Variation in Agonistic Behavior between Newly Emerged Juveniles from Hatchery and Wild Populations of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Swain ◽  
B. E. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Aggressive Display ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stimulation Tests

We compared agonistic behavior of newly emerged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) between hatchery and wild populations using mirror image stimulation tests. We used hatchery populations from two different regions of Vancouver Island B.C., each matched with a wild population from its region. In both comparisons, hatchery juveniles were more aggressive than wild juveniles. Rates of aggressive display increased with time since emergence for both hatchery and wild fish, as did the differences in behavior between the two types. By the sixth day of observation (13 d postemergence), the overall effect of fish type was highly significant for all aggressive behaviours. Since the individuals compared were reared from eggs under identical conditions, these differences are presumably genetic. Comparisons involved relatively few families from each population. However, because heritability was moderate to low within populations, and variance between population types exceeded variance among families within populations, these results indicate real differences at the population level. These results may have important implications for programs to rebuild wild populations using hatchery transplants and for selective breeding programs to develop domestic stocks of coho.

Social interactions of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts in seawater

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2401-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski ◽  
Bori L. Olla
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Free Ranging

The behavior of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts was examined under laboratory conditions to determine if the hierarchical–territorial social system characteristic of this species in freshwater persisted in seawater. When held in groups of two to eight fish, hatchery-reared, accelerated underyearling smolts formed hierarchies controlled by a single dominant who was responsible for most of the observed movement, chases, and feeding. Agonistic behavior also occurred within pairs of recently smolted fingerlings from two hatchery stocks with different rearing histories and in groups containing free-ranging fish captured off the Oregon coast. Possible relationships between the observed social behavior and marine distribution patterns of juvenile coho salmon are discussed.

Mirror-Elicited Agonistic Behaviour and Body Morphology as Predictors of Dominance Status in Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Blair Holtby ◽  
Douglas P. Swain ◽  
G. Michael Allan
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Body Morphology ◽  
Eventual Dominance

We tested whether body morphology and aggressive behaviour, measured through mirror image stimulation (MIS), could predict the eventual dominance status of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) tested in paired contests and in stream tank interactions with several individuals. Dominance in paired contests was predicted by MIS behaviour on the fifth observation day using newly emerged juveniles and by MSS behaviour on the first observation day using 7-wk-old juveniles. In both.w420020 dstrials, deeper bodied fish tended to be dominant. In the stream tank tests, the MIS behaviour SAM (swim-against-mirror) and fork length were the best predictors of dominance. Large fish with high levels of SAM tended to be dominant. After removing the effects of fish size, neither body depth nor fin size consistently predicted dominance ability. SAM was positively correlated with overt aggressive behaviours in stream tanks but not with lateral displays, juvenile coho salmon appeared to react to conspecifics and to their own mirror images in a quantitatively similar way, and both MIS behaviour and body morphology were significant predictors of the outcome of agonistic interactions among individuals.

Assessing genetic diversity of protected coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations in California

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Bucklin ◽  
Michael A Banks ◽  
Dennis Hedgecock
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers

California coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are under legal protection owing to significant declines in abundance over the last decades. Previously, California coho salmon were characterized as having low genetic diversity and weak population subdivision, attributable potentially to homogenization by out-of-basin hatchery releases. Here, diversity at seven highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers is assessed within and among 32 collections of coho salmon from 16 California watersheds. In 71% of local populations, genotypic composition deviates significantly from that expected under the assumption of random mating. We develop and apply methods to adjust for two potential causes of deviation from random mating expectations: (i) Wahlund effects, owing to heterogeneous collections of individuals, and (ii) the "Allendorf–Phelp's effect", owing to closely related juveniles in samples. Such population-level "adjustments" reduce within-region and increase among-region variance; after adjustment, we find strong concordance of genetic and geographic distances. We conclude that stock transfers have had minimal impact on population structure and that California coho salmon populations likely comprise small numbers of endemic breeders, potentially experiencing high levels of genetic drift and inbreeding.

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) ocean migration patterns: insight from marine coded-wire tag recoveries

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Weitkamp ◽  
Kathleen Neely
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Specific Distribution

We investigated geographic variation in the ocean migration of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by examining recovery locations of 1.77 million coded-wire tagged fish from 90 hatcheries and 36 wild populations along the west coast of North America. Principal component, cluster, and similarity analyses were used to reveal both large- and small-scale variation in marine recovery patterns. We identified 12 distinct ocean distribution patterns, each associated with a particular geographic region. Despite these distinct patterns, however, fish from a given population were widely dispersed in the coastal ocean. Recovery patterns for tagged wild populations were consistent with those of hatchery populations from the same region, suggesting that marine distributions based on hatchery populations are reasonable proxies for distributions of wild populations. These region-specific distribution patterns suggest unappreciated life history diversity for coho salmon in the marine environment. When combined with region-specific adult size variation, they suggest migratory differences earlier in the ocean residence period as well. These results provide a novel framework with which to view geographic variation in salmon ocean ecology, conservation, and management.

