STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL MICROORGANISMS: II. INTERACTIONS OF APHELENCHOIDES PARIETINUS (BASTIAN, 1865) STEINER 1932 WITH ACTINOMYCETES, BACTERIA, AND FUNGI

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
V. E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The influence of actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi on Aphelenchoides parietinus (Bastian, 1865) Steiner, 1932, a fungus-feeding nematode, was studied. Thirty percent of the actinomycete cultures tested showed some "attraction" for this nematode on agar plates. The filtrates from a number of these actinomycete cultures favored accumulation of nematodes on areas of agar on which the fluids were spotted. In some instances the nematodes were repelled from these areas. Of the 60 bacterial isolates from rhizosphere soil only one "attracted" the nematode; most of the others repelled it. The filtrates from most of these bacterial cultures were similarly unfavorable. The nematode aggregated strongly around 43 of 54 cultures of fungi, and propagated on 32 of these. The results suggest that the microflora of the root zone may exert a marked effect on the accumulation of this nematode therein.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IV. INCIDENCE OF NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI IN THE VICINITY OF PLANT ROOTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
H. Katznelson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere

A study was made of the occurrence of nematode-trapping fungi in the rhizosphere and on the root surface of different plants. Arthrobotrys oligospora was the predominant predaceous fungus isolated. It was almost completely absent from plant roots but occurred in varying frequency in rhizosphere soil and in root-free soil. The incidence of this fungus was consistently greater in the soybean rhizosphere and lower in the wheat rhizosphere than in corresponding soil devoid of roots, whereas for other plants, red clover, flax, etc., there was no obvious rhizosphere effect. Spore germination tests and growth of A. oligospora in root extracts of soybeans and wheat failed to account for the differences observed. However, bacterial isolates from the wheat rhizosphere were, on the whole, more antagonistic to this fungus than those from the soybean rhizosphere, whereas isolates from the latter appeared to exert a favorable effect.

METABOLIC ACTIVITY AND PHOSPHATE-DISSOLVING CAPABILITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM WHEAT ROOTS, RHIZOSPHERE, AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
B. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Insoluble Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Bacterial isolates from the roots of wheat (rhizoplane) were more active in oxidizing glucose and alanine than cultures isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphcre soils. In general, metabolic activity was greater with alanine than with glucose. Over one third of the cultures tested were capable of dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the form of CaHPO4 but the roots did not appear to exert a selective effect on these forms. However, the phosphate-solubilizing organisms from the rhizoplane were also the most active in oxidizing glucose and alanine. Those from the rhizosphere soil were intermediate in this respect. By far the majority of these phosphate-dissolving bacteria were in the nutritional group requiring unknown substances in yeast and soil extracts for optimal growth. It was suggested that although these bacteria were not preferentially stimulated in the root zone, their large numbers and their greater metabolic activity may contribute significantly to the phosphate economy of the plant.

scholarly journals Soil Rhizosphere Microbial Properties of Selected Farmlands in Rumuokparali Community

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
J. Alexander ◽  
C. J. Ugboma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

This study was conducted to determine the rhizosphere soil microorganisms associated with the cultivation of Manihot esculentum, Comelina bengalensis, Talinum triangulare and Telfairia occidentalis. The plants were obtained from newly cultivated, ready for harvest and fallowed farmlands. The rhizosphere microorganisms were enumerated and compared with bulk soil microorganisms. The heterotrophic bacterial count for newly cultivated farmland ranged from 2.9 x107-6.3x108 cfug-1 and total fungal ranged from 5.6 x104-7.0 x106 sfug-1, while the bulk soil total heterotrophic bacterial count was 4.96 x 109 cfug-1 and the total fungal count was 5.87 x 106 sfug-1. The heterotrophic bacterial count for ready for harvest farmland ranged from 1.82 x108-1.80 x109 cfug-1 and total fungal ranged from 2.3 x104-3.57x106 sfug-1, while the bulk soil total heterotrophic bacterial count was 1.90x109 cfug-1 and the total fungal count was 2.30x106 sfug-1. The heterotrophic bacterial count for fallowed farmland ranged from 5.65 x108-1.50x109 cfug-1 and total fungal ranged from 1.33 x106-3.05x106 sfug-1, while bulk soil total heterotrophic bacterial count was 1.74.0x109 cfug-1 and total fungal count was 1.07x106 sfug-1. The rhizosphere soil bacterial isolates belong to the genera: Staphylococcus, Hafnia,  Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Klebsiella, Tatumella, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas while fungal isolates belong to the genera: Aspergillus, Epicocum, Chrysosporium, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Chaetomium.  The bulk soil bacterial isolates belong to genera: Staphylococcus, Hafnia, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Tatumella, Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas while the fungal isolates belong to genera: Aspergillus, Epicocum, Chrysosporium, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus and Chaetomium. Microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil was more compared to bulk soil.

