Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. I. Genetic analyses in common wheat of a gametocidal gene derived from Aegilops speltoides

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
K. Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Alloplasmic Lines ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Gametocidal Gene

Alloplasmic lines of 12 common wheats carrying G-type cytoplasm derived from an aucheri-type strain of Aegilops speltoides show about 50% reduction of female fertility compared with the alloplasmic lines of the same common wheats carrying G-type cytoplasms from other sources. This reduction of female fertility is caused by a gametocidal gene derived from Ae. speltoides. This gene has been preferentially transmitted through 16 successive backcrosses in which common wheat was the recurrent pollen parent, and has been present in the heterozygous state in every backcross generation. The karyotype and meiotic chromosome pairing of hybrid from reciprocal crosses between (Ae. speltoides) – cv. Chinese Spring and (Triticum aestivum) – cv. Chinese Spring are normal, indicating that the gametocidal gene derived from an Ae. speltoides chromosome subsequently was translocated to a wheat chromosome. This is the first case reported of the integration of a gametocidal gene into a wheat genome; the symbol given to it is Gcl. The F1 female and male gametes not carrying this gene abort and, consequently, all F2 progeny are homozygous for the gene and fully fertile. The origin and distribution of the Gcl gene and its potential use for hybrid wheat production have been discussed.

Chromosome instability in wheat plants regenerated from suspension culture

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
K. C. Armstrong ◽  
R. J. Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Meiotic Configuration ◽  
Culture Suspension

Plants of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were regenerated from 30 calli obtained from suspension cultures. All four plants showed abnormal meiotic chromosome behaviour relative to the control. The average meiotic configuration over all plants was 1.55 I + 18.16 II + 0.30 III + 0.82 IV. In addition, an isochromosome was frequently observed in cells of all plants, which was indicative of centromeric breaks. Key words: culture (suspension), wheat, chromosome instability.

scholarly journals Dmc1 is a candidate for temperature tolerance during wheat meiosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracie Draeger ◽  
Azahara Martin ◽  
Abdul Kader Alabdullah ◽  
Ali Pendle ◽  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Recombination Gene

AbstractWe have assessed the effects of high and low temperatures on meiotic chromosome synapsis and crossover formation in the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Chinese Spring’. At low temperatures, asynapsis and chromosome univalence have been observed before in Chinese Spring lines lacking the long arm of chromosome 5D (5DL), which led to the proposal that 5DL carries a gene (Ltp1) that stabilises wheat chromosome pairing at low temperatures. In the current study, Chinese Spring wild type and 5DL interstitial deletion mutant plants were exposed to low (13°C) or high (30°C) temperatures in controlled environment rooms during a period from premeiotic interphase to early meiosis I. A 5DL deletion mutant was identified whose meiotic chromosomes exhibit extremely high levels of asynapsis and chromosome univalence at metaphase I after seven days at 13°C. This suggests that the mutant, which we name ttmei1 (temperature tolerance in meiosis 1) has a deletion of a gene that, like Ltp1, normally stabilises chromosome pairing at low temperatures. Immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins ASY1 and ZYP1 on ttmei1 mutants showed that low temperature results in a failure to complete synapsis at pachytene. After 24 hours at 30°C, ttmei1 mutants exhibited a reduced number of crossovers and increased univalence, but to a lesser extent than at 13°C. KASP genotyping revealed that ttmei1 has a 4 Mb deletion in 5DL. Of 41 genes within this deletion region, the strongest candidate for the stabilisation of chromosome pairing at low (and possibly high) temperatures is the meiotic recombination gene Dmc1.Key messageThe meiotic recombination gene Dmc1 on wheat chromosome 5D has been identified as a candidate for the maintenance of normal chromosome synapsis and crossover at low and possibly high temperatures.

Gametocidal genes in wheat and its relatives. III. Chromosome location and effects of two Aegilops speltoides-derived gametocidal genes in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsujimoto ◽  
K. Tsunewaki
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Common Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Present Gene

A new gametocidal gene was found in a common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring carrying the cytoplasm of Aegilops speltoides strain KU 5725 (Plant Germplasm Institute, Kyoto University). Monosomic analysis revealed that this gene and a previously known gametocidal gene Gc1, both derived from Ae. speltoides, are located on chromosome 2B. The two genes appear to be allelic and so have been designated as Gc1a (previous gene) and Gc1b (present gene). The two genes differ in their ability to induce hybrid dysgenesis in wheat: Gc1a causes endosperm degeneration and chromosome aberrations, whereas Gc1b results in abnormal seed lacking the shoot primodium. No correlation between embryo or endosperm degeneration and chromosome breakage was observed.Key words: wheat, Aegilops speltoides, gametocidal gene, hybrid dysgenesis, chromosome breakage.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis and mapping of leaf rust resistance in Aegilops speltoides Tausch derived bread wheat line Selection2427 carrying putative gametocidal gene(s)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1076-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Niranjana ◽  
Vinod ◽  
J.B. Sharma ◽  
Niharika Mallick ◽  
S.M.S. Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Gametocidal Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a major biotic stress affecting wheat yields worldwide. Host-plant resistance is the best method for controlling leaf rust. Aegilops speltoides is a good source of resistance against wheat rusts. To date, five Lr genes, Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, and Lr51, have been transferred from Ae. speltoides to bread wheat. In Selection2427, a bread wheat introgresed line with Ae. speltoides as the donor parent, a dominant gene for leaf rust resistance was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3B (LrS2427). None of the Lr genes introgressed from Ae. speltoides have been mapped to chromosome 3B. Since none of the designated seedling leaf rust resistance genes have been located on chromosome 3B, LrS2427 seems to be a novel gene. Selection2427 showed a unique property typical of gametocidal genes, that when crossed to other bread wheat cultivars, the F1 showed partial pollen sterility and poor seed setting, whilst Selection2427 showed reasonable male and female fertility. Accidental co-transfer of gametocidal genes with LrS2427 may have occurred in Selection2427. Though LrS2427 did not show any segregation distortion and assorted independently of putative gametocidal gene(s), its utilization will be difficult due to the selfish behavior of gametocidal genes.

