The genomic inheritance of aluminum tolerance in 'Atlas 66' wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Berzonsky
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Segregation Ratios

Toxicity to aluminum (Al) limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) yields. 'Atlas 66', a soft red winter wheat classified as tolerant (root growth ≥ 0.5 cm after Al stress) to 0.44 mM Al, was hybridized with tetraploid (4x) and hexaploid (6x) 'Canthatch', a hard red spring wheat classified as sensitive (root growth < 0.5 cm after Al stress) to 0.44 mM Al. Progenies produced from these hybridizations were tested for tolerance to 0.44 mM Al in solution to ascertain the number of genes and the genomes of 'Atlas 66', which determine tolerance to aluminum. Tests of 'Atlas 66', 6x-'Canthatch', and the F1's resulting from hybridizations between the parents indicated that dominant, nuclear genes carried by 'Atlas 66' determine tolerance to 0.44 mM Al. Segregation ratios for the F2 significantly differed from ratios expected for a dominant, duplicate genetic mechanism. F1 backcross segregation ratios did not significantly differ from ratios expected for dominant, duplicate nuclear genes for tolerance to aluminum. The expression of genes for tolerance to 0.44 mM Al for 'Atlas 66' appears to be more complex than is predicted by the existence of two dominant genes. A crossing scheme, which involved hybridizing 4x-'Canthatch' with 'Atlas 66', was executed to produce 42-chromosome plants having recombinant A- and B-genome chromosomes and D-genome chromosomes derived exclusively from 'Atlas 66'. Eleven F6 and F7 lines, developed from these plants, were selfed and plants in the F6 generation were backcrossed to 'Atlas 66' and 6x-'Canthatch'. The F6 and F7 lines were subjected to 0.44 mM Al in solution as were the backcrosses. While none of the lines had more than 50% of their seedlings classified as sensitive to Al in the F6 generation, four lines exhibited such a response in the F7 generation. In general, backcrossing the F6 lines to 6x-'Canthatch' increased sensitivity to Al, while backcrossing to 'Atlas 66' increased tolerance. Results suggest that genes for tolerance to Al in 'Atlas 66' wheat are not all located on D-genome chromosomes.Key words: aluminum tolerance, genomic inheritance, Triticum.

scholarly journals A Microsatellite Map of Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S Röder ◽  
Victor Korzun ◽  
Katja Wendehake ◽  
Jens Plaschke ◽  
Marie-Hélène Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Microsatellite Map ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Primer Sets

Abstract Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. We report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. The isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. The majority (80%) of primer sets developed are genome-specific and detect only a single locus in one of the three genomes of bread wheat (A, B, or D). Only 20% of the markers detect more than one locus. A total of 279 loci amplified by 230 primer sets were placed onto a genetic framework map composed of RFLPs previously mapped in the reference population of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) Opata 85 × W7984. Sixty-five microsatellites were mapped at a LOD &gt;2.5, and 214 microsatellites were assigned to the most likely intervals. Ninety-three loci were mapped to the A genome, 115 to the B genome, and 71 to the D genome. The markers are randomly distributed along the linkage map, with clustering in several centromeric regions.

Control of alien gene expression for aluminum tolerance in wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
K. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Alien Gene

The expression of aluminum tolerance from rye (Secale cereale L.) when present in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) background has been observed to be much lower than that in rye itself. By crossing each of the ditelocentric lines of 'Chinese Spring' wheat with a tolerant rye, the effects of the presence or absence of each arm of wheat on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance could be established. Of 42 wheat chromosome arms, 18 affected the expression of rye aluminum tolerance. Tolerance was increased over that observed in the euploid wheat–rye hybrid when arms 4AL, 5AL, 6AL, 7BS, 7BL, and 3DS were absent. Tolerance was reduced when arms 2AL, 5AS, 6BS, 1DS, 1DL, 2DL, 4DL, 5DS, 5DL, 6DL, 7DS, and 7DL were absent. Thus, the control of aluminum tolerance expression from rye in a wheat background was evidently under the influence of genes located on a number of wheat chromosome arms, with a few arms tending to enhance expression and many others tending to reduce it. In fact, 5AS of 'Chinese Spring' enhances expression, while 5AL suppresses it. The D genome of bread wheat appears to have the most pronounced effect on the expression of rye aluminum tolerance.Key words: rye, activator genes, suppressor genes, alien manipulation.

scholarly journals Novel fluorescent sequence-related amplified polymorphism(FSRAP) markers for the construction of a genetic linkage map of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1081-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingbo Zhao ◽  
Zhang Li ◽  
Jipeng Qu ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome

Novel fluorescent sequence-related amplified polymorphism (FSRAP) markers were developed based on the SRAP molecular marker. Then, the FSRAP markers were used to construct the genetic map of a wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) recombinant inbred line population derived from a Chuanmai 42?Chuannong 16 cross. Reproducibility and polymorphism tests indicated that the FSRAP markers have repeatability and better reflect the polymorphism of wheat varieties compared with SRAP markers. A total of 430 polymorphic loci between Chuanmai 42 and Chuannong 16 were detected with 189 FSRAP primer combinations. A total of 281 FSARP markers and 39 SSR markers re classified into 20 linkage groups. The maps spanned a total length of 2499.3cM with an average distance of 7.81cM between markers. A total of 201 markers were mapped on the B genome and covered a distance of 1013cM. On the A genome, 84 markers were mapped and covered a distance of 849.6cM. On the D genome, however, only 35 markers were mapped and covered a distance of 636.7cM. No FSRAP markers were distributed on the 7D chromosome. The results of the present study revealed that the novel FSRAP markers can be used to generate dense, uniform genetic maps of wheat.

