental cues. Also, experimental work indicates that food supply can affect the maturation rate. Intensities of egg depositions are generally similar among Pacific North American stocks, and indeed for many documented herring spawnings from Asian and European stocks. It has been shown that eggs in the middle of very thick spawns have lower survival so there is a selective advantage for biological mechanisms that ensure more even and lighter egg densities. This paper suggests that egg density in Pacific herring is controlled by a biological feedback mechanism involving milt concentration and hydrographic factors. Earlier spawners tend to be larger and there is a positive relationship between female size and egg size, a tendency consistent with other herring stocks and species. Size-adjusted fecundity, when compared among different regions and years, is strikingly uniform within British Columbia. On a broad geographic scale (California to Alaska), size-specific fecundity declines with latitude. Recent experimental work reveals that total egg number is higher at early stages of maturation and decreases as spawning time approaches. Presumably, this decrease reflects selective resorption of some developing oocytes, and probably occurs in response to available body energy. The duration and geographical variation in spawning time is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between Pacific herring and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus). Other aspects of reproductive biology have important management implications, particularly for (1) predicting recruitment, (2) deriving stock estimates from spawn surveys, and (3) managing fisheries.

Biological Basis of Maturation and Spawning Waves in Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1776-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware ◽  
R. W. Tanasichuk
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Timing Of Spawning

Maturation rates (measured as the change in the gonosomatic index (GSI) with time) over the last month of the annual maturation cycle were estimated for male and female herring in British Columbia, between 1982–87. The data were analyzed to determine interannual and interregional differences in the maturation rate and its influence on spawning time. The data also indicated that in some areas herring spawned in discrete waves — the largest fish tended to spawn first and the smaller fish in subsequent waves. Each spawning wave lasted about 5–6 d and the interwave interval varied from 8–26 d in the Strait of Georgia. General equations were developed to describe gonadal growth over the entire maturation cycle. These equations accounted for the observed differences in: (1) the maturation rates between the sexes (males initially mature faster), (2) the interregional and interannual variation in the timing of spawning (herring tend to spawn later at higher latitudes, and earlier than normal when its warmer), and (3) provide an explanation for spawning waves. All of these phenomena derive from the fact that the instantaneous rate at which the gonad grows during the maturation cycle in both sexes depends on the weight of the fish, and the daily sea temperature.

Tidal Influence on Spawning Time of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Size Composition ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Tidal Influence ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Calendar Dates

Dates of over 17 000 records of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) spawns from 1951 to 1986 in British Columbia were examined by tidal or lunar phases. The frequency of spawns was significantly higher during neap tides following a new moon. The effect was greatest in spawning areas close to the open Pacific and least in the inside waters of the Strait of Georgia. The mechanism of tidal influence on spawning is uncertain but may involve inhibition of spawning during periods of strong spring tides corresponding to periods of full and new moons. An association between spawning time and tidal phases requires that the annual calendar dates of spawning times change between years. A tidal cycle (or a synodic month) is about 29.6 d, and 12 synodic mo equals 355.4 d, whereas a calendar year is about 365.2 d. Therefore, the dates of tidal phases, such as the springtide, are either about 10 d earlier or 5 d later relative to the previous year. Other possible consequences of tidal influence include the timing of spawning waves and differences in size composition and egg size between waves.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

Fixation Shrinkage of Herring Larvae: Effects of Salinity, Formalin Concentration, and Other Factors

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi

The most important factors affecting the degree of larval shrinkage of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) larvae during fixation are the salinity and formalin concentrations and initial larval size. In low formalin concentrations (2–5% formalin) shrinkage increased from less than 2% shrinkage at low salinities to about 10% shrinkage in seawater formalin. In high formalin concentrations (20–30% formalin) shrinkage was fairly uniform, ranging from about 3% shrinkage in low salinities to about 5% in seawater. Shrinkage in fixatives stored at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C was slightly higher (1–2%) at the higher temperatures. Buffering agents and starvation had no effect on shrinkage. Small, young larvae shrank relatively more than larger older larvae.Key words: herring larvae, fixation, shrinkage, formalin, salinity

Reproductive Steroids during Maturation in a Primitive Teleost, the Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi)

1996 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carolsfeld ◽  
A.P. Scott ◽  
P.M. Collins ◽  
N.M. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Reproductive Steroids
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document