Truck braking distance and speed estimates

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. D. Navin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Truck Accidents ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Final Equation

The most frequently cited cause of truck accidents is “speed too fast for prevailing conditions.” To cite this cause, a speed estimate is necessary. This paper shows the factors that should be considered. The factors most useful in estimating a truck's braking capability include vehicle configuration, loading, location of the centre of mass, and axles with brakes. The exact value of some of the variables is difficult to obtain.The formulation proposed in this paper builds on a simple and effective procedure used by police agencies to estimate speed from skid marks. The formula given by R. Rivers' “Traffic accident investigator's handbook” is formalized and the elements in his correction factor N are derived. Basic equations for the braking of straight trucks and combinations are derived. The difficulty of implementing the equations in practice for all but the simplest situation is obvious from the complexity of the equations. A lumping of all the parameters into a simplified form is developed based on truck stopping distances obtained from published experimental data. All the trucks in the data had well-adjusted brakes. The final equation to estimate speed from a truck's skid marks accounts for the average ability of such vehicles to stop as well as the variance in stopping ability. Key words: truck braking, braking efficiency, stopping sight distance, skid marks.

scholarly journals A New Model of Stopping Sight Distance of Curve Braking Based on Vehicle Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-xia Xia ◽  
De-hua Wu ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
Deng-feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Model ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Experimental Values

Compared with straight-line braking, cornering brake has longer braking distance and poorer stability. Therefore, drivers are more prone to making mistakes. The braking process and the dynamics of vehicles in emergency situations on curves were analyzed. A biaxial four-wheel vehicle was simplified to a single model. Considering the braking process, dynamics, force distribution, and stability, a stopping sight distance of the curve braking calculation model was built. Then a driver-vehicle-road simulation platform was built using multibody dynamic software. The vehicle test of brake-in-turn was realized in this platform. The comparison of experimental and calculated values verified the reliability of the computational model. Eventually, the experimental values and calculated values were compared with the stopping sight distance recommended by the Highway Route Design Specification (JTGD20-2006); the current specification of stopping sight distance does not apply to cornering brake sight distance requirements. In this paper, the general values and limits of the curve stopping sight distance are presented.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERILAKU PENGENDARA DAN JARAK PANDANG HENTI SEPEDA MOTOR MATIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Erika Buchari ◽  
Ahmad Gilang Dwi Junanta
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Motorcycle Industry ◽  
Multi Linear Regression ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The growth of Matic-Motorcycle in Indonesia is increased steeply lately. According to Assosiasion of Indonesian Motorcycle Industry, AISI the sales of matic motorcycle have achieved 75,49% (3,639,000) of the wholesaler 4,821,000. In fact, motorcycle users do not realize that automatic motorcycle’s characteristics especially braking distance are different with those of non-automatic motorcycles. The different way of riding can cause uncontrolled vehicles during braking, when promptly change speed either faster or slower. Stopping sight distance is the distance needed by riders in order to stop their moving vehicles after seeing the obstacles in the front. This research is seeking to know the behavior of motorcycle users and stopping sight distance that is ideal for the users of automatic motorcycles. Multi linear Regression model is made to find out the relationship between stopping sight distance and other variables such as speed, machine capacity, type of brakes etc. From this model, it can be derived the ideal stopping sight distance which is affected by speed, machine capacity, type of front brakes. Perkembangan sepeda motor matic di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan yang sangat pesat beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Menurut data dari asosiasi industri sepeda motor Indonesia( AISI,2015) penjualan sepeda motor matic mengalami pertumbuhan yang sangat pesat dibandingkan dan motor bebek dan sport, yaitu 75,49% (3,639 juta matic dari penjualan 4,821 juta motor keseluruhan). Fakta di lapangan, pengguna tidak menyadari beda karakteristik kendaraan motor matic dengan non matic. Perbedaan ini mengakibatkan tidak terkontrolnya kecepatan kendaraan dimana seringnya terjadi perubahan percepatan dan perlambatan pada kendaraan tersebut. Jarak pandangan henti adalah jarak yang dibutuhkan oleh pengendara untuk menghentikan kendaraannya yang bergerak setelah melihat adanya rintangan pada lajur jalannya. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui perilaku pengendara dan jarak pandang henti yang ideal bagi pengendara sepeda motor matic. Model Multi linear Regression hubungan Jarak pandangan henti dengan variable kecepatan, kapasitas mesin dan jenis rem diteliti. Hasilnya diperoleh jarak henti ideal yang dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan, kapasitas mesin, dan jenis rem depan.

