NODULATION RESPONSES OF TWO NEAR ISOGENIC LINES OF THE SOYBEAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Sand Cultures ◽  
Different Soils

Nodulation responses and certain other characteristics of a mutant soybean line highly recalcitrant to nodulation were compared with those of a nodulating sister line. Roots of the two lines were found to harbor equal numbers of rhizobia. Stem graftings to provide top growths of one line on roots of the other failed to alter the distinctive nodulation responses of rootstocks. Ascorbic acid contents in the two lines were identical, both in the tops and in the roots, although contents in tops greatly exceeded those found in roots. Chromatographic studies on the amino acids in seed hydrolyzates and in alcoholic extracts of seedlings showed no differences between the two lines either in kind or quantities of amino acids. In a survey of stock rhizobia for cultures effective on the nonnodulating line, bacteria were discovered which formed nodules on such soybeans growing in sand and nutrient solution. Isolates from these nodules again yielded effective nodulation on plants in sand culture, but gave no nodulation whatsoever on plants growing in soil. This negative response was confirmed in three different soils. Admixtures of soil and of miscellaneous materials with sand were employed to alter nodulation responses from those shown in sand cultures.

AMINO ACIDURIA AND ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
J. H. P. JONXIS ◽  
T. H. J. HUISMAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Amino Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Amino Aciduria ◽  
Renal Origin ◽  
Acid Administration

In two cases of infantile scurvy an increased output of amino acids was found which disappeared during three or more weeks of ascorbic acid administration. The excretion of threonine, serine, glycine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine and β-amino-isobutyric acid was increased, that of the other amino acids being normal. Plasma ultrafiltrates from two scorbutic infants were found to contain amino acids in similar concentrations to those of two control infants. The amino aciduria of scurvy is thus apparently of renal origin.

Studies in the nutrition of vegetables: Phosphate deficiency and yield tests on sand cultures of May King lettuce

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Deficiency Symptom ◽  
Normal Colour ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sand Cultures

Media from which phosphate was absent finally caused bronzing of the leaves of the resulting stunted plants of May King lettuce grown in sand culture, and red or crimson stalks. Phosphate alone produced characteristic purple (and/or bronze) and apple-green, flat, stunted rosettes with broad, non-crinkly leaves, and red stalks. Water alone caused stunted, straggly, purple plants, with relatively long, crimson stalks.Where some phosphate was supplied in addition to the other essential elements, a plant of normal colour resulted at first. Later, purple blotches appeared on the plants receiving inadequate supplies; the intensity of this purple became greater as the amount of phosphate in the medium diminished, and it could be controlled by varying the concentration of phosphate in the medium or the frequency of application. Another deficiency symptom was the tougher leaf resulting from a lack of phosphate. A sufficiency of phosphate caused earlier maturity.The media which contained the two greatest concentrations of phosphate were the best of those used because they gave the best growth, lettuces of the best colour without purple blotches, earlier maturity, and tenderer leaves.The final yields of heads were statistically the same with the two heaviest phosphate treatments, and both were greater by about 40% of the lesser yields than the two statistically equal yields with the lower amounts of phosphate. All the phosphate treatments gave yields superior by about 40,000–60,000% to the non-phosphate and phosphatealone yields, but this second difference had no commercial significance. Similar results were obtained for the roots, and for the dry weights of the tops and roots.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Sugar Relationships in Immature Sugarcane Treated With Ascorbic Acid, Cysteine, Hydroxylamine, Cyanide, Silicon, and Iron

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Immature sugarcane was treated with chemical additives to determine whether significant and predictable changes could be induced in enzyme behavior. All plants were grown in sand culture with controlled nutrient supply. One group received foliar application of ascorbic acid, cysteine, hydroxylamine and cyanide; the other group received silicon, iron, and cyanide as nutrient-solution supplements. Enzymes assayed included acid phosphatases, invertase, amylase, peroxidase, and tyrosinase (polyphenoloxidase). Each of the chemicals tested was known to affect one or more enzymes in vitro. Plants receiving 1,000 p.p.m. of cyanide as a foliar spray increased sucrose in leaves and meristem within 3 days. All enzymes measured were suppressed by CN. Amylase was markedly stimulated by 50 and 1,000 p.p.m. of cysteine. All the enzymes assayed were moderately stimulated by 50 p.p.m. of cysteine, whereas 1,000 p.p.m. caused general suppression. Plants receiving 200 p.p.m. of cyanide as a nutrient-solution supplement were greatly stunted and revealed low sugar content of leaf and meristem tissues. Tyrosinase was about 3 times more active in high-cyanide plants than in controls. Silicon added to nutrient solutions at rates of 20 and 200 p.p.m. greatly retarded invertase and tyrosinase. This confirms similar observations recorded earlier, and it is suggested that enzyme inhibition is a physiological function of silicon in sugarcane. Iron added to nutrient solutions at the rate of 10 p.p.m. caused general enzyme suppression, particularly with regard to meristem peroxidase and invertase. Significance of enzyme regulation in living cane is briefly discussed.

