Dietary Reference Intakes for the micronutrients: considerations for physical activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J Whiting ◽  
Wade A Barabash

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of recommendations for healthy persons. For the most part, recommendations are determined experimentally under controlled conditions of light activity. During increased physical activity, it is expected that micronutrient requirements would increase relative to the inactive state. Micronutrients of interest to athletes are those associated with oxygen handling and delivery, such as iron, and vitamin D, a newly emerging function of which is to maintain muscle strength. The DRI report on electrolytes (including water) is the most recent set of recommendations. In addition to recommendations for intakes to meet needs, many micronutrients have an upper level that indicates caution in consuming a large amount. We illustrate the process of setting DRI values for the micronutrients (including electrolytes and water), and provide a summary of instances where physical activity needs were considered when DRI values were derived. Understanding the origin of DRI values for micronutrients will assist in understanding how to use the values in assessment and planning.Key words: iron, vitamin D, electrolytes, physical activity, nutrient reference standards, adverse effects.

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davis A Englund ◽  
Dylan R Kirn ◽  
Afsaneh Koochek ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Thomas G Travison ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Nutritional supplementation and physical activity have been shown to positively influence muscle mass and strength in older adults. The efficacy of long-term nutritional supplementation in combination with physical activity in older adults remains unclear. Methods Mobility-limited (short physical performance battery [SPPB] ≤9) and vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH) D 9–24 ng/mL) older adults were recruited for this study. All subjects participated in a physical activity program. Subjects were randomized to consume a daily nutritional supplement (150 kcal, 20 g whey protein, 800 IU vitamin D, 119 mL beverage) or placebo (30 kcal, nonnutritive, 119 mL). In a prespecified secondary analysis, we examined total-body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), thigh composition (computed tomography), and muscle strength, power, and quality before and after the 6-month intervention. Results One hundred and forty-nine subjects were randomized into the study [mean (standard deviation, SD) age 78.5 (5.4) years; 46.3% female; mean (SD) short physical performance battery 7.9 (1.2); mean (SD) vitamin D 18.7 (6.4) ng/mL]. After the intervention period both groups demonstrated improvements in muscle strength, body composition, and thigh composition. Nutritional supplementation lead to further losses of intermuscular fat (p = .049) and increased normal muscle density (p = .018). Conclusions Six months of physical activity resulted in improvements in body composition, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and strength measures. The addition of nutritional supplementation resulted in further declines in intermuscular fat and improved muscle density compared to placebo. These results suggest nutritional supplementation provides additional benefits to mobility-limited older adults undergoing exercise training. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01542892


Diabetes Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monirah M. Almurdhi ◽  
Neil D. Reeves ◽  
Frank L. Bowling ◽  
Andrew J.M. Boulton ◽  
Maria Jeziorska ◽  
...  

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