INHERITANCE OF ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Lafever ◽  
L. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Selection ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Selection For

Aluminum tolerant and aluminum sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cultivars representing different parental backgrounds were used to study the inheritance of response to aluminium. F1, F2, F3, and backcross generations from crosses of four soft red winter wheat cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions containing 8 ppm aluminum. There appeared to be no genetic differences between the two sensitive parents (Redcoat and Arthur) for aluminum response. The two tolerant parents (Seneca and Thorne) also exhibited no apparent genetic differences for aluminum response but were decidedly superior to the sensitive parents in the presence of aluminum. F1, F2, and backcross data from sensitive/tolerant crosses indicated that sensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Selection for aluminum sensitive plants in the F2 was effective, based upon their F3 family means. Selection for intermediate or tolerant plants was less effective, indicating that the inheritance was more complex than a single gene. Leaf length and roots/plant were found to be inferior to root length as measures of aluminum tolerance. These nutrient culture results were consistent with the occurrence of sensitive and intermediate lines and the absence of highly tolerant lines from breeding populations selected on limed soils.

The genomic inheritance of aluminum tolerance in 'Atlas 66' wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Berzonsky
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Segregation Ratios

Toxicity to aluminum (Al) limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) yields. 'Atlas 66', a soft red winter wheat classified as tolerant (root growth ≥ 0.5 cm after Al stress) to 0.44 mM Al, was hybridized with tetraploid (4x) and hexaploid (6x) 'Canthatch', a hard red spring wheat classified as sensitive (root growth < 0.5 cm after Al stress) to 0.44 mM Al. Progenies produced from these hybridizations were tested for tolerance to 0.44 mM Al in solution to ascertain the number of genes and the genomes of 'Atlas 66', which determine tolerance to aluminum. Tests of 'Atlas 66', 6x-'Canthatch', and the F1's resulting from hybridizations between the parents indicated that dominant, nuclear genes carried by 'Atlas 66' determine tolerance to 0.44 mM Al. Segregation ratios for the F2 significantly differed from ratios expected for a dominant, duplicate genetic mechanism. F1 backcross segregation ratios did not significantly differ from ratios expected for dominant, duplicate nuclear genes for tolerance to aluminum. The expression of genes for tolerance to 0.44 mM Al for 'Atlas 66' appears to be more complex than is predicted by the existence of two dominant genes. A crossing scheme, which involved hybridizing 4x-'Canthatch' with 'Atlas 66', was executed to produce 42-chromosome plants having recombinant A- and B-genome chromosomes and D-genome chromosomes derived exclusively from 'Atlas 66'. Eleven F6 and F7 lines, developed from these plants, were selfed and plants in the F6 generation were backcrossed to 'Atlas 66' and 6x-'Canthatch'. The F6 and F7 lines were subjected to 0.44 mM Al in solution as were the backcrosses. While none of the lines had more than 50% of their seedlings classified as sensitive to Al in the F6 generation, four lines exhibited such a response in the F7 generation. In general, backcrossing the F6 lines to 6x-'Canthatch' increased sensitivity to Al, while backcrossing to 'Atlas 66' increased tolerance. Results suggest that genes for tolerance to Al in 'Atlas 66' wheat are not all located on D-genome chromosomes.Key words: aluminum tolerance, genomic inheritance, Triticum.

Determining The Effect of Mass Selection for FHB Resistance in Soft Red Winter Wheat Using an Image-Based Optical Sorter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-296
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Khaeim ◽  
Anthony Clark ◽  
Tom Pearson ◽  
Dr. David Van Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection For

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)], is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Numerous strategies for scab resistance breeding are in use, including phenotypic selection for low severity and marker-assisted selection for resistance QTL. The most destructive consequences of scab are evidenced through a reduction in grain quality, and the presence of mycotoxins, the most common of which is deoxynivalenol (DON). Thus, there is great interest among breeders in selecting for resistance to both of these traits. To this end, a study was devised as follows. In 2010, 20 bulk F3 SRW wheat populations with scab resistant parents in their pedigrees were harvested by population from unreplicated plots near Lexington, KY. The plots were affected by a naturally occurring mild-moderate scab epidemic. The grain was sorted on a USDA/ARS and National Manufacturing Seed Sorter System with color camera according to a calibration that reflected visual differences between asymptomatic grain and grain showing FHB symptoms. This process was repeated in 2011 using grain from plots that had conidial suspension applied at anthesis. In 2012, an unreplicated plot study of the C0, C1 and C2 cycles of selection, inoculated with grain spawn and conidial suspension, was evaluated for Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and DON concentration. An additional cycle of selection was conducted by running the bulk grain through the sorter. In October 2012, 4 selection cycles of the 20 populations were planted in a RCB experiment at Lexington and Princeton, KY. Bulk populations were planted in both scab nursery and plots, and C3 accepted and rejected of all populations and derived lines of 2 populations were planted in the scab nursery in Lexington, KY. Some populations had FDK and DON reduction with selection, and some derived lines had either numerical or significant reduction with selection. Although the accepted fraction had non-significant reduction compared with the rejected fraction over the populations, FDK and DON means were obviously lower in accepted than in rejected fractions.

