Postexercise heart rate recovery in children: relationship with power output, blood pH, and lactate

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Buchheit ◽  
Pascale Duché ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Sébastien Ratel
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

The aim of the present study was to determine whether differences in age-related heart rate recovery (HRR) kinetics were associated with differences in power output, blood lactate concentration ([La]b), and acidosis among children, adolescents, and adults. Ten prepubertal boys (aged 9.6 ± 0.7 years), 6 pubertal boys (aged 15.2 ± 0.8 years), and 7 men (aged 20.4 ± 1.0 years) performed 10 repeated 10-s all-out cycling sprints, interspersed with 5-min passive recovery intervals. Mean power output (MPO) was measured during each sprint, and HRR, [La]b, and acidosis (pHb) were determined immediately after each sprint. Children displayed a shorter time constant of the primary component of HRR than adolescents and adults (17.5 ± 4.1 vs. 38.0 ± 5.3 and 36.9 ± 4.9 s, p < 0.001 for both), but no difference was observed between adolescents and adults (p = 1.00). MPO, [La]b, and pHb were also lower in children compared with the other 2 groups (p < 0.001 for both). When data were pooled, HRR was significantly correlated with MPO (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), [La]b (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and pHb (r = –0.60, p < 0.001). Covarying for MPO, [La]b, or pHb abolished the between-group differences in HRR (p = 0.42, p = 0.19, and p = 0.16, respectively). Anaerobic glycolytic contribution and power output explained a significant portion of the HRR variance following high-intensity intermittent exercise. The faster HRR kinetic observed in children appears to be related, at least in part, to their lower work rate and inherent lack of anaerobic metabolic capacity.

scholarly journals Influence of Intensity RAMP Incremental Test on Peak Power, Post-Exercise Blood Lactate, and Heart Rate Recovery in Males: Cross-Over Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3934
Author(s):  
Kamil Michalik ◽  
Kuba Korta ◽  
Natalia Danek ◽  
Marcin Smolarek ◽  
Marek Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test

Background: The linearly increased loading (RAMP) incremental test is a method commonly used to evaluate physical performance in a laboratory, but the best-designed protocol remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the selected variables used in training control resulting from the two different intensities of RAMP incremental tests. Methods: Twenty healthy and physically active men took part in this experiment. The tests included two visits to a laboratory, during which anthropometric measurements, incremental test on a cycle ergometer, and examinations of heart rate and blood lactate concentration were made. The cross-over study design method was used. The subjects underwent a randomly selected RAMP test with incremental load: 0.278 W·s−1 or 0.556 W·s−1. They performed the second test a week later. Results: Peak power output was significantly higher by 51.69 W (p < 0.001; t = 13.10; ES = 1.13) in the 0.556 W·s−1 group. Total work done was significantly higher in the 0.278 W·s−1 group by 71.93 kJ (p < 0.001; t = 12.55; ES = 1.57). Maximal heart rate was significantly higher in the 0.278 W·s−1 group by 3.30 bpm (p < 0.01; t = 3.72; ES = 0.48). There were no statistically significant differences in heart rate recovery and peak blood lactate. Conclusions: We recommend use of the 0.556 W·s−1 RAMP protocol because it is of shorter duration compared with 0.278 W·s−1 and as such practically easier and of less effort for subjects.

Association Between Deoxygenated Hemoglobin Breaking Point, Anaerobic Threshold, and Rowing Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109
Author(s):  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Rafael Penteado dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Alves de Aguiar ◽  
Thiago Loch ◽  
Leonardo Trevisol Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Deoxygenated Hemoglobin

Purpose: To compare the intensity and physiological responses of deoxygenated hemoglobin breaking point ([HHb]BP) and anaerobic threshold (AnT) during an incremental test and to verify their association with 2000-m rowing-ergometer performance in well-trained rowers. Methods: A total of 13 male rowers (mean [SD] age = 24 [11] y and  = 63.7 [6.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a step incremental test. Gas exchange, vastus lateralis [HHb], and blood lactate concentration were measured. Power output, , and heart rate of [HHb]BP and AnT were determined and compared with each other. A 2000-m test was performed in another visit. Results: No differences were found between [HHb]BP and AnT in the power output (236 [31] vs 234 [31] W; Δ = 0.7%), 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7%), (4.2 [0.5] vs 4.3 [0.4] L·min−1; Δ = −0.8%, 95% CI 4.0%), or heart rate (180 [16] vs 182 [12] beats·min−1; Δ = −1.6%, 95% CI 2.1%); however, there was high typical error of estimate (TEE) and wide 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for power output (TEE 10.7%, LoA 54.1–50.6 W), (TEE 5.9%, LoA −0.57 to 0.63 L·min−1), and heart rate (TEE 2.4%, LoA −9.6 to 14.7 beats·min−1). Significant correlations were observed between [HHb]BP (r = .70) and AnT (r = .89) with 2000-m mean power. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a breaking point in [HHb] of the vastus lateralis muscle during the incremental test that is capable of distinguishing rowers with different performance levels. However, the high random error would compromise the use of [HHb]BP for training and testing in rowing.

