Prediction of heterosis in wheat using coefficient of parentage and RFLP-based estimates of genetic relationship

Genetic relationship can be a useful predictor of the relative performance of hybrid combinations for a hybrid breeding program resulting in reduced time and cost of hybrid testing. Genetic relationships of 112 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) lines were estimated using 41 DNA clones hybridizing to 273 DNA fragments and by calculating coefficient of parentage (COP). Heterosis was estimated for 722 hybrids grown in multiple locations, with 189 being tested in more than 1 year. The average RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) based genetic distance index (DI) was 0.35. Midparent heterosis for grain yield ranged from −20 to 57% and high-parent heterosis from −22 to 47%. The correlation between RFLP-based estimates of genetic distance and COP was nonsignificant (−0.33). Coefficient of parentage was significantly correlated with heterosis for all traits in 1991 but not in other years. Genetic distance based on RFLPs scored in this study was not correlated with heterosis in any of the years tested. Further refinement of gene pools and new prediction methods will be required to facilitate the exploitation of genetic variability for hybrid wheat improvement. Key words : wheat, heterosis, genetic distance.

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Genetic Relationships among Cultivars and Landraces of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) as Measured by RAPD Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.120.2.300 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 300-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

James Nienhuis ◽

Jan Tivang ◽

Paul Skroch ◽

Joao B. dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Major Gene ◽

Rapd Marker ◽

Lima Bean ◽

The United States ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Phaseolus Lunatus ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Size Number

Knowledge of relative genetic distance among genotypes is useful in a breeding program because it permits organization of germplasm resources. Genetic distance (GD) was estimated among 65 Phaselous lunatus L.. accessions, which included 4 large-seeded and 7 small-seeded cultivars and 54 germplasm accessions (landrace's) from the Caribbean and North, Central, and South America. Based on 125 polymorphic random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands, two major clusters, which generally correspond in seed size and geographic region to [be Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, were observed among the landraces (GD = 0.726 ± 0.041). Four Fordhook cultivars and a landrace from the United States formed a separate cluster that is more distantly related to the small- (GD) = 0.561 ± 0.039) than to the large-seeded cluster (GD = 0.303 ± 0.022). The mean GD between the Andean and Mesoamerican (0.726), Mesoamerican and Fordhook (0.561), and Andean and Fordhook (0.303) clusters were all significant. The significant GD between the Andean and Mesoamerican groups supports the hypothesized existence of two major gene pools in lima bean. The RAPD marker diversity of the Mesoamerican group was the largest (0.1 10), followed by the Andean (0.097) and Ford hook (0.062) groups. The plot of the relationship between the coefficient of variation (cv) and sample size (number of bands) indicates that cvs as low as 10% for estimating CD between Andean and Mesoamerican lima bean accessions can be achieved by sampling as few as 100 bands.

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Hubungan Genetik antara Domba Wonosobo (Dombos), Domba Ekor Tipis (DET) dan Domba Batur (Dombat) Melalui Analisis Polimorfisme Protein Darah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v11i1.4798 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

F Noviani ◽

Sutopo Sutopo ◽

E Kurnianto

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Key Words ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Gene Frequency ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Polymorphism Analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic relationships among Wonosobo sheep (Dombos), Thin-Tailed sheep (DET) and Batur sheep (Dombat) through blood protein polymorphism analysis by using electrophoresis Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis-Thin Layer Electrophoresis (PAGE-TLE). The blood of the 20 head of Dombos (Wonosobo regency), 20 head of DET (Semarang regency) and 20 head of Dombat (Banjarnegara regency) were used as materials. Six locus of blood plasma protein were observed, then the gene frequency, individual heterosigosity, average heterosigosity and genetic distance among three breed were calculated. The results showed that the locus of pre-albumin (Pa), albumin (Alb), ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), post-transferrin (P-tf) and amylase-I (Am-I), at DET, Dombos and Dombat were polymorphic (0,380-0,454). In conclusion, the DET and Dombat indicated the closer genetic relationship compared to DET-Dombos and Dombos-Dombat. Key words: sheep, polymorphism, genetic relationship

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Genetic relationships in Saccharum complex germplasm collections based on morphological and molecular markers

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v89i1.421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wiwit Budi WIDYASARI ◽

