scholarly journals A life-table model estimation of the parr capacity of a late 19th century Puget Sound steelhead population

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Nick Gayeski ◽  
George Pess ◽  
Tim Beechie
Keyword(s):  
Puget Sound ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Wetted Area ◽  
Age Structured

An age-structured life-cycle model of steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) for the Stillaguamish River in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, was employed to estimate the number of age-1 steelhead parr that could have produced the estimated adult return of 69 000 in 1895. We then divided the estimated parr numbers by the estimated area of steelhead rearing habitat in the Stillaguamish River basin in 1895 and under current conditions to estimate density of rearing steelhead then and now. Scaled to estimates of total wetted area of tributary and mainstem shallow shoreline habitat, our historic estimates averaged 0.39–0.49 parr·m−2, and ranged from 0.24 to 0.7 parr·m−2. These values are significantly greater than current densities in the Stillaguamish (mainstem average: 0.15 parr·m−2, tributaries: 0.07 parr·m−2), but well within the range of recent estimates of steelhead parr rearing densities in high-quality habitats. Our results indicate that modest improvement in the capacity of mainstem and tributary rearing habitat in Puget Sound rivers will yield large recovery benefits if realized in a large proportion of the area of river basins currently accessible to steelhead.

Semi-Coherent Yttria Inclusions Occurring Spontaneously in YBa2Cu3O6+× Films Grown by Dc Magnetron Sputtering

1992 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Selinder ◽  
Z. Han ◽  
U. Helmersson ◽  
J. Magnusson ◽  
P. Norling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Critical Current ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Current Densities

ABSTRACTSemi-coherent Y2O3 (yttria) inclusions have been observed in high quality, c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O6+×,(YBCO) Alms. The inclusions were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and were found to be embedded in the YBCO matrix without disturbing its structure seriously. Their number density is estimated to higher than 2 × 1016 cm−3 in epitaxial YBCO films, having transport critical current densities in excess of 1 × 106 A cm−2 at 77 K. Magnetization measurements indicate a possible correlation between a high density of yttria inclusions and high pinning strength. The effects of the inclusions on film growth and microstructure is discussed.

scholarly journals Total Worklife Expectancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt V. Krueger ◽  
Frank Slesnick
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Forensic Economics ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model ◽  
Taking Care

Abstract This paper appends the standard Markov increment-decrement worklife expectancy model used in forensic economics to measure the years that people perform the non-market work of taking care of their homes or families. We find that adding non-market working years to the worklife model nearly equalizes men and women's estimated lifetime total working years. The paper begins with the gender-related problems of solely using labor force worklife tables as a tort compensation determinant. We then present demographic characteristics of persons that perform full-time, non-market work. A Markov life table model that incorporates two work activities (market and non-market work) is specified—we name the sum of market and non-market working years “total worklife expectancy.” Ending the paper are examples of using total worklife expectancy as a tort compensation estimator.

scholarly journals Recent decline in life expectancy at birth in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleša Lotrič Dolinar ◽  
Jože Sambt
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Decomposition Technique ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
External Causes

For many decades, life expectancy at birth (e0) in Slovenia has been increasing at a very rapid pace. However, in 2015, e0 declined slightly; it recovered in 2016, but fell again in 2017 for women. In the same period, a pause in declining mortality was observed in numerous developed countries worldwide. It is too early to provide a thorough analysis and firm conclusions, but we shed some light on the topic by decomposing the observed decline in Slovenia by age and cause of death. In particular, using a life table model and life expectancy decomposition technique, we analyse what cause of death for what age group contributed the most to this decline in life expectancy at birth. We show that the main reason for the recent drop in life expectancy at birth in Slovenia was higher mortality due to external causes for men of all ages and due to neoplasms for women above 60 years and men above 50 years.

scholarly journals Cost effectiveness of the NHS breast screening programme: life table model

BMJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 346 (may09 1) ◽  
pp. f2618-f2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. P. Pharoah ◽  
B. Sewell ◽  
D. Fitzsimmons ◽  
H. S. Bennett ◽  
N. Pashayan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Breast Screening ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Breast Screening Programme ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model

Dynamic Life Table Model for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Simulation Results and Validation

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Focks ◽  
D. G. Haile ◽  
E. Daniels ◽  
G. A. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Table Model ◽  
Life Table Model ◽  
Simulation Results

Contributions of adult mortality to declines of Puget Sound Pacific herring

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C Siple ◽  
Andrew O Shelton ◽  
Tessa B Francis ◽  
Dayv Lowry ◽  
Adam P Lindquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Structured Population Model ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Age Structured

Abstract Forage fish undergo dramatic changes in abundance through time. Long-term fluctuations, which have historically been attributed to changes in recruitment, may also be due to changes in adult mortality. Pacific herring, a lightly exploited forage fish in Puget Sound, WA, have exhibited shifts in age structure and decreases in spawning biomass during the past 30 years. Here, we investigate changes in adult mortality as a potential explanation for these shifts. Using a hierarchical, age-structured population model, we indicate that adult natural mortality for Puget Sound Pacific herring has increased since 1973. We find that natural mortality has increased for every age class of adult (age 3+), especially age 4 fish, whose estimated mortality has doubled over the survey time period (from M = 0.84–1.76). We demonstrate that long-term shifts in mortality explain changes in age structure, and may explain biomass declines and failure to reach management thresholds for two spawning sites in Puget Sound (Cherry Point and Squaxin Pass). Temporal shifts in natural adult mortality could have negative implications for herring and herring predators. We demonstrate that adult mortality, in addition to recruitment variation, is an important driver for forage fish, which face exceptionally high natural mortality compared with other fishes.

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