Does Upper-Body Compression Improve 3 × 3-Min Double-Poling Sprint Performance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Dennis-Peter Born ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Anna Hauser ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Double Poling

Purpose:To evaluate whether upper-body compression affects power output and selected metabolic, cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and perceptual responses during three 3-min sessions of double-poling (DP) sprint.Method:Ten well-trained male athletes (25 ± 4 y, 180 ± 4 cm, 74.6 ± 3.2 kg) performed such sprints on a DP ski ergometer with and without a long-sleeved compression garment.Result:Mean power output was not affected by such compression (216 ± 25 W in both cases; P = 1.00, effect size [ES] = 0.00), although blood lactate concentration was lowered (P < .05, ES = 0.50–1.02). Blood gases (ES = 0.07–0.50), oxygen uptake (ES = 0.04–0.28), production of carbon dioxide (ES = 0.01–0.46), heart rate (ES = 0.00–0.21), stroke volume (ES = 0.33–0.81), and cardiac output (ES = 0.20–0.91) were also all unaffected by upper-body compression (best P = 1.00). This was also the case for changes in the tissue saturation index (ES = 0.45–1.17) and total blood content of hemoglobin (ES = 0.09–0.85), as well as ratings of perceived exertion (ES = 0.15–0.88; best P = .96).Conclusion:The authors conclude that the performance of well-trained athletes during 3 × 3-min DP sprints will not be enhanced by upper-body compression.

scholarly journals Wearing Colored Glasses can Influence Exercise Performance and Testosterone concentration?

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. E46-E51 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Londe ◽  
Moacir Marocolo ◽  
Isabela Marocolo ◽  
James Fisher ◽  
Octavio Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Post Test

AbstractPerception of red color is associated with higher testosterone concentration and better human performance. Thus, we evaluated the acute effects of wearing colored-lens glasses on the YoYo intermittent endurance exercise test 2 (YoYoIE2) performance indicators and testosterone concentration. Ten soccer players performed three YoYoIE2 (counterbalanced crossover) wearing colorless (control), blue- or red-lensed glasses (2–4 days of rest in between). YoYoIE2 performance did not differ among the trials (p>0.05), but blood testosterone increased post-exercise in red compared to red baseline (red=14%, effect size=0.75). Analysis showed faster heart rate recovery (p<0.05) at 1 min post-test for blue compared to red lenses. Rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration did not differ (p>0.05) among the trials. Wearing red-colored lenses during high-intensity intermittent exercise increased testosterone concentration, but do not influence performance.

scholarly journals Applicability of Maximal Ergometer Testing and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Endurance and Sprint Trained Swimmers

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Adam J. Pinos ◽  
Elton M. Fernandes ◽  
Eric Viana ◽  
Heather M. Logan-Sprenger ◽  
David J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Sprint Swimming

Sprint swimming is a short duration, high intensity sport requiring a relatively greater contribution of energy from anaerobic metabolism. Understanding energy system utilization for the classification of a competitive swimmer (sprint or distance) may be useful for both training prescription and event specialization. The relationship between anaerobic swim ergometer testing and adolescent sprint swimming performance has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance and physiological responses during a maximal all-out ergometer test as well as the maximal anaerobic lactate test in a group of sprint vs. middle-distance specialized swimmers. Sixteen (n = 16) competitive swimmers (mean ± standard deviation (SD), age 16.8 ± 0.7 year; body mass 67.3 ± 9.8 kg) were categorized into two gender matched groups: sprint (n = 8) and middle-distance (n = 8). Each athlete performed (1) a 45 s swim ergometer maximal test to determine peak and mean power output (Watts (W)), (2) a MANLT test to determine peak and average velocity as well as the post-exercise lactate response, and (3) a 50 m swim time trial. The sprint group showed a higher mean (p = 0.026) and peak (p = 0.031) velocity during the MANLT. In addition, blood lactate concentration was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the sprint vs. middle-distance trained group at 3 and 12 min after completion of the MANLT (3-min post 11.29 ± 2.32 vs. 9.55 ± 3.48 mmol/L; 12-min post 8.23 ± 2.28 vs. 7.05 ± 2.47 mmol/L). The power output during the 45 s all-out swimming ergometer test was higher in the sprint trained group. The results of this study demonstrate the anaerobic contribution to sprint swimming measured during an all-out dryland ergometer test.

