Suspended Sediment Particles Inside Gills and Spleens of Juvenile Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Martens ◽  
James A. Servizi
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Sediment Particles ◽  
Laboratory Exposure

Intracellular sediment particles were observed in the gills of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) following laboratory exposure to Fraser River sediment. Gills of underyearling sockeye salmon (O. nerka), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and coho exposed to a natural suspended sediment in Cultus Lake hatchery water also contained intracellular mineral particles. Mineral particles were seen in both epithelial and underlying gill filamental cells, and it is believed that these particles were phagocytosed by the former. Intracellular sediment particles were also observed in spleens of some sediment-exposed fish. Electron microscopy was used to measure gill particle sizes and X-ray diffraction analysis to identify eight minerals and one metal in the gills of sockeye previously exposed to suspended sediment.

scholarly journals Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Irvine ◽  
Masa-aki Fukuwaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Trends

Abstract Irvine, J. R., and Fukuwaka, M. 2011. Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1122–1130. Understanding reasons for historical patterns in salmon abundance could help anticipate future climate-related changes. Recent salmon abundance in the northern North Pacific Ocean, as indexed by commercial catches, has been among the highest on record, with no indication of decline; the 2009 catch was the highest to date. Although the North Pacific Ocean continues to produce large quantities of Pacific salmon, temporal abundance patterns vary among species and areas. Currently, pink and chum salmon are very abundant overall and Chinook and coho salmon are less abundant than they were previously, whereas sockeye salmon abundance varies among areas. Analyses confirm climate-related shifts in abundance, associated with reported ecosystem regime shifts in approximately 1947, 1977, and 1989. We found little evidence to support a major shift after 1989. From 1990, generally favourable climate-related marine conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as expanding hatchery operations and improving hatchery technologies, are increasing abundances of chum and pink salmon. In the eastern North Pacific Ocean, climate-related changes are apparently playing a role in increasing chum and pink salmon abundances and declining numbers of coho and Chinook salmon.

Protandry in Pacific salmon

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Morbey
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Specific Timing

Protandry, the earlier arrival of males to the spawning grounds than females, has been reported in several studies of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). However, the reasons for protandry in salmon are poorly understood and little is known about how protandry varies among and within populations. In this study, protandry was quantified in a total of 105 years using gender-specific timing data from seven populations (one for pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), three for coho salmon (O. kisutch), two for sockeye salmon (O. nerka), and one for chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)). Using a novel statistical procedure, protandry was found to be significant in 90% of the years and in all populations. Protandry may be part of the males' strategy to maximize mating opportunities and may facilitate mate choice by females.

Effect of incubation temperature on the development of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) embryos and alevins

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Murray ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Embryo and alevin survival, time to hatching and emergence, and alevin and fry size of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) were observed at five incubation temperatures (2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 °C). No pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) or chum (O. keta) salmon embryos survived to hatching at 2 °C. Coho (O. kisutch) and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon had higher embryo survival at 2 °C than chinook (O. tschawytscha) salmon. At 14 °C, chum, pink, and chinook salmon had higher embryo survival than coho or sockeye salmon. In all species, peaks of embryo mortality occurred at specific developmental stages (completion of epiboly, eye pigmentation, and hatching). Alevin survival to emergence was high for all species, except for coho and pink salmon at 14 °C. Hatching and emergence time varied inversely with incubation temperature, but coho salmon hatched and emerged sooner at all temperatures than the other species. Coho and sockeye salmon alevins were larger at 2 °C, pink, chum, and chinook salmon alevins were larger at 5 and 8 °C. Coho salmon fry were larger at 2 °C, chinook and chum salmon fry were larger at 5 °C, and sockeye and pink salmon fry were larger at 8 °C. High incubation temperatures reduced fry size in all species. Each species of Pacific salmon appears to be adapted to different spawning times and temperatures, and thus indirectly to specific incubation temperatures, to ensure maximum survival and size and to maintain emergence at the most favorable time each year.