Hypervariation associated with a 12-nucleotide direct repeat and inferences on intergenomic homogenization of ribosomal RNA gene spacers based on the DNA sequence of a clone from the wheat Nor-D3 locus

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lassner ◽  
Olin Anderson ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Nontranscribed Spacer ◽  
B Genome

A ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) unit from the Nor-D3 locus (D genome) of Triticum aestivum L. was cloned and the "nontranscribed spacer" (NTS) was sequenced. The DNA sequence was compared with previously reported Nor-B2 locus (B genome) NTS sequences to study the molecular basis of evolution of these repeated genes and to look for evidence of homogenization between B- and D-genome rDNA. The NTS has seven subrepeats with a modal repeat length of 120 nucleotides; the subrepeats are shorter than Nor-B2 subrepeats owing to loss of one element of a 12-bp duplication present in Nor-B2 subrepeats. This 12 nucleotide sequence or its permutation, whose consensus sequence is CACGTACACGGA, is found at all sites where the B- and D-genome rDNA spacers differ by insertions or deletions longer than two nucleotides. The DNA sequence information was used to identify restriction sites unique to each locus that could be used in search of conversions between the B- and D-genome rDNA loci. Despite the coexistence of rDNA of the B- and D-genomes in the same nucleus for a minimum of 8000 years, no evidence for frequent interchromosomal conversion events between chromosomes 1B or 6B and 5D was found. Key words: Triticum, rDNA, concerted evolution, spacer.

INHERITANCE OF ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN WHEAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Lafever ◽  
L. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Selection ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Selection For

Aluminum tolerant and aluminum sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cultivars representing different parental backgrounds were used to study the inheritance of response to aluminium. F1, F2, F3, and backcross generations from crosses of four soft red winter wheat cultivars were grown in nutrient solutions containing 8 ppm aluminum. There appeared to be no genetic differences between the two sensitive parents (Redcoat and Arthur) for aluminum response. The two tolerant parents (Seneca and Thorne) also exhibited no apparent genetic differences for aluminum response but were decidedly superior to the sensitive parents in the presence of aluminum. F1, F2, and backcross data from sensitive/tolerant crosses indicated that sensitivity was conditioned by a single recessive gene. Selection for aluminum sensitive plants in the F2 was effective, based upon their F3 family means. Selection for intermediate or tolerant plants was less effective, indicating that the inheritance was more complex than a single gene. Leaf length and roots/plant were found to be inferior to root length as measures of aluminum tolerance. These nutrient culture results were consistent with the occurrence of sensitive and intermediate lines and the absence of highly tolerant lines from breeding populations selected on limed soils.

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF HEXAPLOID TRITICALE SUBSTITUTION LINES INVOLVING THE A-, B-, AND D-GENOME CHROMOSOMES OF WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Larter ◽  
K. Noda
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Definitive Method

Three hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) triticale lines (× Triticosecale Wittmack) were synthesized in which a specific chromosome of either the A or B genomes was replaced by a homoelogous chromosome of the D genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Two of the substitutions involved the B genome [substitution lines 1D(1B)R-4 and 6D (6B)R-5] and the third involved the A genome [4D(4A)R-1]. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins produced distinct differences in banding patterns between the three substitutions and provided a definitive method for the identification of specific chromosome substitutions in triticale. Plant and spike characteristics of the substitution triticales were similar to those of the control (unsubstituted) triticale. Substitution 6D(6B)R-5 exhibited extremely low fertility and was difficult to maintain. The substitution 4D(4A), on the other hand, appeared to have no effect on fertility, while substitution 1D(1B) reduced fertility by almost one-half of that of the control triticale. Chromosome pairing in substitution 4D(4A)R-1 was regular whereas 1D(1B)R-4 exhibited an average of five univalents/cell at MI. Limited seed supply prevented a meiotic study of 6D(6B)R-5. Flour proteins of the three substitution triticales ranged from 15.8% for 4D(4A)R-1 to 18.0% for 6D(6B)R-5. A comparison of the three substitutions for amino acid composition indicated that line 6D(6B)R-5 was 25% higher in methionine than the control, while in substitution 4D(4A)R-1 methionine content was reduced by 53%.

scholarly journals Screening of Diverse Ethiopian Durum Wheat Accessions for Aluminum Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Edossa Fikiru Wayima ◽  
Ayalew Ligaba-Osena ◽  
Kifle Dagne ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Eunice Magoma Machuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Seminal Roots