. DAMANHURI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Markers ◽

Saccharum Complex ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collections

and is a cross-pollinator, so information about the genetic relationship between the accessions in germplasm collections is very important for selecting the prospective parent in crossbreeding. This research aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship of 24 Saccharum complex accessions and to verify the grouping of accessions using 37 morphological and three microsatellite molecular markers. Interpretation of morphological and molecular data was obtained from the analysis using the NTYSYpc-2.02i program. The results show that within the 24 accessions analyzed using morphological markers, some accessions did not cluster as the classification at the conservation time. This difference is due to the morphological markers, descriptions of characters that do not appear are considered as the same variables though in different morphological characters, so this increases the value of genetic similarity among accessions analyzed. In contrast, the grouping of molecular markers shows that each accession was grouped according to the classification at the conservation time. These accessions had a low genetic similarity of 0.20 with a broad genetic distance of 0.80. This broad genetic distance indicates that the twenty-four accessions have a distant genetic relationship with one another, so that the genetic diversity of these accessions is relatively high. The high genetic diversity in germplasm collections improves its potential as a crossing parent to obtain a high heterosis effect.

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HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK ANTAR SEMBILAN AKSESI KELAPA ASAL PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v15n3.2009.139-144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

ELSJE TENDA ◽

MEITY TULALO ◽

MIFTAHORRACHMAN MIFTAHORRACHMAN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Distance ◽

Key Words ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Breeding Material ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Cocos Nucifera L ◽

Germplasm Accessions

ABSTRAKInformasi jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan sangatdiperlukan dalam merakit varietas unggul. Semakin jauh jarak genetikantar tetua maka peluang dihasilkan kultivar baru dengan variabilitasgenetik yang luas akan menjadi semakin besar. Sebaliknya, persilanganantar tetua berkerabat dekat akan menghasilkan variabilitas yang sempit.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2007 di Kabupaten MinahasaUtara, Minahasa Selatan dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Disetiap kabupaten ditetapkan tiga desa contoh pada ketinggian yangberbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkatkekerabatan dan jarak genetik sembilan aksesi plasma nutfah kelapa asalSulawesi Utara yang akan digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan dalamperakitan kelapa unggul. Untuk mengetahui kekerabatan antara sembilanaksesi kelapa tersebut diukur jarak genetiknya dengan menggunakanperhitungan nilai D 2 statistik dari Mahalanobis didasarkan pada delapankarakter komponen buah, yaitu panjang buah, lebar buah, berat buah utuh,berat buah tanpa sabut, berat buah tanpa air, berat daging buah, tebaldaging buah, dan berat tempurung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesembilan aksesi kelapa tersebut membentuk lima kelompok dan jarakgenetik terbesar terdapat antara kelompok II (Dalam Lansot, DalamMongkonai, Dalam Dua Saudara) dan IV (Dalam Kaleosan, Dalam Kema)dengan nilai D 2 = 2.196,57. Sumbangan terbesar terjadinya jarak genetiktersebut diperoleh dari karakter tebal daging buah.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L., kekerabatan, genetik, kelapa dalamABSTRACTGenetic relationship among nine coconut accessions fromNorth SulawesiThe research was conducted in May 2007 at North Minahasa, SouthMinahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow Regions, North Sulawesi Province.From each region, three villages with different elevation were determined.The objective of the research was to find out genetic relationship amongnine coconut germplasm accessions for breeding material in composinghigh yielding coconut. The genetic relationships were estimated using D 2Mahalanobis Statistics based on eight characters of fruit component, suchas length of fruit, width of fruit, fruit weight, unhusked fruit weight,weight of fruit without water, weight of endosperm, thickness of kernel,and weight of shell. The result showed that the nine accessions weredivided into five groups and the widest genetic distance had been foundbetween group II (Lansot Tall, Mongkonai Tall, Dua Saudara Tall) and IV(Kaleosan Tall, Kema Tall) with the D 2 value of 2,196.57. The highestcontribution to the genetic relationship was thick of kernel (50%contribution). Lansot Tall and Kaleosan Tall can be used as parents forprepotent coconut.Key words : Cocos nucifera L., genetic relationship, tall coconut

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Hubungan Genetik antara Domba Wonosobo (Dombos), Domba Ekor Tipis (DET) dan Domba Batur (Dombat) Melalui Analisis Polimorfisme Protein Darah

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.11.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

F Noviani ◽

Sutopo Sutopo ◽

E Kurnianto

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Key Words ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Gene Frequency ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Polymorphism Analysis

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Genetic Relationship of Ornamental Peach Determined Using AFLP Markers

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1782 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1782-1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Dongyan Hu ◽