scholarly journals Influence of Night Rainfall on Stopping Sight Distance on Dark Roadways

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Ben-Edigbe J.E ◽  
Makinde O. O
Keyword(s):  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Travel Delay ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Rainfall Impact

Aim: To investigate the influence of night rainfall on stopping sight distance on dark roadways. Background: This study fills the research gap in stopping sight distance by looking at night rainfall impact on stopping sight distance on dark roadways. Objectives: To determine stopping sight distance under night rainfall (light, moderate and heavy) on dark roadways and compare the results with stopping sight distance under dry night on dark roadways. Methods: In a ‘with and without’ night rainfall impact studies, traffic volume, speed, vehicle type and rainfall data were collected at selected sites. All surveyed sites had rain gauge within the catchment area of about 1km. Rainfall intensity was divided into three groups (light, moderate, and heavy). Dry weather data were used as a control parameter. Results: Results show that the average SSD decrease attributed to light rainfall is 15.2m (14%), moderate rainfall 18.3m (16.8%), and heavy rainfall 21.2m (19.2%). Conclusion: Based on the results and findings, it is correct to conclude that the effect of night rainfall on dark roadways stopping sight distance is somewhat aberrant. It is also correct to suggest that night rainfall on dark roadways will cause a decrease in perception distance travel delay, an increase in braking distance and stopping sight distance.

scholarly journals Safe Braking Distance at Signalized Intersection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2774-2781
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Dilemma Zone ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Signalised Intersection

Signalised intersection is an area where most of the drivers having dilemma in making decision to either pass through the intersection or stop when the light turns to yellow. During this phase, a sudden deceleration and incorrect estimate of intersection clearance time cause rear-end collision, severe right-angle crash and left-turn head-on collision. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the safe braking distance at signalised intersection by using the concept of stopping sight distance, so that a set of road marking and road sign can be proposed to help the driver in making decision within the dilemma zone. Samples of vehicle’s approaching speed were collected at a signalised intersection within the Ipoh-Lumut Highway in Perak Tengah. Statistical analysis showed that the observed 15th and 85th percentile speed at the intersection were 66.2km/h and 88.5km/h, with a mean and standard deviation of 77.5km/h and 9.99km/h. Goodness-of-fit tests showed that the distribution of the approaching speed at the intersection was normally distributed with a probability of 14.4%. It was concluded that safe braking distance from the stopping line of the signalised intersection is between 97m for lower speed limit to 152m for the upper speed limit.

The Analysis of the Key Problems about Traffic Accident Speed Identification Based on Braking Traces

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 4752-4757
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Guan ◽  
Shao Hua Wang ◽  
Wei Qiang Liang ◽  
Ming Feng Zheng ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Judicial Expertise ◽  
Speed Identification

In order to improve the impartiality and objectivity of judicial expertise, the key problems about traffic accident speed identification are analyzed and the speed of vehicle is calculated by using the braking performance test report with reference to the national standard and automobile theory. The automobile dynamics of driver braking process is analyzed, all kinds of key problems such as the braking distance, braking coordination time, braking speed, longitudinal sliding coefficient of adhesion are combined with the braking performance test report, and the method of determining the longitudinal sliding coefficient of adhesion is proposed, the instantaneous velocity before the collision is calculated. Finally, the method is used to calculate the speed of an actual case, and simulated in the software of PC-Crash, the results are consistent, verifying that the speed identification method is correct.

