Evaluation of maize microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis and fingerprinting in sugarcane

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Selvi ◽  
N V Nair ◽  
N Balasundaram ◽  
T Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Species Specific

The use of maize microsatellite markers as a potential cost-effective method for molecular analysis of sugarcane was evaluated. Of the 34 primer pairs obtained from maize genomic libraries, 14 showed repeatable amplifications in Saccharum species clones, commercial hybrids, and the related genera Erianthus, accounting for 41.17% cross transferability. Complex banding patterns were encountered in sugarcane with the number of amplified fragments ranging from 7 to 14 with an average of 10 per primer, indicating the high polyploidy and heterozygosity existing in sugarcane. Phenetic analysis of the SSR polymorphisms produced by nine primers could clearly differentiate the different species of Saccharum and Erianthus and revealed the relationships that existed between them. Genetic similarity co-efficient indicated low diversity existing among the S. officinarum clones (82%) and a relatively higher level of diversity in the S. spontaneum clones (69.7%). Higher level of divergence of Erianthus from Saccharum was also clearly estabilished. Five primers produced genus- and species-specific fragments for Erianthus, S. spontaneum, S. officinarum, and S. barberi. The polymorphic primers, when tested on a panel of 30 commercial sugarcane cultivars, revealed a broad range (32.4–83.3%) of pair-wise similarity values, indicating their ability to detect high levels of polymorphism. A combination of two primers could differentiate all the varieties, further emphasizing their potential in fingerprinting and varietal identification.Key words: maize microsatellites, Saccharum, Erianthus, diversity analysis, fingerprinting.

A virtual multi-disciplinary meeting is a cost-effective method of triaging referrals to a regional musculoskeletal oncology service

2021 ◽  
pp. 003693302110085
Author(s):  
Omer MHF Alanie ◽  
Ashish Mahendra ◽  
Mairi Mackinnon ◽  
Mark McCleery ◽  
Christopher Nicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Musculoskeletal Oncology ◽  
Prospective Database

Background and aims In 2010, a virtual sarcoma referral model was implemented, which aims to provide a centralised multidisciplinary team (MDT) to provide rapid advice, avoiding unnecessary appointments and providing a streamlined service. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of this screening tool in reducing the service burden and expediting patient journey. Methods and results All referrals made to a single tertiary referral sarcoma unit from January 2010 to December 2018 were extracted from a prospective database. Only 26.0% events discussed required review directly. 30.3% were discharged back to referrer. 16.5% required further investigations. 22.5% required a biopsy prior to review. There was a reduction in the rate of patients reviewed at the sarcoma clinic, and a higher discharge rate from the MDT in 2018 versus 2010 (p < 0.001). This gives a potential cost saving of 670,700 GBP over the 9 year period. Conclusion An MDT meeting which triages referrals is cost-effective at reducing unnecessary referrals. This can limit unnecessary exposure of patients who may have an underlying diagnosis of cancer to a high-risk environment, and reduces burden on services as it copes with increasing demands during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Genome-wide markers reveal differentiation between and within the cryptic sister species, sunset and vermilion rockfish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Longo ◽  
John Harms ◽  
John R. Hyde ◽  
Matthew T. Craig ◽  
Ana Ramón-Laca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe vermilion rockfish complex, which consists of the cryptic sister species vermilion and sunset rockfish, is one of the most valuable recreational fisheries on the U.S. West Coast. These species are currently managed as a single complex, and because of uncertainty surrounding the relative contribution of each species within existing data sources, the stock status of each species is not fully known. A reliable and cost-effective method is needed to disentangle these species that will allow for the development of abundance indices, life history profiles, and catch histories that may potentially support species-specific stock assessments. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequence (RADseq) markers we generated 10,003 polymorphic loci to characterize the vermilion rockfish complex. PCA and Bayesian clustering approaches based on these loci clearly distinguished between sunset and vermilion rockfishes and identified hybrid individuals. These loci included 203 highly differentiated (FST ≥ 0.99) single nucleotide polymorphisms, which we consider candidates in the planned development of a diagnostic assay capable of distinguishing between these cryptic species. In addition to clearly delineating to species, subsets of the interspecific markers allowed for insight into intraspecific differentiation in both species. Population genetic analyses for sunset rockfish identified two weakly divergent genetic groups with similar levels of genetic diversity. Vermilion rockfish, however, were characterized by three distinct genetic groups with much stronger signals of differentiation and significantly different genetic diversities. Collectively, these data will contribute to well-informed, species-specific management strategies to protect this valuable species complex.

Performance of bycatch reduction devices varies for chondrichthyan, reptile, and cetacean mitigation in demersal fish trawls: assimilating subsurface interactions and unaccounted mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey B. Wakefield ◽  
Julia Santana-Garcon ◽  
Stacey R. Dorman ◽  
Stuart Blight ◽  
Ainslie Denham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Bycatch Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Species Specific