Acid soils and associated Al3+ toxicity are prevalent in Ethiopia where normally Al3+-sensitive durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp durum Desf.) is an important crop. To identify a source of Al3+ tolerance, we screened diverse Ethiopian durum germplasm. As a center of diversity for durum wheat coupled with the strong selection pressure imposed by extensive acid soils, it was conceivable that Al3+ tolerance had evolved in Ethiopian germplasm. We used a rapid method on seedlings to rate Al3+ tolerance according to the length of seminal roots. From 595 accessions screened using the rapid method, we identified 21 tolerant, 180 intermediate, and 394 sensitive accessions. When assessed in the field the accessions had tolerance rankings consistent with the rapid screen. However, a molecular marker specific for the D-genome showed that all accessions rated as Al3+-tolerant or of intermediate tolerance were hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that had contaminated the durum grain stocks. The absence of Al3+ tolerance in durum has implications for how Al3+ tolerance evolved in bread wheat. There remains a need for a source of Al3+-tolerance genes for durum wheat and previous work that introgressed genes from bread wheat into durum wheat is discussed as a potential source for enhancing the Al3+ tolerance of durum germplasm.

Genomic Instability in Wheat Induced by Chromosome 6b(s) of Triticum Speltoides.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094
Author(s):  
R S Kota ◽  
J Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Ring Chromosomes ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
A Genome

Abstract A massive restructuring of chromosomes was observed during the production of a substitution of chromosome 6B(s) from Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. ex Richter for chromosome 6B of Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Deletions, translocations, ring chromosomes, dicentric chromosomes and a paracentric inversion were observed. Chromosome rearrangements occurred in both euchromatic and heterochromatic regions. Chromosome rearrangements were not observed either in the amphiploid between Chinese Spring and T. speltoides or in Chinese Spring. No chromosome rearrangements were observed in the backcross derivatives; however, after self-pollination of a monosomic substitution (2n = 41) of chromosome 6B(s) for wheat chromosome 6B, 49 of the 138 plants carried chromosome aberrations. Chromosome rearrangements were observed in both wheat and T. speltoides chromosomes. The frequency of chromosome rearrangements was high among the B-genome chromosomes, moderate among the A-genome chromosomes, and low among the D-genome chromosomes. In the B genome, the rearrangements were nonrandom, occurring most frequently in chromosomes 1B and 5B. Chromosome rearrangements were also frequent for the 6B(s) chromosome of T. speltoides. An intriguing aspect of these observations is that they indicate that wheat genomes can be subject to uneven rates of structural chromosome differentiation in spite of being in the same nucleus.

EFFECT OF THE D GENOME ON THE PROTEIN OF THREE CULTIVARS OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. DRONZEK ◽  
P. J. KALTSIKES ◽  
W. BUSHUK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Soluble Fractions

The protein compositions of the AABB tetraploid wheats derived from three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars, Prelude, Rescue and Thatcher, were compared with those of their hexaploid counterparts. Quantitative distribution of the soluble protein fractions showed that all wheats contained similar quantities of albumins and globulins. Tetraploids of Rescue and Thatcher contained more gliadin, more glutenin and less insoluble residue protein than the corresponding hexaploids. In contrast, the tetraploid of Prelude contained similar amounts of gliadin, glutenin and insoluble protein residue as its hexaploid. Amino acid compositions of the flour and the solubility fractions for all wheats examined were essentially the same. Electrophoretic patterns of the proteins in the four soluble fractions showed that significant qualitative differences existed among the cultivars studied. The patterns for each extracted tetraploid and its hexaploid counterpart were essentially the same.

scholarly journals Chromosome composition of an F2 Triticum aestivum×T. turgidum spp. durum cross analysed by DArT markers and MCFISH

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike S. Eberhard ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Anke Lehmensiek ◽  
Ray A. Hare ◽  
Steven Simpfendorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dart Markers ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
D Genome ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
B Genome

This study has employed multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (MCFISH) and Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers to determine the segregation of parental A, B and D genome material into the progeny of a cross between a hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. 2-49) and a tetraploid durum wheat [T. turgidum L. spp. durum (Desf.) var. Bellaroi]. In the F2 progeny from a 2-49/Bellaroi cross, 82 out of 83 F2 plants investigated with DArT analysis carried some D genome material, principally as entire chromosomes, while 40 plants included at least one complete copy of all seven D genome chromosomes. Twelve plants containing partial D chromosomes were identified. MCFISH analysis of 26 additional F2 plants of the same cross showed that all 26 plants contained varying amounts of D genome material of which three carried single A-D translocations. In addition two telocentric D genome chromosomes were detected. The D genome content of each line and the breakpoint positions of the three A-D translocations were confirmed with DArT marker analysis. Overall results indicate a random recombination of A and B genome loci from the hexaploid female parent and the tetraploid male parent in this F2 population and a significant retention of the maternal D genome material. This study illustrates that the combined application of the MCFISH and DArT techniques provides a powerful approach for the analysis of crosses between cereal genotypes of different ploidy.

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