Impaired cortisol secretion in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals: in vivo and in vitro assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C Brodeur ◽  
Graham Sherwood ◽  
Joseph B Rasmussen ◽  
Alice Hontela
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The characteristic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in response to an acute stress of capture was impaired in both male and female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals. The impairment of the cortisol stress response was observed in fish 4 + years and older whereas the capacity to elevate plasma cortisol levels of fish younger than 4 + was not significantly different at contaminated and reference sites. The responsiveness to ACTH of the interrenal tissue of 4 + yellow perch was evalutated in vitro to determine whether the impairment of the cortisol stress response is caused by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue or if the dysfunction is located elsewhere in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis controlling the secretion of cortisol. The amount of cortisol secreted by the interrenal tissue of yellow perch from a contaminated site in response to a 10-min stimulation with 10-7 M ACTH was significantly lower compared with fish from the reference site. These results indicate that the impairment of the cortisol stress response observed in fish from polluted sites is caused, at least in part, by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue.

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR STIMULATES IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO SECRETION OF CORTISOL IN TELEOSTS

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. R17-R20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Arnold-Reed ◽  
R.J. Balment
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

ABSTRACT Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been shown to increase circulating cortisol levels in cannulated, free-swimming seawater (SW)-adapted flounders. Increases were apparent within 30 min of i.v. injection of human ANF hANF; 10μg/kg bw) and the increase in plasma cortisol was maintained throughout the 5h experimental period. No such increase was observed in vehicle-injected controls. This apparent steroidogenic effect of ANF was supported by an ANF-induced increase in in-vitro secretion of cortisol by interrenal tissue from SW-adapted trout. By contrast hANF had no significant effect on tissue derived from freshwater adapted trout. An ANF-induced increase in plasma cortisol by a direct effect on interrenal steroidogenesis in SW teleosts would be an appropriate response for survival in hypertonic media.

Responsiveness of the interrenal tissue of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from contaminated sites to an ACTH challenge test in vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Girard ◽  
Julie C Brodeur ◽  
Alice Hontela
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Acth Challenge ◽  
Capture Stress

The effects of chronic toxic stress on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis were investigated in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) captured at a reference site (Lake Memphremagog) and two sites contaminated with heavy metals and organic contaminants (Ile Perrot and Iles de la Paix, Lake St. Louis) in spring, summer, and fall. Cortisol secretion of the fish was stimulated in situ by an acute capture stress or by an i.p. injection of 4 IU/100 g body mass of porcine corticotropin (ACTH1-39). The response to both these challenges was lower in perch from the highly contaminated site than in perch from the reference site in the spring but not in summer. In fall, fish from the highly contaminated site had, as in spring, a lower response to ACTH than fish from the reference site. The reduced ability of perch to respond to capture stress or to ACTH indicates that the interrenal tissue in fish from contaminated sites is functionally impaired. Cortisol-impaired fish also had abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. The reduced ability of wild fish from contaminated sites to respond to a standardized ACTH challenge may be used as an early indicator of contamination-induced chronic stress.

Branchial versus intestinal zinc uptake in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from reference and metal-contaminated aquatic ecosystems

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1605-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Niyogi ◽  
Gregory G Pyle ◽  
Chris M Wood
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Northern Ontario

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for freshwater fish but can be toxic to them at elevated concentrations. Therefore, the regulation of zinc uptake is important in maintaining homeostasis when fish are chronically exposed to elevated zinc in nature. This study examined the kinetics of in vivo branchial and in vitro intestinal zinc uptake in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from metal-contaminated and reference lakes in northern Ontario. The results showed that the branchial zinc uptake involves high-affinity transport sites, whereas the intestinal zinc uptake involves low-affinity transport sites. Interestingly, significant alterations in the branchial zinc uptake (reduced affinity, increased maximum transport rate) but no apparent changes in the intestinal zinc uptake characteristics were observed in the metal-impacted yellow perch population relative to the reference population. Subsequently, no differences in zinc concentrations of gill, liver, and whole body were recorded between reference and metal-impacted yellow perch populations. Overall, our study indicated that the gill, not the gut, likely plays a critical role in maintaining the zinc homeostasis in wild fish under chronic exposure.

