Variability of Diel Vertical Migration in the Marine Planktonic Copepod Pseudocalanus newmani in Relation to Its Predators

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Frost ◽  
Stephen M. Bollens
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Ammodytes Hexapterus ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Vertical Distributions

We report results of a 3-yr field study of the vertical distributions and diel vertical migration (DVM) of Pseudocalanus newmani in the central basin of Dabob Bay, Washington, USA. Our results include two novel findings. First, a statistically significant relationship exists between strength of DVM in P. newmani and the potential predation impact of its planktonic invertebrate predators. Second, a strong "normal" DVM (up at night, down during the day), unique for P. newmani in 5 yr of sampling at this locale, occurred at a time when the zooplanktivorous fish Ammodytes hexapterus was unusually abundant and preying on the copepod; this DVM may have been induced by the fish. DVM behavior of P. newmani was highly variable, with changes in behavior commonly occurring on a time scale of weeks; in one case the copepod switched from a normal migration pattern to a reverse migration pattern (down at night, up during the day) in less than 5 wk. These observations, combined with those of previous research, indicate that P. newmani has an exceptionally diverse repertoire of migration behavior, any particular expression of which is most likely manifested by individual copepods exercising phenotypic behavioral plasticity in response to potential predation.

Seasonal changes in the diel vertical migration of Chaoborus punctipennis larval instars

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Emily Barth ◽  
W. Gary Sprules ◽  
Mathew Wells ◽  
Melissa Coman
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Acoustic Backscatter ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Chaoborus Punctipennis ◽  
Current Profiler

We describe a novel seasonal shift in the vertical migration behavior of Chaoborus punctipennis second-instar larvae in Lake Opeongo, Ontario. An upward-looking 600 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) moored at a fixed 22 m station in the lake recorded acoustic backscatter continuously during the study period. Zooplankton samples collected indicated that the abundance of C. punctipennis larval instars accounted for the greatest proportion of variance in the linear backscatter from the ADCP. The large fourth-instar larvae underwent normal diel vertical migration throughout the study. Smaller second-instar larvae underwent reverse migration during late June but switched to normal migration by late July. The acoustic record indicates that the switch occurred over a few days around late June, and at this time a double vertical migration appeared with the second instars leading and following the migration of fourth instars. We speculate that these changes in the migration of second instars are driven by seasonal shifts in predation risk from larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) and by the need to minimize spatial overlap with the larger fourth instars.

scholarly journals Experiments on the influence of Chaoborus brasiliensis Theobald, 1901 (Diptera: Chaoboridae) on the diel vertical migration of microcrustaceans from Lake Monte Alegre, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ. Minto ◽  
MS. Arcifa ◽  
A. Perticarrari
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of this work was to evaluate whether diel vertical migration of microcrustaceans from Lake Monte Alegre is related to invertebrate predators, namely larvae of Chaoborus brasiliensis. The hypothesis tested in the experiments was that the migratory behaviour of prey would depend on physical contact with Chaoborus brasiliensis larvae or with kairomones released by them. Two experiments were undertaken in the laboratory, with two treatments and three replicates each. Experiments were carried out in acrylic cylinders 1.5 m high and 0.20 m in diameter. Treatments in Experiment I were: A) predator and kairomones present and B) predator and kairomones present, but predator isolated in net tube inside the cylinder, having no physical contact with prey. Treatments in Experiment II were: A) predator and kairomones absent and B) the same as in experiment I. Physical and chemical factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity) and food (algae) did not influence vertical distribution of prey, as they were almost homogeneously distributed in the water column in both experiments; food concentrations were not limiting. Adult copepods (Tropocyclops prasinus meridionalis and Thermocyclops decipiens) showed reverse migration in the treatment B of both experiments; the cladoceran Daphnia gessneri migrated nocturnally in the treatment A of the Experiment I; vertical migration was undetectable for copepodites, as well as for Chaoborus larvae. The experiments indicated that Daphnia responded to physical contact with Chaoborus larvae but not to kairomones alone. Adult copepods seemed to be more sensitive to kairomones.

scholarly journals Diel vertical migration behavior of Calanus finmarchicus and its influence on right and sei whale occurrence

2011 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Baumgartner ◽  
NSJ Lysiak ◽  
C Schuman ◽  
J Urban-Rich ◽  
FW Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Migration Behavior

Changes in Light Intensity and Diel Vertical Migration: a Comparison of Marine and Freshwater Environments

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ringelberg
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Freshwater Environments

Proximate aspects of diel vertical migration in the freshwater and marine environment are compared using data from the literature. Examples of migrations in both environments are presented, from which it is concluded that relative changes in light intensity before sunrise and after sunset are primary causes of migrations. Experiments have shown that photoreactive behaviour is enhanced in the presence of predators but inhibited by shortage of food. These factors are called secondary causal factors. A hierarchy of causal factors is proposed. In lakes fish exudates suffice but in marine biotopes like bays, it is possible that fish have to be actually present for enhancement to take effect. To what extent the presented stimulus-response mechanism holds for mesopelagic animals in oceans is discussed on the basis of vertical distributions of euphausiids.

Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kehayias ◽  
Dimitris Kourouvakalis
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Diel Vertical Distribution

AbstractThis study investigates the diel vertical distribution and the diet of the most important chaetognath species found in the 0–50 m surface layer of a coastal area in the eastern Mediterranean during a 24-hour period in July 2004. Among the recorded chaetognaths, Sagitta enflata was the most abundant species (41.6%), followed by S. minima (32.5%) and S. serratodentata (20.8%). Those three species exhibited a “twilight migration” pattern, with only small differences among them. Vertical separation was found between S. enflata and S. minima. Both species preyed mainly on cladocerans, although copepods were the most abundant group in the zooplankton assemblage. The chaetognath species followed partially the diel vertical migration of their prey. S. enflata showed high feeding intensity at different times in both day and night, while S. minima fed more intensively at midday (12:00) and at dusk (20:00), and S. serratodentata in the morning (08:00). It seems that in order to coexist in an area of low productivity the chaetognath species follow the basic ecological rules of space, time and food-type separation, in order to reduce the inter- and intra-specific competition. The high preference of S. minima and especially of S. enflata for the cladocerans made them probably the most important predators of cladocerans during summer.

Diel vertical migration: A possible host-finding mechanism in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids?

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andreas Heuch ◽  
Aengus Parsons ◽  
Karin Boxaspen
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Salmon Louse ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The vertical distribution of pelagic nauplii and copepodids of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer was studied in large enclosures in the sea. Copepodids, which infect salmonid hosts, displayed a distinct diel vertical migration pattern. They gathered near the surface during the day, and spread out into deeper layers at night. Nauplii showed only small differences in depth between night and day. Copepodid distribution seems to be controlled by light intensity; no effect of either salinity or temperature was found. This migration pattern, which is the reverse of that of wild salmonids, may increase the number of parasite–host encounters as hosts will swim through populations of sinking (nighttime) and rising (dawn) parasites every 24 h. Because caged salmon feed at the surface during the day, they are likely to be more exposed to infective copepodids than wild fish.

Tidal Influence on the Diel Vertical Migration Pattern of Zooplankton in a Tropical Monsoonal Estuary

Wetlands ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vineetha ◽  
R. Jyothibabu ◽  
N. V. Madhu ◽  
K. K. Kusum ◽  
P. M. Sooria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Tidal Influence

Acoustic Analysis of Diel Vertical Migration Behavior of Mysis relicta and Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) within Okanagan Lake, British Columbia

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations

Dual-beam acoustic surveys of Okanagan Lake suggested active diel vertical migrations of Mysis relicta and kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) within the pelagic zone. Mysis relicta were situated between 90–150 m during the day and migrated upwards into the thermocline region of the water column at night. Two groups of kokanee targets were detected. The first undertook a diel vertical migration and coalesced at dusk with a second, shallow-oriented group of targets. Daytime target strength estimates taken while the two groups were vertically segregated in the water column suggested an 8–12 db lower target strength of the deeper group. The results provide acoustic evidence for a smaller body size in the deeper group and the occurrence of an ontogenetic shift in diel migratory behavior of kokanee within Okanagan Lake. Diel comparisons of depth distribution suggested spatial segregation of Mysis and kokanee over much of the diel cycle.

Migratory patterns, vertical distributions and diets of Abralia veranyi and Abraliopsis morisii (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae) in the eastern North Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airam Guerra-Marrero ◽  
Vicente Hernández-García ◽  
Airam Sarmiento-Lezcano ◽  
David Jiménez-Alvarado ◽  
Angelo Santana-del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Mantle Length ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Ontogenetic Shifts ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic

Abstract Abralia veranyi and Abraliopsis morisii were the most abundant cephalopods caught during epipelagic and mesopelagic surveys off the Canary Islands and accounted for 26% and 35% of the cephalopod catch, respectively. Diel vertical migration patterns were observed in both species. At night, A. veranyi was recorded at depths as shallow as 38–90 m, whereas Abraliopsis morisii occurred at depths of 98–219 m. As individuals grow in mantle length, their diet changes substantially. Abraliopsis morisii showed ontogenetic shifts at 22.9 mm and 35.3 mm dorsal mantle length (DML), while A. veranyi showed ontogenetic shifts at 20.5 mm and 30.9 mm DML. Prior to the first ontogenic shift, both species fed mainly on copepods and mysids. After this shift they fed on larger prey, such as decapods and fish; the diets of larger individuals also contained cephalopods.

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