THE EFFECT OF TSH AND ANTITHYROID SUBSTANCES ON SALINITY PREFERENCE AND THYROID ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Baggerman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Sodium Thiocyanate ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Salinity Preference ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon

Underyearling coho salmon treated with TSH showed a change from fresh- to saltwater preference, which was correlated with an increase in thyroid activity (as measured by the amount of radioiodine taken up by the gland and the conversion ratio).Under-yearling pink salmon treated with thiourea showed a change from salt-to freshwater preference, which was accompanied by a decrease in thyroid activity. In this species treatment with thiouracil and sodium thiocyanate also induced a change from salt- to freshwater preference.It is concluded that the secretory activity of the thyroid gland is intimately involved in the induction of changes in salinity preference, which, in their turn, are closely associated with the onset and end of the migration season.

The Behaviour of Juvenile Pacific Salmon, with Particular Reference to the Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Persistent Response

Behaviour patterns of juvenile sockeye salmon in fresh water are compared with those of chum and coho salmon. Both sockeye and chum fry are schooling fish, responding positively to currents and avoiding shallow waters. Of the two species, chums, however, form more active schools, travel more rapidly, have a less marked cover reaction and prefer stronger light and shallower water. Sockeye smolts, in contrast to coho smolts, are more active, show little thigmotactic and territorial behaviour and a more persistent response to current. The experimental findings are discussed in relation to the migratory behaviour of these fish. It is suggested that sockeye fry, emerging from cover as the light intensity falls are displaced downstream after dark. Moderate activity and a marked preference for deep water are mechanisms postulated for continued residence of sockeye fry in lakes. Further it is suggested that the smolt exodus is due to heightened general activity, both day and night, associated with strong response to current. This brings sockeye smolts into the outflow from the lake where they hold position during the day but are displaced down the river after dark. Coho smolts, responding less vigorously to currents and maintaining a measure of contact with specific objects in their environment, move seaward more slowly than sockeye.

Downstream migrations of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a glacial transboundary river

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2837-2846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Murphy ◽  
K V Koski ◽  
J Mitchel Lorenz ◽  
John F Thedinga
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Delayed Entry ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Seventh Order ◽  
Juvenile Pacific Salmon

Migrations of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the glacial Taku River (seventh order) were studied to assess movement from upriver spawning areas (in British Columbia) into lower-river rearing areas (in Alaska). Differences between fyke-net catches in the river and seine catches in the river's estuary indicated that many downstream migrants remained in the lower river instead of migrating to sea. In particular, age-0 coho salmon (O. kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) moved downriver from May to November but were not caught in the estuary. Age-0 sockeye salmon (O. nerka), coho presmolts, and other groups delayed entry into the estuary after moving downriver. We tagged groups of juvenile coho (ages 0-2) from the fyke net with coded-wire to determine when they left the river. One-third of all tags recovered from sport and commercial fisheries occurred 2-3 years later, showing that many coho remained in fresh water for 1-2 years after moving to the lower river. Lower-river areas of large glacial rivers like the Taku River can provide essential rearing habitat for juvenile salmon spawned upriver and are important to consider in integrated whole-river management of transboundary rivers.

A Relationship between Fraser River Discharge and Interannual Production of Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in the Strait of Georgia

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2843-2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Beamish ◽  
Chrys-Ellen M. Neville ◽  
Barbara L. Thomson ◽  
Paul J. Harrison ◽  
Mike St. John
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Clupea Pallasi

We identified years of anomalously high and low discharge from the Fraser River and compared these years with indices of anomalously high and low production of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi). For chinook (O. tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch), we found that brood years that went to sea in a year when the Fraser River discharge was very high compared with the previous year virtually never had an index of production that was higher than the previous year. Similarly, brood years that went to sea in a year when the Fraser River discharge was very low compared with the previous year almost never had an index of productivity that was lower than the previous year. The analysis identified a weaker association between extreme discharge anomalies and chum salmon (O. keta) production. A close association was not found between extreme discharge anomalies and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), or herring production. The relationships identify a connection between annual fluctuations in river flow and production of some marine fishes and may be of use in forecasting abundance changes.