scholarly journals The Inclusion of Sprints in Low-Intensity Sessions During the Transition Period of Elite Cyclists Improves Endurance Performance 6 Weeks Into the Subsequent Preparatory Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Madison Taylor ◽  
Nicki Almquist ◽  
Bent Rønnestad ◽  
Arnt Erik Tjønna ◽  
Morten Kristoffersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Elite Cyclists

Purpose: To investigate the effects of including repeated sprints in a weekly low-intensity (LIT) session during a 3-week transition period on cycling performance 6 weeks into the subsequent preparatory period (PREP) in elite cyclists. Methods: Eleven elite male cyclists (age = 22.0 [3.8] y, body mass = 73.0 [5.8] kg, height = 186 [7] cm, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] = 5469 [384] mL·min−1) reduced their training load by 64% and performed only LIT sessions (CON, n = 6) or included 3 sets of 3 × 30-second maximal sprints in a weekly LIT session (SPR, n = 5) during a 3-week transition period. There was no difference in the reduction in training load during the transition period between groups. Physiological and performance measures were compared between the end of the competitive period and 6 weeks into the PREP. Results: SPR demonstrated a 7.3% (7.2%) improvement in mean power output during a 20-minute all-out test at PREP, which was greater than CON (−1.3% [4.6%]) (P = .048). SPR had a corresponding 7.0% (3.6%) improvement in average VO2 during the 20-minute all-out test, which was larger than the 0.7% (6.0%) change in CON (P = .042). No change in VO2max, gross efficiency, or power output at blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1 from competitive period to PREP occurred in either group. Conclusion: Including sprints in a weekly LIT session during the transition period of elite cyclists provided a performance advantage 6 weeks into the subsequent PREP, which coincided with a higher performance VO2.

scholarly journals Effect of pedal rate on primary and slow-component oxygen uptake responses during heavy-cycle exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie S. M. Pringle ◽  
Jonathan H. Doust ◽  
Helen Carter ◽  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Pedal Rate

We hypothesized that a higher pedal rate (assumed to result in a greater proportional contribution of type II motor units) would be associated with an increased amplitude of the O2 uptake (V˙o 2) slow component during heavy-cycle exercise. Ten subjects (mean ± SD, age 26 ± 4 yr, body mass 71.5 ± 7.9 kg) completed a series of square-wave transitions to heavy exercise at pedal rates of 35, 75, and 115 rpm. The exercise power output was set at 50% of the difference between the pedal rate-specific ventilatory threshold and peakV˙o 2, and the baseline power output was adjusted to account for differences in the O2 cost of unloaded pedaling. The gain of the V˙o 2primary component was significantly higher at 35 rpm compared with 75 and 115 rpm (mean ± SE, 10.6 ± 0.3, 9.5 ± 0.2, and 8.9 ± 0.4 ml · min−1 · W−1, respectively; P < 0.05). The amplitude of theV˙o 2 slow component was significantly greater at 115 rpm (328 ± 29 ml/min) compared with 35 rpm (109 ± 30 ml/min) and 75 rpm (202 ± 38 ml/min) ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the time constants or time delays associated with the primary and slow components across the pedal rates. The change in blood lactate concentration was significantly greater at 115 rpm (3.7 ± 0.2 mM) and 75 rpm (2.8 ± 0.3 mM) compared with 35 rpm (1.7 ± 0.4 mM) ( P < 0.05). These data indicate that pedal rate influences V˙o 2 kinetics during heavy exercise at the same relative intensity, presumably by altering motor unit recruitment patterns.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a 30-Week Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training Program in Preparation for an Ultra-Endurance Handcycling Challenge: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonpaul Nevin ◽  
Paul Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Ultra Endurance