Zuoshuang Zhang ◽

Donglin Zhang ◽

Qixiang Zhang ◽

Jianhua Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relationship ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Aflp Markers ◽

Urban Landscapes ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Close Genetic Relationship

Ornamental peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a popular plant for urban landscapes and gardens. However, the genetic relationship among ornamental peach cultivars is unclear. In this report, a group of 51 ornamental peach taxa, originated from P. persica and P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch., has been studied using AFLPs. The samples were collected from China, Japan, and US. A total of 275 useful markers ranging in size from 75 to 500 base pairs were generated using six EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer pairs. Among them, 265 bands were polymorphic. Total markers for each taxon ranged from 90 to 140 with an average of 120. Two clades were apparent on the PAUP–UPGMA tree with P. davidiana forming an outgroup to P. persica, indicates that P. davidiana contributed less to the ornamental peach gene pools. Within P. persica clade, 18 out of 20 upright ornamental peach cultivars formed a clade, which indicated that cultivars with upright growth habit had close genetic relationship. Five dwarf cultivars were grouped to one clade, supported by 81% bootstrap value, indicating that they probably derived from a common gene pool. These results demonstrated that AFLP markers are powerful for determining genetic relationships in ornamental peach. The genetic relationships among ornamental cultivars established in this study could be useful in ornamental peach identification, conservation, and breeding.

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Genetic relationships between resistances to Fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-010-1363-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 941-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Hao Bing Li ◽

Guo Qiang Xie ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Gui Ru Liu ◽

Shu Min Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight

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Phylogenetic relationships of five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) based on RAPD analysis

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-030 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 724-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wenguang Cao ◽

G Scoles ◽

P Hucl ◽

R N Chibbar

Keyword(s):

Hexaploid Wheat ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Rapd Analysis ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Morphological Classification ◽

Wild Wheat

The genetic relationships among the five groups of hexaploid wheat: common, spelta, macha, vavilovii, and semi-wild wheat (SWW) are not clear. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to assess phylogenetic relationships among these five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat. RAPD data were analyzed using the NTSYS-PC computer program to generate Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients. A dendrogram based on RAPD analysis grouped 15 accessions into five distinct clusters. These results are in agreement with those based on morphological classification, suggesting that common wheat is most closely related to SWW, followed by spelta, vavilovii, and macha.Key words: RAPD, macha, spelta, vavilovii, semi-wild wheat, phylogenetic relationships.

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Habitat differentiation between estuarine and inland Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) as revealed by retrotransposon-based SSAP marker

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt11041 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tian Tang ◽

Lian He ◽

Feng Peng ◽

Suhua Shi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽

Geographical Isolation ◽

Tidal Zone ◽

Ecological Scale ◽

Habitat Differentiation

Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) is a pantropical coastal tree that extends to the tidal zone. In this study, the retrotransposon sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP) technique was used in order to understand the genetic variation between four population pairs of H. tiliaceus from repeated estuarine and inland habitat contrasts in China. The estuarine populations were consistently more genetic variable compared with the inland ones, which may be attributed to extensive gene flow via water-drifted seeds and/or retrotransposon activation in stressful estuarine environments. An AMOVA revealed that 8.9% of the genetic variance could be explained by the habitat divergence within site, as compared with only 4.9% to geographical isolation between sites, which indicates significant habitat differentiation between the estuarine and inland populations. The estuarine populations were less differentiated (ΦST = 0.115) than the inland (ΦST = 0.152) implying frequent gene interchange in the former. Accordingly, the principal coordinate analysis of genetic distance between individuals revealed that genetic relationships are not fully consistent with the geographic association. These results suggest that despite substantial gene flow via sea-drifted seeds, habitat-related divergent selection could be one of the primary mechanisms that drive habitat differentiation in H. tiliaceus at a local ecological scale.

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Karat winter wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-028 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 207-210

Author(s):

H. G. Nass ◽

H. W. Johnston ◽

E. Hansel ◽

R. Blatt ◽

C. Caldwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Septoria Nodorum ◽

Bread Making ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Key Words Wheat ◽

Glume Blotch ◽

Cultivar Description

Karat is a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with bread making quality, high grain yield, and adequate straw strength. It is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis D.C. ex. Merat f. sp. tritici Marchal) and septoria leaf and glume blotch (caused by Septoria nodorum Berk.) and is suited for production in areas of Eastern Canada where winter survival is not a problem. Key words: Wheat (winter), cultivar description

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