Is there a gender difference between ACE gene and race distance?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Ki Min ◽  
Kazuei Takahashi ◽  
Hideaki Ishigami ◽  
Kenji Hiranuma ◽  
Masuhiko Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
Track Athletes

We aimed to examine the association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene (insertion (I) and deletion (D)) polymorphism in Japanese university track athletes and race distance, as well as to evaluate the gender effects on this association. The ACE I/D allele frequency was determined in 277 athletes (176 men, 101 women; aged 19.7 ± 1.2 years), who were then grouped on the basis of their major competitive race distances (short distance (SD), ≤200 m; middle distance (MD), 400–800 m, and long distance (LD), ≥1500 m). The ACE I allele frequency increased with the distance (44.4%, 48.4%, and 66.2% for the SD (n = 107), MD (n = 62), and LD (n = 108) groups, respectively; p < 0.001, χ2 test). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, significant associations between ACE genotype and race distance were observed only in male athletes (ID vs. SD, p = 0.004; ID vs. LD, p = 0.030; II vs. LD, p = 0.001). There was no significant association between ACE genotype and race distance in female athletes. We conclude that the ACE I allele is overrepresented in endurance athletes, and that its frequency varies depending on gender.

Comparison of Risk Factors of Falling for Psychiatric Inpatients and General Ward Inpatients Who Had Fallen

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110330
Author(s):  
Wen P. Chang ◽  
Hsiu J. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factors For Falling

BACKGROUND: For psychiatric patients, the issue of falling is complex. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the risk factors for falling in psychiatric inpatients and general ward inpatients who had fallen. METHODS: The researchers first derived official fall records for 122 psychiatric inpatients and then selected 122 psychiatric inpatients who had not fallen as well as 122 general ward patients who had fallen, matched for gender, age, and length of hospital stay at the time of the fall incident. RESULTS: After controlling other variables, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that psychiatric inpatients who had fallen and had dizziness (odds ratio [OR] = 7.11, p < .001), had an unsteady gait (OR = 1.97, p = .030), or were not using aids (OR = 0.42, p = .042) were at greater risk of falling than those who had not fallen. The researchers also found that general ward inpatients who had fallen and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (OR = 1.77, p < .001), were clear-headed (OR = 27.15, p = .001), had dizziness (OR = 11.55, p < .001), were unable to walk (OR = 64.28, p < .001), or were using aids (OR = 3.86, p = .001) were at greater risk of falling than those who had not fallen before. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of falling among psychiatric inpatients and general ward inpatients are different. Medical personnel should understand the medications and attributes of patients for an accurate assessment of their risk factors for falling and thus implement fall prevention measures and health education to reduce falls.

scholarly journals Association between Social Integration and Face Mask Use Behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4717
Author(s):  
Nobutoshi Nawa ◽  
Yui Yamaoka ◽  
Yuna Koyama ◽  
Hisaaki Nishimura ◽  
Shiro Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Use Behavior

Face mask use is a critical behavior to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the association between social integration and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, Japan. Data included 645 adults in the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic, between 14 June 2020 and 5 July 2020, in Utsunomiya City. Social integration before the pandemic was assessed by counting the number of social roles, based on the Cohen’s social network index. Face mask use before and during the pandemic was assessed by questionnaire, and participants were categorized into consistent mask users, new users, and current non-users. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between lower social integration score and face mask use. To account for possible differential non-response bias, non-response weights were used. Of the 645 participants, 172 (26.7%) were consistent mask users and 460 (71.3%) were new users, while 13 (2.0%) were current non-users. Lower social integration level was positively associated with non-users (RRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82). Social integration may be important to promote face mask use.

scholarly journals Assessing visuo-constructive functions in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease with the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Valencia ◽  
Johann Lehrner
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