Chilling injury and chlorotic reactions of euploids and aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of common wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aneuploid seedlings of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring (CS) that are nullisomic or telosomic for the long arm of chromosome 6D are susceptible to chilling injury under prolonged exposure to 6 °C; normal euploids or telosomics for the short arm are not. Studies of seedling grown for various durations at 20 °C prior to growth at 6 °C showed that chilling injury was a juvenile phenomenon and that the extent of injury was inversely proportional to the duration of growth at 20 °C to a maximum of about 14 days. When reciprocal crosses were made between susceptible 6D nullisomics or long-arm ditelocentrics of CS and resistant 6D nullisomics of three spring and one winter wheat cultivars, progenies from aneuploid F1 hybrids all segregated for susceptibility as a recessive trait and at a frequency approximating a dihybrid ratio; no cytoplasmic effects were detected. Aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of the spring wheat cvs. Cadet and Rescue were resistant, as were group 6 whole-chromosome substitutions of eight different donor wheats in the recipient parent CS and 56 other euploids tested. Genes for resistance to chilling injury appear to involve the group 6 chromosomes and the short arm of 6D in Chinese Spring. In contrast with chilling injury, all aneuploid lines with only four doses of the "corroded" loci on group 6 chromosomes exhibited chlorotic symptoms.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chilling injury.

Identification of an RFLP interval containing Pch2 on chromosome 7AL in wheat

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. de la Peña ◽  
Timothy D. Murray ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Eyespot Disease ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Recombinant Substitution Line ◽  
Selection Of

The gene Pch2 in 'Cappelle Desprez' is one of two genes found in hexaploid wheat known to confer resistance to eyespot disease. This study was conducted to develop an RFLP linkage map of the distal portion of wheat chromosome 7AL, and to locate and identify markers closely associated with Pch2 for use in marker-assisted selection. Ten loci in addition to Pch2 were mapped on chromosome 7AL, using segregation data from 102 homozygous chromosome 7A recombinant substitution lines derived from 'Chinese Spring' × 'Chinese Spring' ('Cappelle Desprez' 7A). The Pch2 locus was bracketed by two RFLP markers, one 11.0 cM distal to Xcdo347 and the other 18.8 cM proximal to Xwg380. The position of Pch2 on chromosome 7AL is similar to that of Pch1 on chromosome 7DL, suggesting that these resistance genes are homoeoloci. Although no single marker was closely linked to Pch2, simultaneous selection of the flanking RFLP markers Xcdo347 and Xwg380 could be used for selecting Pch2, since double recombination occurred in only 3% of the recombinant population. The use of the flanking RFLP markers to select for Pch2, in combination with previously identified Pch1-linked markers, would facilitate the development of cultivars carrying two genes for resistance to eyespot.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, recombinant substitution line.

STUDIES ON THE HYPOANEUPLOIDS OF COMMON WHEAT. III. PRODUCTION OF SEXTUPLE MONOSOMICS

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Shoji Shigenaga
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
A Genome

Two kinds of sextuple monosomics for A-genome chromosomes, namely, one plant simultaneously deficient for chromosomes 1A, 2A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A and the other deficient for 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and 6A, were produced in a systematic way in the variety Chinese Spring. Sextuple monosomics (15″ + 6′) were selected in the progenies of crosses between quintuple monosomics (16″ + 5′) and nullisomics (20″) which lacked the sixth pair of chromosomes. The sextuple monosomics were smaller, with reduced vigor and later maturity, compared with normal plants. They showed stable chromosome behavior in meiosis and retained fertility in both sexes. Female gametes with n = 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or 21 produced from the quintuple monosomics functioned well in fertilization.

FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN POLLEN QUARTETS OF COMMON WHEAT MONOSOMICS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morrison ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
The Common ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Common Wheat Variety

The frequency with which 20 different monosomes of the common wheat variety, Chinese Spring, formed micronuclei in pollen quartets was determined. It was found that unless the study was made at an early developmental stage characterized by a distinct cell wall surrounding the quartets, the counts were unreliable, because some micronuclei were lost. The frequency of micronucleus formation was similar for anthers of a floret, florets of a spike, and plants of a monosome. Among the monosomes studied, there were three groups of three and four of two in which the total frequency of quartets with micronuclei, and the distribution of numbers of micronuclei per quartet, were strikingly similar. In the case of the groups of three, two monosomes were from the A and B genomes while one was from the D genome. This is interpreted as evidence of homoeology of chromosomes of a group and also that such chromosomes have undergone less change than those that do not form such series.

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