scholarly journals Acute Stress, Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Gonadal Axis and Testicular Function – A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Damián ◽  
María Bausero ◽  
Alejandro Bielli
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Acute Stress Response ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe fact that the stress response affects testicular function in several animal species, has been established for several decades. The aim of the present review was to describe how the mechanisms involved in the acute stress response affect directly or indirectly the testicular function at different levels. Both neuroendocrine axes linked to the stress response, i.e., the sympathetic-adrenomedullar (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HHA) axis, affect the functioning of the hypothalamus-hypophyseal-gonadal (HHG) axis. Furthermore, both axes affect testicular function directly. Several reports support the concept that, in general terms, the HHA axis (as well as the hormones belonging to it) inhibits the HHG axis and also has direct effects on testicular function. The information regarding the effects of the SAM axis either on the HHG axis or as direct effects on testicular function are contradictory, and depends on whether the studies were performed in vivo or in vitro. Nevertheless, in general, stimulative effects are reported by the SAM axis. Both hormonal axes linked to the stress response exert direct effects on testicular function, on Leydig, Sertoli, myoid, and germ cells.

CarR, a MarR-family regulator from Corynebacterium glutamicum, modulated antibiotic and aromatic compound resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (21) ◽  
pp. 3141-3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiru Si ◽  
Can Chen ◽  
Zengfan Wei ◽  
Zhijin Gong ◽  
GuiZhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cysteine Oxidation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Ligand Free ◽  
Redox Sensing

Abstract MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) proteins are a family of transcriptional regulators that is prevalent in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Understanding the physiological and biochemical function of MarR homologs in C. glutamicum has focused on cysteine oxidation-based redox-sensing and substrate metabolism-involving regulators. In this study, we characterized the stress-related ligand-binding functions of the C. glutamicum MarR-type regulator CarR (C. glutamicum antibiotic-responding regulator). We demonstrate that CarR negatively regulates the expression of the carR (ncgl2886)–uspA (ncgl2887) operon and the adjacent, oppositely oriented gene ncgl2885, encoding the hypothetical deacylase DecE. We also show that CarR directly activates transcription of the ncgl2882–ncgl2884 operon, encoding the peptidoglycan synthesis operon (PSO) located upstream of carR in the opposite orientation. The addition of stress-associated ligands such as penicillin and streptomycin induced carR, uspA, decE, and PSO expression in vivo, as well as attenuated binding of CarR to operator DNA in vitro. Importantly, stress response-induced up-regulation of carR, uspA, and PSO gene expression correlated with cell resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and aromatic compounds. Six highly conserved residues in CarR were found to strongly influence its ligand binding and transcriptional regulatory properties. Collectively, the results indicate that the ligand binding of CarR induces its dissociation from the carR–uspA promoter to derepress carR and uspA transcription. Ligand-free CarR also activates PSO expression, which in turn contributes to C. glutamicum stress resistance. The outcomes indicate that the stress response mechanism of CarR in C. glutamicum occurs via ligand-induced conformational changes to the protein, not via cysteine oxidation-based thiol modifications.

scholarly journals Lysosomotropic agents including azithromycin, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine activate the integrated stress response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ling Tian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Liwei Zhao ◽  
Isabelle Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Integrated Stress Response ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Eif2α Phosphorylation ◽  
Lysosomotropic Agents ◽  
Cultured Human Cells

AbstractThe integrated stress response manifests with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) on serine residue 51 and plays a major role in the adaptation of cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the initiation of autophagy and in the ignition of immune responses. Here, we report that lysosomotropic agents, including azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, can trigger eIF2α phosphorylation in vitro (in cultured human cells) and, as validated for hydroxychloroquine, in vivo (in mice). Cells bearing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α mutant (S51A) failed to accumulate autophagic puncta in response to azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. Conversely, two inhibitors of eIF2α dephosphorylation, nelfinavir and salubrinal, enhanced the induction of such autophagic puncta. Altogether, these results point to the unexpected capacity of azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine to elicit the integrated stress response.

