Molecular mapping of wheat. Homoeologous group 3

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Nelson ◽  
Allen E. Van Deynze ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Enrique Autrique ◽  
Yun Hai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Grain Color ◽  
Group 3

A prerequisite for molecular level genetic studies and breeding in wheat is a molecular marker map detailing its similarities with those of other grass species in the Gramineae family. We have constructed restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) using 114 F7–8 lines from a synthetic × bread wheat cross. The map consists of 58 markers spanning 230 cM on chromosome 3A, 62 markers spanning 260 cM on 3B, and 40 markers spanning 171 cM on 3D. Thirteen libraries of genomic or cDNA clones from wheat, barley, and T. tauschii, the wheat D genome donor, are represented, facilitating the alignment and comparison of these maps with maps of other grass species. Twenty-four clones reveal homoeoloci on two of the three genomes and the associated linkages are largely comparable across genomes. A consensus sequence of orthologous loci in grass species genomes is assembled from this map and from existing maps of the chromosome-3 homoeologs in barley (Hordeum spp.), T. tauschii, and rice (Oryza spp.). It illustrates the close homoeology among the four species and the partial homoeology of wheat chromosome 3 with oat (Avena spp.) chromosome C. Two orthologous red grain color genes, R3 and R1, are mapped on chromosome arms 3BL and 3DL.Key words: RFLP, wheat, barley, Triticum tauschii, grain color.

Colour genes (R and Rc) for grain and coleoptile upregulate flavonoid biosynthesis genes in wheat

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Himi ◽  
Ahmed Nisar ◽  
Kazuhiko Noda
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Grain Color ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Pigmentation of wheat grain and coleoptile is controlled by the R gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3 and the Rc gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 7, respectively. Each of these genes is inherited monogenically. The pigment of grain has been suggested to be a derivative of catechin-tannin and that of coleoptile to be anthocyanin. These polyphenol compounds are known to be synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We isolated 4 partial nucleotide sequences of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR) in wheat. The expression of these genes was examined in the developing grain of red-grained and white-grained wheat lines. CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR were highly upregulated in the grain coat tissue of the red-grained lines, whereas there was no significant expression in the white-grained lines. These results indicate that the R gene is involved in the activation of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes. As for coleoptile pigmentation, all 4 genes were expressed in the red coleoptile; however, DFR was not activated in the white coleoptile. The Rc gene appears to be involved in DFR expression. The possibility that wheat R and Rc genes might be transcription factors is discussed.Key words: flavonoid biosynthesis genes, R gene for grain color, Rc gene for coleoptile color, wheat.

scholarly journals Comparative Mapping of Genes for Brittle Rachis in Triticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Watanabe ◽  
N. Takesada ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
P. Martinek
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Brittle Rachis ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Group 3

The brittle rachis phenotype is of adaptive value in wild grass species because it causes spontaneous spike shattering. The genes on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes determine the brittle rachis in Triticeae. A few genotypes with brittle rachis have also been found in the cultivated Triticum. Using microsatellite markers, the homoeologous genes for brittle rachis were mapped in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. conv. durum /Desf./) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. On chromosome 3AS, the gene for brittle rachis, Br<sub>2</sub>, was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgwm32, at the distance of 13.3 cM. Br<sub>3 </sub>was located on chromosome 3BS and linked with the centromeric marker,<br />Xgwm72 (14.2 cM). Br<sub>1 </sub>was located on chromosome 3DS. The distance from the centromeric marker Xgdm72 was 23.6 cM. The loci Br<sub>1</sub>, Br<sub>2</sub> and Br<sub>3</sub> determine disarticulation of rachides above the junction of the rachilla with the rachis so that a fragment of rachis is attached below each spikelet. The rachides of Ae. tauschii are brittle at every joint, so that the mature spike disarticulates into barrel type. The brittle rachis was determined by a dominant gene, Br<sup>t</sup>, which was linked to the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (19.7 cM), on chromosome 3DS. A D-genome introgression line, R-61, was derived from the cross Bet Hashita/Ae. tauschii, whose rachis disarticulated as a wedge type. The gene for brittle rachis of R-61, tentatively designated as Br<sup>61</sup>, was distally located on chromosome 3DS, and was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (27.5 cM). We discussed how the brittle rachis of R-61 originated genetically. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Molecular mapping of wheat. Homoeologous group 2

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Nelson ◽  
Allen E. Van Deynze ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Enrique Autrique ◽  
Yun Hai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes

A molecular-marker map of bread wheat having many markers in common with other grasses in the Gramineae family is a prerequisite for molecular level genetic studies and breeding in this crop species. We have constructed restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) using 114 F7 lines from a synthetic × bread wheat cross and clones from 11 libraries. Chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D comprise 57, 60, and 56 markers and each spans about 200 cM. Comparisons between chromosomes are facilitated by 26 sets of homoeoloci. Genes mapped include a heterologous abscisic acid responsive locus cloned as pBS128, the epidermal waxiness inhibitor W21, and two presumed leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes. Anomalies suggesting ancestral rearrangements in chromosome 2B are pointed out and features of wheat group 2 chromosomes that are common to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza spp.), and T. tauschii are discussed.Key words: RFLP, wheat, waxy, rust.