Review of the Rate of Growth and Mortality of Pacific Salmon in Salt Water, and Noncatch Mortality Caused by Fishing

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Time Of Year

Mortality (other than landed catch) caused by pelagic gillnetting is estimated to be equal to the catch, for salmon in their penultimate year of life, and equal to about a quarter of the catch for salmon in their final year of life. Mortality caused by trolling for coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) averages about one fish killed (mostly below legal size) for every two that are boated. The natural mortality rate for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) in their final year of life averages about 0.015 per mo and is somewhat more in earlier years of pelagic life; the greater part of natural mortality after the smolt stage occurs during the downstream migration and early months of "coastal" life. For coho and chinook the best natural mortality estimate for the last year of life is 0.013 per mo, and that for pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) is of the same order. Growth rates during the final growing season vary from 0.26 per mo for pink and coho salmon to 0.06 per mo for chinook in their 5th ocean yr. Gains from ceasing to take immature salmon on the high seas range up to 300% of the catch now being taken in that category, while for fish taken in their final year they range up to about 70%, depending on the time of year at which the fishing is done. Gains from transferring existing pelagic net fisheries to the coastal region would be 76% (North American sockeye) and 86% (Asian sockeye) of the weight of fish now caught pelagically. Gains in total yield of existing salmon fisheries (pelagic and coastal) are estimated as 78% for Asian pink salmon and 72% for Asian sockeye. The increase in weight of the total catch from discontinuing ocean trolling for Columbia River chinook salmon and increasing river fishing correspondingly is estimated tentatively as between 63 and 98%.

MUSCLE PROTEINS OF PACIFIC SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS): II. AN INVESTIGATION OF MUSCLE PROTEIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES SOLUBLE IN SALT SOLUTIONS OF LOW IONIC STRENGTH BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsuyuki ◽  
E. Roberts ◽  
R. E. A. Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Ophiodon Elongatus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

The muscle myogens and other components of the spring salmon (O. tshawytscha), chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), as well as the lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), were separated by the use of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose columns. Significant amounts of slowly dialyzable inosine and inosinic acid which may lead to spurious peaks in moving-boundary electrophoretic separations have been shown to be present in the muscle myogen preparations. The basic differences in the muscle myogen components of the Pacific salmon and the lingcod are compared.

scholarly journals Resources and fishery of Pacific salmon in Magadan region in the beginning of the 21st century

Trudy VNIRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
M. N. Gorokhov ◽  
V. V. Volobuev ◽  
I. S. Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Salmon Fishery

There are two main areas of pacific salmon fishing in the Magadan region: Shelikhova Gulf and Tauiskaya Bay. The main fishing species is pink salmon in the region. Its share of total salmon catch by odd-year returns reaches 85 %. Data on the dynamics of escapement to the spawning grounds of pink salmon of the Shelikhova Gulf and Tauiskaya Bay are presented. The displacement of the level of spawning returns of pink salmon into the Shelihova Gulf with the simultaneous reduction of its returns to the Tauiskaya Bay is shown. Data on the dynamics of the fishing indicators of pink salmon for the two main fishing areas are provided. The Tauiskaya Bay as the main pink salmon fishery area loses its importance is shown. Graphical data on the escapement of producers pink salmon to the spawning grounds are presented and the optimal values of spawning escapements are estimated. Chum salmon is the second largest and most fishing species. Information on the dynamics of the number of returns, catch and escapement to the spawning grounds of chum salmon is given. The indicators of escapement to the spawning areas and their compliance with the optimal passes of salmon producers are analyzed. The issues of the dynamics of returns number, catch and the escapement to the spawning grounds of coho salmon producers are considered. The level of the escapement to the spawning areas is shown and the ratio of actual to optimal values of passes is estimated. The role of coho salmon as an object of industrial fishing and amateur fishing is shown. The extent of fishing press on individual groups of salmon populations is discussed. It is concluded that it is necessary to remove the main salmon fishery from the Tauiskaya Bay to the Shelikhova Gulf.

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