Sight distance red zones on combined horizontal and sag vertical curves

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hassan ◽  
Said M Easa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Highway Alignment ◽  
Current Standards

Coordination of highway horizontal and vertical alignments is based on subjective guidelines in current standards. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of coordinating horizontal and sag vertical curves that are designed using two-dimensional standards. The locations where a horizontal curve should not be positioned relative to a sag vertical curve (called red zones) are identified. In the red zone, the available sight distance (computed using three-dimensional models) is less than the required sight distance. Two types of red zones, based on stopping sight distance (SSD) and preview sight distance (PVSD), are examined. The SSD red zone corresponds to the locations where an overlap between a horizontal curve and a sag vertical curve should be avoided because the three-dimensional sight distance will be less than the required SSD. The PVSD red zone corresponds to the locations where a horizontal curve should not start because drivers will not be able to perceive it and safely react to it. The SSD red zones exist for practical highway alignment parameters, and therefore designers should check the alignments for potential SSD red zones. The range of SSD red zones was found to depend on the different alignment parameters, especially the superelevation rate. On the other hand, the results showed that the PVSD red zones exist only for large values of the required PVSD, and therefore this type of red zones is not critical. This paper should be of particular interest to the highway designers and professionals concerned with highway safety.Key words: sight distance, red zone, combined alignment.

scholarly journals An Initial Investigation of the Effects of a Fully Automated Vehicle Fleet on Geometric Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Khoury ◽  
Kamar Amine ◽  
Rima Abi Saad
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Projected Change ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance

This paper investigates the potential changes in the geometric design elements in response to a fully autonomous vehicle fleet. When autonomous vehicles completely replace conventional vehicles, the human driver will no longer be a concern. Currently, and for safety reasons, the human driver plays an inherent role in designing highway elements, which depend on the driver’s perception-reaction time, driver’s eye height, and other driver related parameters. This study focuses on the geometric design elements that will directly be affected by the replacement of the human driver with fully autonomous vehicles. Stopping sight distance, decision sight distance, and length of sag and crest vertical curves are geometric design elements directly affected by the projected change. Revised values for these design elements are presented and their effects are quantified using a real-life scenario. An existing roadway designed using current AASHTO standards has been redesigned with the revised values. Compared with the existing design, the proposed design shows significant economic and environmental improvements, given the elimination of the human driver.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Stopping Sight Distance Calculation Method under High Slope Restraint

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7118
Author(s):  
Yonghong Yang ◽  
Jiecong Wang ◽  
Yuanbo Xia ◽  
Lan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
High Slope ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance

Sight distance is an important indicator to ensure the safety of drivers, and is also an indispensable evaluation basis in highway safety engineering. In mountainous highways, high slopes and small radius often lead to poor visibility and traffic accidents. Through the combined calculation of horizontal and vertical sections, this paper comprehensively considers the specific sizes of roadside clearance, high slope, as well as the position and height of the driver’s view point and other factors, and it analyzes the limited visibility of the driver in the process of driving right turn. An effective and simplified calculation method based on design data for three dimensional (3D) stopping sight distance (S.S.D.) in high fill sections is proposed. Finally, the S.S.D. inspection of the actual highway, based on design speed and operating speed, is carried out, and the sight distance of the calculated point is judged by comparing the value with the normal value and the calculation result of the horizontal sightline offset. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is consistent with the sight distance results obtained by the horizontal sightline offset method, which indicates the calculation method is accurate and provides a technical reference for S.S.D. evaluation in highway safety engineering.

Location-based analysis of car-following behavior during braking using naturalistic driving data

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa H. Tawfeek ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny
Keyword(s):  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Influence Area ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
Microscopic Modeling ◽  
Rich Data

This study investigates the car-following behavior during braking at intersections and segments. Car-following events were extracted from a naturalistic driving dataset, mapped using ArcGIS, and analyzed to differentiate between the intersection- and segment-related events. The intersection-related events were identified according to an intersection influence area, which was estimated based on the stopping sight distance and the speed limit. Five behavioral measures were quantified based on exploring the probability density functions (PDF) for intersection- and segment-related events. The results showed that there were significant differences between the PDFs of the measures for both cases. Moreover, it was indicated that drivers tend to be more aggressive at intersections compared with segments. Thus, it is crucial to consider the driver’s location when investigating driver behavior. The quantified behavioral measures are a rich data source that can be used for car-following microscopic modeling, surrogate safety analysis, and driver assistance systems development.

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