An ESR study of the peroxidase reaction catalyzed by human methaemoglobin and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-932
Author(s):  
Jana Stejskalová ◽  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Zdeněk Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delocalized Electron

The ESR spectra of peroxidase systems of methaemoglobin-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide have been measured in the acetate buffer of pH 4.5. For the system with methaemoglobin an asymmetrical signal with g ~ 2 has been observed which is interpreted as the perpendicular region of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical. On the other hand, for the system with methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex the observed signal with g ~ 2 is symmetrical and is interpreted as a signal of delocalized electron. After realization of three repeatedly induced peroxidase processes the ESR signal of the perpendicular part of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical is distinctly diminished, whereas the signal of delocalized electron remains practically unchanged. An amino acid analysis of methaemoglobin along with results of the ESR measurements make it possible to derive a hypothesis about the role of haptoglobin in increasing of the peroxidase activity of methaemoglobin.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

Natural Vulcanization Accelerators in Hevea Latex

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
R. F. A. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
The One

Abstract As numerous investigators have shown, some of the nonrubber components of Hevea latex have a decided accelerating action on the process of vulcanization. A survey of the literature on this subject points to the validity of certain general facts. 1. Among the nonrubber components of latex which have been investigated, certain nitrogenous bases appear to be most important for accelerating the rate of vulcanization. 2. These nitrogen bases apparently occur partly naturally in fresh latex, and partly as the result of putrefaction, heating, and other decomposition processes. 3. The nitrogen bases naturally present in fresh latex at later stages have been identified by Altman to be trigonelline, stachhydrine, betonicine, choline, methylamine, trimethylamine, and ammonia. These bases are markedly active in vulcanization, as will be seen in the section on experimental results. 4. The nitrogenous substances formed by the decomposition processes have only partly been identified, on the one hand as tetra- and pentamethylene diamine and some amino acids, on the other hand as alkaloids, proline, diamino acids, etc. 5. It has been generally accepted that these nitrogenous substances are derived from the proteins of the latex. 6. Decomposition appears to be connected with the formation of a considerable amount of acids. 7. The production of volatile nitrogen bases as a rule accompanies the decomposition processes. These volatile products have not been identified. 8. The active nitrogen bases, either already formed or derived from complex nitrogenous substances, seem to be soluble in water but only slightly soluble in acetone.

METABOLISM OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN HEALTHY AND RUST-INFECTED PRIMARY LEAVES OF WHEAT: II. STUDIES WITH L-PHENYLALANINE-U-14C, L-TYROSINE-U-14C, AND FERULATE-U-14C

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2137-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fuchs ◽  
R. Rohringer ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Wheat leaves infected with stem rust, especially those of susceptible plants, contained more phenylalanine and tyrosine than healthy leaves. The utilization of phenylalanine was increased in both the susceptible and resistant reaction, but the utilization of tyrosine was increased only in the susceptible reaction. No evidence of interconversion of these amino acids was obtained.In n-butanol extracts, which contained glycosides, many constituents were labelled after feeding of L-phenylalanine-U-14C. Most of the n-butanol extractives from resistant-reacting leaves contained more label than those from susceptible-reacting leaves or from healthy leaves. However, one of the n-butanol extractives from susceptible-reacting leaves was 5–10 times as active as that isolated from the other tissues.With L-phenylalanine-U-14C and ferulate-U-14C as precursors, more activity was recovered in insoluble than in soluble esters (of ferulate and p-coumarate). With L-tyrosine-U-14C as precursor, the reverse was observed. After infection, the proportion of label in insoluble esters increased more in resistant leaves than it did in susceptible leaves, regardless of the precursor used.A major portion of the activity from these precursors was recovered in the insoluble residue that contained protein and other polymers. In the experiment with L-phenylalanine-U-14C, this residue was fractionated into protein and non-hydrolyzable material. Susceptible-reacting leaves contained equal amounts of activity in these fractions, while resistant-reacting leaves incorporated 2.5 times as much activity into the non-hydrolyzable material as into protein.

scholarly journals Amino acid transport in normal and glutathione-deficient sheep erythrocytes

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Young ◽  
J C Ellory ◽  
E M Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Transport ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Uptake Rates

1. Uptake rates for 23 amino acids were measured for both normal (high-GSH) and GSH-deficient (low-GSH) erythrocytes from Finnish Landrace sheep. 2. Compared with high-GSH cells, low-GSH cells had a markedly diminished permeability to D-alanine, L-alanine, α-amino-n-butyrate, valine, cysteine, serine, threonine, asparagine, lysine and ornithine. Smaller differences were observed for glycine and proline, whereas uptake of the other amino acids was not significantly different in the two cell types.

scholarly journals Influence of chitosan coatings with citric essential oil on the shelf-life of minimally processed mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 7679-7688
Author(s):  
Fabián Rico Rodríguez ◽  
Carolina Gutiérrez Cortés ◽  
Consuelo Díaz Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Sensory Acceptance

Demand for minimally processed fruits have increased due to their nutritional value and an increasing change in consumption habits. Physicochemical, microbiological, structural and sensory changes were determined in minimally processed mangoes (MPM) with chitosan (CH) edible coatings and lemon and orange essential oils (EOL). The MPM was first dipped in citric acid and a texturizing solution and then dipped in CH and lemon or orange EOL coatings. Weight loss, sensory acceptance, total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, color changes, firmness and elasticity, and microbiological changes were quantified for 11 days of refrigerated storage. The CH and lemon EOL coating had more acceptance than the other treatments. No differences were found (p>0.05) for weight loss, total acidity, ascorbic acid, firmness or elasticity. There was a high amount of total phenols due to the EOL composition, as well as a high antioxidant capacity in the early days of storage. This characteristic decreased in the final days of the study. There was a decrease in the microbial charge for the lemon EOL treatment, as compared to the other samples. The CH and lemon EOL coating helped to maintain the shelf-life of the MPM for 11 days of storage without affecting the sensory acceptance. The CH and Orange EOL coating did not have an effect on the MPM physicochemical attributes; however, the sensory acceptance was negatively affected with off-flavors conferred to the MPM.

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