Purpose: The aim of the following case study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 30-week concurrent strength and endurance training program designed to prepare a trained H4 male handcyclist (aged 28 y, bilateral, above knee amputee, and body mass 65.6 kg) for a 1407-km ultra-endurance handcycling challenge. Methods: This observational case study tracked selected physiological measures, training intensity distribution, and total training load over the course of a 30-week concurrent training protocol. Furthermore, the athlete’s performance profile during the ultra-endurance challenge was monitored with power output, cadence, speed, and heart rate recorded throughout. Results: Findings revealed considerable improvements in power output at a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1 (+25.7%), peak aerobic power output (+18.9%), power-to-mass ratio (+18.3%), relative peak oxygen uptake (+13.9%), gross mechanical efficiency (+4.6%), bench press 1-repetition maximum (+4.3%), and prone bench pull 1-repetition maximum (+14.9%). The athlete completed the 1407-km route in a new handcycling world record time of 89:55 hours. Average speed was 18.7 (2.1) km·h−1; cadence averaged 70.0 (2.6) rpm, while average power output was 67 (12) W. In terms of internal load, the athlete’s average heart rate was 111 (11) beats per minute. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate how a long-term concurrent strength and endurance training program can be used to optimize handcycling performance capabilities in preparation for an ultra-endurance cycling event. Knowledge emerging from this case study provides valuable information that can guide best practices with respect to handcycling training for ultra-endurance events.

scholarly journals Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Responses Associated With Self-Selected Versus Standardized Recovery Periods During a Repeated Sprint Protocol in Elite Youth Football Players: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Callum Brownstein ◽  
Derek Ball ◽  
Craig Twist
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:To examine the physiological and perceptual responses of youth footballers to a repeated sprint protocol employing standardized and self-selected recovery.Methods:Eleven male participants (13.7 ± 1.1 years) performed a repeated sprint assessment comprising 10 × 30 m efforts. Employing a randomized cross-over design, repeated sprints were performed using 30 s and self-selected recovery periods. Heart rate was monitored continuously with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and lower body muscle power measured 2 min after the final sprint. The concentration of blood lactate was measured at 2, 5 and 7 min post sprinting. Magnitude of effects were reported using effect size (ES) statistics ± 90% confidence interval and percentage differences. Differences between trials were examined using paired student t tests (p < .05).Results:Self-selected recovery resulted in most likely shorter recovery times (57.7%; ES 1.55 ± 0.5; p < .01), a most likely increase in percentage decrement (65%; ES 0.36 ± 0.21; p = .12), very likely lower heart rate recovery (-58.9%; ES -1.10 ± 0.72; p = .05), and likely higher blood lactate concentration (p = .08–0.02). Differences in lower body power and RPE were unclear (p > .05).Conclusion:Self-selected recovery periods compromise repeated sprint performance.

The Effects of 4 Different Recovery Strategies on Repeat Sprint-Cycling Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 542-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Matthew W. Driller ◽  
Tammie R. Ebert ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Shona L. Halson
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Mean Power Output

Purpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of different recovery strategies on repeat cycling performance where a short duration between exercise bouts is required.Methods:Eleven highly trained cyclists (mean ± SD; age = 31 ± 6 y, mass = 74.6 ± 10.6 kg, height = 180.5 ± 8.1 cm) completed 4 trials each consisting of three 30-s maximal sprints (S1, S2, S3) on a cycle ergometer, separated by 20-min recovery periods. In a counterbalanced, crossover design, each trial involved subjects performing 1 of 4 recovery strategies: compression garments (COMP), electronic muscle stimulation (EMS), humidification therapy (HUM), and a passive control (CON). The sprint tests implemented a 60-s preload (at an intensity of 4.5 W/kg) before a 30-s maximal sprint. Mean power outputs (W) for the 3 sprints, in combination with perceived recovery and blood lactate concentration, were used to examine the effect of each recovery strategy.Results:In CON, S2 and S3 were (mean ± SD) –2.1% ± 3.9% and –3.1% ± 4.2% lower than S1, respectively. Compared with CON, COMP resulted in a higher mean power output from S1 to S2 (mean ± 90%CL: 0.8% ± 1.2%; possibly beneficial) and from S1 to S3 (1.2% ± 1.9%; possibly beneficial), while HUM showed a higher mean power output from S1 to S3 (2.2% ± 2.5%; likely beneficial) relative to CON.Conclusion:The authors suggest that both COMP and HUM may be effective strategies to enhance recovery between repeated sprint-cycling bouts separated by ~30 min.

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