Summary Background Visuo-Constructive functions have considerable potential for the early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease. Objectives Using the Vienna Visuo-Constructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0), we measured visuo-constructive functions in subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls to determine whether VVT performance can be used to distinguish these groups. Materials and methods Data of 671 participants was analyzed comparing scores across diagnostic groups and exploring associations with relevant clinical variables. Predictive validity was assessed using Receiver Operator Characteristic curves and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results We found significant differences between AD and the other groups. Identification of cases suffering from visuo-constructive impairment was possible using VVT scores, but these did not permit classification into diagnostic subgroups. Conclusions In summary, VVT scores are useful indicators for visuo-constructive impairment but face challenges when attempting to discriminate between several diagnostic groups.

scholarly journals Individual socioeconomic and neighborhood factors predict changes in sports activity during the transition to retirement

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Jürgens ◽  
Benjamin Schüz
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Transition To Retirement ◽  
Potential Interactions

Abstract Background There are substantial socioeconomic status (SES) differences in sports activity (SA) during the transition to retirement. In line with social-ecological models, the aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the association of perceptions of social and physical neighborhood factors with changes in SA across the retirement transition and to examine potential interactions with SES factors. Methods Data from 6 waves of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) provided 710 participants (at baseline: mean age 61.1, 52.9% of men) who retired between baseline (1996, 2002, 2008, 2011) and their 6-year follow-up assessment. Associations between changes in SA (increases and decreases compared to retaining) and individual SES and neighborhood factors were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results Increases were observed in 18.45% of participants, decreases in 10%. Occupational prestige was a risk factor for decreases, education a resource for increases in SA. Interactions between household income and several neighborhood factors were observed. Conclusions In line with social-ecological models, individual, neighborhood factors and interacting associations were found. In particular safety perceptions could be a resource for promotion SA in older adults who experience disadvantage.

On Gang Affiliation, Gang Databases, and Prosecutorial Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Caudill ◽  
Chad R. Trulson ◽  
James W. Marquart ◽  
Matt DeLisi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Gang Affiliation ◽  
Legal Consequences

Technological advances have enabled criminal justice organizations to collect and share offender data. Accompanying these advances are concerns about how various segments of the criminal justice system utilize these data. Specifically, scholars have expressed concerns about the legal consequences of being included in gang databases. This study explored the use of gang affiliation indicators on prosecutorial outcomes by using a sample of 5,111 urban juvenile cases. Using three binary measures of gang affiliation, multinomial logistic regression analysis suggested indicators of gang affiliation influenced prosecutorial outcomes (dismissal, pre-adjudication informal supervision, deferred prosecution, or petition), but in an unanticipated manner. Confirmed gang affiliates, instead of suspected or non-gang affiliates, were significantly more likely to experience pre-adjudication informal supervision over other forms of case outcomes: case dismissal, deferred prosecution, or court petition. Policy implications focus on the inter-connectedness of the criminal justice system.

Prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescent girls: impact of urbanization in rural–urban interface of Bangalore

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi ◽  
K.B. Umesh ◽  
B.C. Ashwini ◽  
K.R. Hamsa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

PurposeIndia is facing a double burden of malnutrition, i.e. undernutrition and obesity. Women and adolescent health and nutrition are very relevant issues which have not received much attention it deserves in India, especially in the context of a girl child. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls as well as the associated factors.Design/methodology/approachAn attempt was made to assess malnutrition among women and adolescent girls and associated factors. The required data was collected from the north (616) and south transects (659) sample households of Bangalore constituting a total sample size of 1,275. The data was analyzed by adopting multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis using STATA software.FindingsThe effects of this study simply confirmed that, urbanization had an instantaneous effect on dietary repute of women and adolescent girls, while transferring throughout the gradient from rural to urban with the growing significance of weight problems and obese. In adolescent girls, about 31% were underweight followed by normal weight and overweight across rural–urban interface of Bangalore. The factors such as education, consumption of meat and animal products, a dummy for urban, diabetes and blood pressure were significantly and positively influencing the nutritional status (Body Mass Index) of women across rural–urban interface. While consumption of vegetables, wealth index and per capita income had a positive and significant influence on the nutritional status of adolescent girls.Originality/valueWith limited studies and data available in Karnataka, especially in Bengaluru, one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Against this backdrop, the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among women and adolescents and its association with various socio-economic variables.

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