To improve bycatch mitigation of chondrichthyans, reptiles and cetaceans for a tropical demersal fish-trawl fishery, species-specific responses to bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) were investigated using both in situ subsurface and onboard observations. There are few, if any, studies that have determined mitigation performances of BRDs from subsurface interactions for these species, as most are rarely encountered and thus require substantial levels of observer coverage for robust assessments. This study combined in-net and onboard (774 day trawls and 1320 day trawl hours of subsurface observer coverage) electronic monitoring on all fish-trawl vessels (n = 3) to compare bycatch mitigation performances among nine megafauna groups, based on escape rates and interaction durations for three BRDs over 6 months (June to December 2012). Overall, 26.9% of day trawls had no megafauna interactions and 38.3% of the 1826 interactions escaped, with most in rapid time (91.4% in ≤ 5 min). The upward inclined exclusion grid significantly improved the escape proportions for most chondrichthyans by 20–30%. All BRDs were highly effective in reducing reptile (turtles and seasnakes) bycatch, but irrelevant for the few sawfish (n = 13) that readily entangled in the anterior of the net. Cetacean (bottlenose dolphins only) interactions with BRDs were very rare (n = 7) despite high levels of attendance and depredation during trawling. Loss of targeted teleosts through the BRD hatch was rare (1.3% of day trawls). This relatively cost-effective method of electronic monitoring achieved very high levels of subsurface observer coverage (60% of day trawls or 56% of day trawl hours), and provided evidence that the subsurface expulsion of megafauna in poor condition is negligible. Furthermore, this study provides species-specific improvements toward bycatch mitigation strategies for demersal fish trawling.

The Potential Impact of Multiplane-Multispeed Balancing on Gas Turbine Production and Overhaul Costs

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Badgley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Critical Speeds ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Bearing Assembly ◽  
Potential Impact

This paper describes recent advances in the development of a practical, cost-effective method for balancing, in a single step, a final shaft-bearing assembly simultaneously in a number of planes and at a number of speeds. This method is capable of overcoming assembly-introduced unbalance, and will permit rotor operation through critical speeds in which component elastic axis bending occurs. Detailed results of test efforts are presented in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. The procedure by which the method may be applied to gas turbine engine shafts, and the potential cost advantages expected to accrue therefrom, are described and discussed.

Weir building: A potential cost-effective method for reducing mercury leaching from abandoned mining tailings

2019 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Xu ◽  
Chunhao Gu ◽  
Xinbin Feng ◽  
Guangle Qiu ◽  
Lihai Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Mining Tailings ◽  
Cost Effective Method

scholarly journals Analysis of CMA-DAPI bands and preparation of fluorescent karyotypes in thirty Indian cultivars of Lens culinaris

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timir baran Jha ◽  
Biplab Kumar Bhowmick ◽  
Partha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fluorochrome Banding ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Plant Chromosomes ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
First Time

India holds a significant rank in production and consumption of the age old protein rich crop Lentil with only one cultivated species and a large number of phenotypically similar cultivars. The need for a reliable and cost effective method of genetic characterization to unravel differences within the Lentil cultivars was felt. The present paper adopted EMA based chromosome preparation followed by staining with two contrasting fluorochromes dyes CMA and DAPI that bind directly to GC and AT rich heterochromatic segments on chromosomes. Analysis of fluorochrome banding pattern furnished a comparative account of genetic diversity within the cultivars that could not be achieved by traditional karyotyping. The marker pair of nucleolar chromosomes (4th and 3rd, majorly) occupied a pivotal position to intensify differences between cultivars in terms of banding patterns around secondary constrictions, suggestive of  yet unknown variation in heterochromatin composition. Our study has strengthened genetic background and relationships of Lentil cultivars. We observed certain types of unusual fluorochrome bands that put forward the exclusivity of Indian germplasm and have questioned the mainstream heterochromatin elements of plant chromosomes captured by CMA-DAPI stains. The comprehensive fluorescent karyotypes of 30 L. culinaris cultivars prepared for the first time, serve as an archetype for the benefit of future breeding programmes in any Indian crop. 

scholarly journals Fast, cost-effective development of species-specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing

BioTechniques ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Abdelkrim ◽  
Bruce C. Robertson ◽  
Jo-Ann L. Stanton ◽  
Neil J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Effective Development

scholarly journals Evaluation of counting methods for monitoring populations of a cryptic alpine passerine, the rock wren (Passeriformes, Acanthisittidae, Xenicus gilviventris)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247873
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Monks ◽  
Colin F. J. O’Donnell ◽  
Terry C. Greene ◽  
Kerry A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Population Indices ◽  
Species Specific

Developing and validating methods to determine trends in populations of threatened species is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of conservation interventions. For cryptic species inhabiting remote environments, this can be particularly challenging. Rock wrens, Xenicus gilviventris, are small passerines endemic to the alpine zone of southern New Zealand. They are highly vulnerable to predation by introduced mammalian predators. Establishing a robust, cost-effective monitoring tool to evaluate population trends in rock wrens is a priority for conservation of both the species and, more broadly, as part of a suite of indicators for evaluating effectiveness of management in New Zealand’s alpine ecosystems. We assessed the relative accuracy and precision of three population estimation techniques (mark-resight, distance sampling and simple counts on line transects) for two populations of rock wrens in the Southern Alps over six breeding seasons (2012–2018). The performance of these population estimators was compared to known rock wren population size derived from simultaneous territory mapping. Indices of abundance derived from counts on transects were correlated with territory mapping at both study areas, and performed better than either mark-resight methods or distance sampling. Simple counts on standardised line transects are a highly cost-effective method of monitoring birds because they do not require banding a population. As such, we recommend that line transect counts using the design outlined in this paper be adopted as a standard method for long-term monitoring of rock wren populations. Although species-specific testing is required to validate use of low-cost population indices, our results may have utility for the monitoring of other cryptic passerines in relatively open habitats.

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