The influence of hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on the productivity of wild coho salmon populations in Oregon coastal basins

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Nickelson
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Coastal Basins ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Coastal River ◽  
Release Strategy

To aid in the recovery of depressed wild salmon populations, the operation of hatcheries must be changed to reduce interactions of juvenile hatchery fish with wild fish. Evidence suggests that productivity of wild populations can be reduced by the presence of large numbers of hatchery smolts in lower rivers and estuaries that attract predators. An index of productivity based on the density-independent rate of reproduction of wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in 12 Oregon coastal river basins and two lake basins was negatively correlated with the average number of hatchery coho salmon smolts released in each basin. The index of productivity was not significantly correlated with the average proportion of hatchery coho salmon in each naturally spawning population or with habitat quality. Alterations to hatchery programs that could encourage recovery of wild populations include (i) avoiding release of large numbers of smolts in areas with high concentrations of wild fish, (ii) decreasing the number of smolts released, and (iii) using a volitional release strategy or a strategy that employs smaller release groups spread temporally.

scholarly journals Detection of selection signatures in farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) using dense genome-wide information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. López ◽  
M.I. Cádiz ◽  
E.B. Rondeau ◽  
B.F. Koop ◽  
J.M. Yáñez
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Signatures Of Selection

AbstractAnimal domestication and artificial selection give rise to gradual changes at the genomic level in populations. Subsequent footprints of selection known as selection signatures or selective sweeps have been traced in the genomes of many animal livestock species by exploiting variations in linkage disequilibrium patterns and/or reduction of genetic diversity.Domestication of most aquatic species is recent in comparison with land animals, and salmonids are one of the most important fish species in aquaculture. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cultivated primarily in Chile, has been subject to breeding programs to improve growth, disease resistance traits, and flesh color. This study aimed to identify selection signatures that may be involved in adaptation to culture conditions and traits of productive interest. To do so, individuals of two domestic populations cultured in Chile were genotyped with 200 thousand SNPs, and analyses were conducted using iHS, XP-EHH and CLR. Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across both populations. Some of the identified regions under selection contained genes such anapc2, alad, chp2 and myn that have been previously associated with body weight in Atlantic salmon or sec24d and robo1 that have been associated with disease resistance to Piscirickettsia salmonis in coho salmon. Findings in our study can contribute to an integrated genome-wide map of selection signatures, to help identify the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in coho salmon.

Use of Hatchery Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Presmolts to Rebuild Wild Populations in Oregon Coastal Streams

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2443-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Nickelson ◽  
Mario F. Solazzi ◽  
Steven L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Pool Surface ◽  
Coastal Streams

We evaluated the effectiveness of using hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) presmolts to rebuild wild populations in Oregon coastal streams. Juvenile and adult populations were monitored in 15 stocked and 15 unstocked streams from summer 1980 until summer 1985. During the summers following the planting of presmolts, the number of juveniles per square metre of pool surface area was higher in the stocked streams than in the unstocked streams. However, wild juveniles were significantly less abundant in the stocked streams during the 2 yr when density of wild juveniles was estimated separately from hatchery juveniles. Adult returns to the stocked streams were not significantly different from adult returns to the unstocked streams, but returns tended to be earlier in the stocked streams than in the unstocked streams. Despite similar numbers of adults per kilometre in the stocked streams and unstocked streams in the years the presmolts returned to spawn, the resulting densities of juveniles in the stocked streams were significantly lower than the densities of juveniles in the unstocked streams. We concluded that the early time of spawning of the hatchery coho salmon was largely responsible for their failure to rebuild the populations in the streams stocked with presmolts.

Morphological Differences between Hatchery and Wild Populations of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Environmental versus Genetic Origin

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Swain ◽  
B. E. Riddell ◽  
C. B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Median Fins

Previous studies have demonstrated morphological differences between hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of hatchery origin and wild-reared coho of wild origin. We tested for a genetic component to this divergence by comparing coho from hatchery and wild populations both reared in the same hatchery environment and for an environmental component by comparing hatchery- and wild-reared coho both of wild origin. As in the previous studies, wild-reared fish from wild populations had greater head dimensions, larger median fins, and deeper bodies than did hatchery-reared fish from hatchery populations. This difference, summarized by the first principal component (PC1) of the size-adjusted data, was related to rearing environment rather than to genetic differences between hatchery and wild populations. Genetic divergence (or maternal effects) did occur between hatchery and wild populations along PC2 and PC3, but this divergence was slight compared with the environmentally induced differences between the two types of fish along PC1.

Differences in Morphology and Behavior between Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Rearing in a Lake and in its Tributary Stream

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1406-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Swain ◽  
L. Blair Holtby
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Inlet Stream ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Lake Type ◽  
Total Behavior

Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rear both in Mesachie Lake, B.C., and in its inlet stream. The duration and frequency of aggressive behavior were greater among stream-rearing than lake-rearing juveniles in mirror image stimulation and stream tank tests of agonistic behavior. Lateral displays made up a higher proportion of total behavior among the stream-rearing fish compared with the lake-rearing fish. Lake-type fish had more posteriorly placed pectoral fins, shallower bodies and smaller, less brightly colored dorsal and anal fins than did stream-type fish, even after 2 mo of laboratory rearing in a common environment. Diminished aggression, a shift in aggressive behavior away from lateral displays, a more streamlined shape, and reduced coloration, all appear to be adaptations to a schooling lifestyle in the open waters of the lake.

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