Environmental effects on stunting and the expression of a tiller inhibition (tin) gene in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Duggan ◽  
Richard A. Richards ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuyuzaki
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A recessive gene (tin) that inhibits tillering in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and that may be important in the redirection of assimilate from unproductive to productive tillers, has been reported. However, this gene has also been associated with a fatal condition known as ‘stunting’. The severity of this phenomenon has been shown to increase when plants are grown under long photoperiods and at low temperatures. The objectives of this study were to observe how the expression of the tin gene varied in different genetic backgrounds, in addition to obtaining a better understanding of environmental factors that may affect both tillering and stunting in lines with the tin gene. Plants were grown outdoors in Canberra, Australia, at various times throughout the year, as well as under controlled conditions where photoperiod, temperature and light intensity were varied. The inhibition of tillers resulting from the presence of the tin gene was most extreme in summer, autumn and spring (up to 90% reduction in tillering). However, when sown in late autumn and winter, tillering was reduced by between 30–50% for the tin lines compared with their near-isogenic parents. Reduced tillering in the tin lines was due to an earlier cessation of tillering rather than a reduced rate. Stunting was frequently observed in some lines more than others when plants were grown under long days and when temperatures were low. The daily minimum temperature, rather than the average daily temperature, was associated with stunting. The duration of the dark period also influenced stunting, with a longer dark period reducing the incidence of stunting from almost 100% to 0%. In all experiments where irradiance was increased, stunting also increased. In addition, elevated CO2 also increased growth characteristics associated with stunting. It is concluded that stunting is associated with a high assimilate supply to the main stem shoot apex before the time of floral initiation. This is caused by an inhibition of tillering and a high photothermal quotient. Leaf length was found to be a good indicator of stunting severity, with stunted plants producing shorter leaves than those plants which failed to stunt. Measurements of leaf length indicated that stunting is induced when the second leaf is expanding.

Development of PCR-based codominant markers flanking the Alt3 gene in rye

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahudin ◽  
G J Scoles ◽  
J P Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Bac Clone ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Codominant Markers

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. The ability of crops to overcome Al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most Al-tolerant species among the Triticeae. Our previous study showed that Al tolerance in a rye F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (Alt3) gene on chromosome 4RL. Based on the DNA sequence of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) BAC clone suspected to be syntenic to the Alt3 gene region, we developed two PCR-based codominant markers flanking the gene. These two markers, a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, each flanked the Alt3 gene at an approximate distance of 0.4 cM and can be used to facilitate high-resolution mapping of the gene. The markers might also be used for marker-assisted selection in rye or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs to obtain Al-tolerant lines and (or) cultivars.Key words: rye, aluminum tolerance, CAPS, STS, flanking marker, rice BAC, synteny.

Circadian Gene Selection for Time-to-event Phenotype by Integrating CNV and RNAseq Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 104276
Author(s):  
Arnab Kumar Maity ◽  
Sang Chan Lee ◽  
Linhan Hu ◽  
Deborah Bell-pederson ◽  
Bani K. Mallick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Selection ◽  
Circadian Gene ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Polygenic and single gene responses to selection for resistance to diazinon in Lucilia cuprina.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McKenzie ◽  
A G Parker ◽  
J L Yen
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Following mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate, selection in a susceptible strain with a concentration of the insecticide diazinon (0.0004%, w/v) above that required to kill 100% of the susceptible strain, the LC100 of that strain, resulted in a single gene response. The resultant four mutant resistant strains have equivalent physiological, genetical and biochemical profiles to a diazinon-resistant strain derived from a natural population and homozygous for the Rop-1 allele. Modification of the microsomal esterase E3 is responsible for resistance in each case. The Rop-1 locus maps approximately 4.4 map units proximal to bu on chromosome IV. Selection within the susceptible distribution, at a concentration of diazinon [0.0001% (w/v)] less than the LC100, resulted in a similar phenotypic response irrespective of whether the base population had been mutagenized. The responses were polygenically based, unique to each selection line and independent of Rop-1. The relevance of the results to selection for insecticide resistance in laboratory and natural populations is discussed.

CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1138
Author(s):  
Paul A. di Sant'Agnese ◽  
Charles Upton Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High

IN THE COURSE of a review of all features of the disease, the following points were particularly noteworthy: Incidence This disease accounts for almost all cases of pancreatic insufficiency in children. The incidence in the population of the United States is between 1 in 600 and 1 in 10,000 live births, with a probable average incidence of 1 in 2,500. There is no sex predominance. There is, however, a difference in racial predilection, being rarely seen in the Negro and never in Mongolians. It is a familial disease, displaying the characteristics of a mendelian recessive gene. This means that in an affected family the disease may occur in approximately 25% of the offspring, that both parents must be carriers of the trait and that two-thirds of the non-affected children are also carriers. Birth order has no effect on the inheritance of this disease. The fact that it is usually a lethal disease indicates that the mutation rate for this gene must be very high; the frequency of the single gene in the population has been calculated to be approximately 1 in 50. Pancreatic Insufficiency Clinical evidence of poor digestion and absorption of protein and fat is seen in the increased quantities of these substances in the feces, which causes the feces to be bulky, foul smelling, foamy and greasy. Another clinical effect of malabsorption is seen in the failure of the newborn infant with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas to regain birth weight in the first 10 days of life. In the absence of other evidence of disease, this is a sign suggestive of pancreatic failure.

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