CYTOGENETICS OF SOLID STEM IN COMMON WHEAT: II. STEM SOLIDNESS OF MONOSOMIC LINES OF THE VARIETY S-615

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
M. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Solid Stem ◽  
Group 5

Lines of a variety of common wheat, S-615, monosomic for chromosomes III and XVI of homoeologous group 3 had culms less solid in the top internode than normal S-615. Monosomics of homoeologous group 5, namely, V, IX, and XVIII, were less solid in the bottom four internodes than S-615. These five chromosomes carry genes for solid stem in this variety. Monosomics XIX, XX, and XXI, the D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous groups 6, 2, and 7 respectively, were more solid than the normal check in both top and lower internodes, indicating that the missing chromosomes carry genes for hollow stem. Chromosome XIII, a homoeologue of XX, which in Chinese Spring has a gene for hollow stem, does not affect the amount of pith in the culm of S-615.The concept of the culm phenotype in a given environment resulting from an interaction of genes promoting pith development and those opposing it makes it possible to reconcile results of genetic experiments on solid stem in wheat that previously appeared contradictory.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genetic variability of homoeologous group 3 SSRS in bread wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
S. Chebotar ◽  
P. Sourdille ◽  
E. Paux ◽  
F. Balfourier ◽  
C. Feuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 3

Characterization and primary structure of the poly(C)-binding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex K protein

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
M J Matunis ◽  
W M Michael ◽  
G Dreyfuss
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Hnrnp Proteins

At least 20 major proteins make up the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) in mammalian cells. Many of these proteins have distinct RNA-binding specificities. The abundant, acidic heterogeneous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) K and J proteins (66 and 64 kDa, respectively, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are unique among the hnRNP proteins in their binding preference: they bind tenaciously to poly(C), and they are the major oligo(C)- and poly(C)-binding proteins in human HeLa cells. We purified K and J from HeLa cells by affinity chromatography and produced monoclonal antibodies to them. K and J are immunologically related and conserved among various vertebrates. Immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies shows that K and J are located in the nucleoplasm. cDNA clones for K were isolated, and their sequences were determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of K does not contain an RNP consensus sequence found in many characterized hnRNP proteins and shows no extensive homology to sequences of any known proteins. The K protein contains two internal repeats not found in other known proteins, as well as GlyArgGlyGly and GlyArgGlyGlyPhe sequences, which occur frequently in many RNA-binding proteins. Overall, K represents a novel type of hnRNA-binding protein. It is likely that K and J play a role in the nuclear metabolism of hnRNAs, particularly for pre-mRNAs that contain cytidine-rich sequences.

Molecular mapping of deletion sites in the short arm of chromosome 3 in human lung cancer

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiltrud Brauch ◽  
Kalman Tory ◽  
Frederick Kotler ◽  
Adi F. Gazdar ◽  
Olive S. Pettengill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Chromosome 3

Molecular cloning and biological characterization of the human excision repair gene ERCC-3

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2570-2581
Author(s):  
G Weeda ◽  
R C van Ham ◽  
R Masurel ◽  
A Westerveld ◽  
H Odijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Mammalian Expression ◽  
Group 3

In this report we present the cloning, partial characterization, and preliminary studies of the biological activity of a human gene, designated ERCC-3, involved in early steps of the nucleotide excision repair pathway. The gene was cloned after genomic DNA transfection of human (HeLa) chromosomal DNA together with dominant marker pSV3gptH to the UV-sensitive, incision-defective Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mutant 27-1. This mutant belongs to complementation group 3 of repair-deficient rodent mutants. After selection of UV-resistant primary and secondary 27-1 transformants, human sequences associated with the induced UV resistance were rescued in cosmids from the DNA of a secondary transformant by using a linked dominant marker copy and human repetitive DNA as probes. From coinheritance analysis of the ERCC-3 region in independent transformants, we deduce that the gene has a size of 35 to 45 kilobases, of which one essential segment has so far been refractory to cloning. Conserved unique human sequences hybridizing to a 3.0-kilobase mRNA were used to isolate apparently full-length cDNA clones. Upon transfection to 27-1 cells, the ERCC-3 cDNA, inserted in a mammalian expression vector, induced specific and (virtually) complete correction of the UV sensitivity and unscheduled DNA synthesis of mutants of complementation group 3 with very high efficiency. Mutant 27-1 is, unlike other mutants of complementation group 3, also very sensitive toward small alkylating agents. This unique property of the mutant is not corrected by introduction of the ERCC-3 cDNA, indicating that it may be caused by an independent second mutation in another repair function. By hybridization to DNA of a human x rodent hybrid cell panel, the ERCC-3 gene was assigned to chromosome 2, in agreement with data based on cell fusion (L. H. Thompson, A. V. Carrano, K. Sato, E. P. Salazar, B. F. White, S. A. Stewart, J. L. Minkler, and M. J. Siciliano, Somat. Cell. Mol. Genet. 13:539-551, 1987).

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