Stress response of cougars to nonlethal pursuit by hunters

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey ◽  
Walter D. Van Sickle ◽  
William A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Felis Concolor ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Five cougars (Felis concolor) were captured and an adrenal response test was administered by injecting synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone and monitoring plasma cortisol levels at 15-min intervals for 120 min. Three were selected for treatment and chased 5 or 6 more times to simulate the stress they might experience during a pursuit-only season; the other two served as controls and were chased only once more, at recapture. The adrenal response test was administered again at recapture. The cougars in the treatment group had a lowered plasma cortisol profile after the simulated pursuit season, indicating an altered physiological response of the adrenals to the stress of repeated chases.

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid treatment on thyroid hormones, prolactins, and the stress response of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R1098-R1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier D. van Anholt ◽  
Tom Spanings ◽  
William Koven ◽  
Sjoerd E. Wendelaar Bonga
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Acute Stress Response

The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway converts arachidonic acid (ArA) into prostaglandins (PGs), which interact with the stress response in mammals and possibly in fish as well. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a COX inhibitor and was used to characterize the effects of PGs on the release of several hormones and the stress response of tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus). Plasma PGE2 was significantly reduced at 100 mg ASA/kg body wt, and both basal PGE2 and cortisol levels correlated negatively with plasma salicylate. Basal plasma 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) was reduced by ASA treatment, whereas prolactin (PRL)188 increased at 100 mg ASA/kg body wt. ASA depressed the cortisol response to the mild stress of 5 min of net confinement. As expected, glucose and lactate were elevated in the stressed control fish, but the responses were blunted by ASA treatment. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity was not affected by ASA. Plasma osmolarity increased after confinement in all treatments, whereas sodium only increased at the high ASA dose. This is the first time ASA has been administered to fish in vivo, and the altered hormone release and the inhibition of the acute stress response indicated the involvement of PGs in these processes.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro studies on heavy metal tolerance in Sesbania grandiflora L

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽  
Shaimaa A. Yousir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Whole Plants

Several experiments were carried out to study heavy metal tolerance in tissue cultures or whole plants of S. grandiflora., Callus was induced and maintained on modified Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium (MS) supplemented with (0.5)mg/l benzyl adenine and (2)mg/l 2,4-phenoxy acetic acid . Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr or Zn) were added to the culture medium at different concentrations as contamination agents. In order to asses the effect of these heavy metals on seed germination; seeds were sown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals for 3 weeks. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analysis of samples taken from whole plants and callus cultures. Results showed that callus fresh weight decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration in cultural medium. Germination percentages and plant heights increased over time. However, a reduction occurred in these parameters with increasing heavy metal levels. Percentages of metals accumulated in calli were (0.001, 0.011, 0.012 and 0.013%) at (0.0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1)mg/l Cd respectively; (0.001, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.006%) at (0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5)mg/l Co respectively; (0.001, 0.020, 0.034 and 0.015%) at (0.0, 0.075, 0.2 and 0.5)mg/l Cu respectively; (0.001, 0.013, 0.012 and 0.010%) at (0.0, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5)mg/l Cr respectively and (0.027, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.056%) at (0.0 , 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5)mg/l Zn respectively. Percentages of metals accumulated in whole plants were (0.08, 0.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)mg/Kg soil Cd respectively; (0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 0.47 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 15.0, 30.0 45.0 and 60.0)mg/Kg soil Co respectively; (0.01, 0.10, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cu respectively. (0.08, 0.80, 1.28, 1.31 and 0.88%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cr respectively and (0.06, 1.11, 1.20, 1.83 and 2.22%) at (0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0 and 400.0)mg/Kg soil Zn respectively.

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