The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

scholarly journals Identifying the Active Microbiome Associated with Roots and Rhizosphere Soil of Oilseed Rape

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantia Gkarmiri ◽  
Shahid Mahmood ◽  
Alf Ekblad ◽  
Sadhna Alström ◽  
Nils Högberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

ABSTRACT RNA stable isotope probing and high-throughput sequencing were used to characterize the active microbiomes of bacteria and fungi colonizing the roots and rhizosphere soil of oilseed rape to identify taxa assimilating plant-derived carbon following 13CO2 labeling. Root- and rhizosphere soil-associated communities of both bacteria and fungi differed from each other, and there were highly significant differences between their DNA- and RNA-based community profiles. Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the most active bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil. Bacteroidetes were more active in roots. The most abundant bacterial genera were well represented in both the 13C- and 12C-RNA fractions, while the fungal taxa were more differentiated. Streptomyces, Rhizobium, and Flavobacterium were dominant in roots, whereas Rhodoplanes and Sphingomonas (Kaistobacter) were dominant in rhizosphere soil. “Candidatus Nitrososphaera” was enriched in 13C in rhizosphere soil. Olpidium and Dendryphion were abundant in the 12C-RNA fraction of roots; Clonostachys was abundant in both roots and rhizosphere soil and heavily 13C enriched. Cryptococcus was dominant in rhizosphere soil and less abundant, but was 13C enriched in roots. The patterns of colonization and C acquisition revealed in this study assist in identifying microbial taxa that may be superior competitors for plant-derived carbon in the rhizosphere of Brassica napus. IMPORTANCE This microbiome study characterizes the active bacteria and fungi colonizing the roots and rhizosphere soil of Brassica napus using high-throughput sequencing and RNA-stable isotope probing. It identifies taxa assimilating plant-derived carbon following 13CO2 labeling and compares these with other less active groups not incorporating a plant assimilate. Brassica napus is an economically and globally important oilseed crop, cultivated for edible oil, biofuel production, and phytoextraction of heavy metals; however, it is susceptible to several diseases. The identification of the fungal and bacterial species successfully competing for plant-derived carbon, enabling them to colonize the roots and rhizosphere soil of this plant, should enable the identification of microorganisms that can be evaluated in more detailed functional studies and ultimately be used to improve plant health and productivity in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals The chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) influence on soil microorganisms of leached chernozem

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalya Anatolyevna Ilyina ◽  
Tatyana Valentinovna Fufaeva ◽  
Natalya Anatolyevna Kazakova ◽  
Nataliya Mikhailovna Kasatkina ◽  
Evgeniya Alexandrovna Vilkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Status ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The paper assesses the status of the soil cover associated with the pollution of its waste chemical production and consumption. The authors present the data of formaldehyde and toluene influence on the abundance of actinomycetes, heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, as these groups of microorganisms provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation processes. In this paper microbiological and physico-chemical methods of research are used. The study of species composition changes of some soil microorganisms groups of leached chernozem under the influence of formaldehyde and toluene showed that this factor causes changes in the complex of soil microorganisms. This factor is reflected in the decreased species richness and diversity and increase of pollution-tolerant microorganisms. These studies investigate a number of microorganisms that provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation. The results show the nature of the influence of different doses of formaldehyde and toluene on the structure and functioning of the complex of soil microorganisms, as well as reveal the mechanism of action of chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) on soil microbiota associated with its resistance and the manifestation of toxicity of the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Microbiologically Enriched Mineral Fertilizers on Selected Groups of Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Strawberry Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
Urszula Smolińska ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
Anna Lisek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In recent years, the use of bio-fertilizers enriched with specially selected microorganisms has been used more and more often. The beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers enriched with consortia of microorganisms on strawberry plants have been reported previously. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of bio-fertilizers containing selected fungal and bacterial strains on the microorganisms living in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. In the experiments described in this paper, synthetic mineral fertilizers were enriched with selected microorganisms. The fertilizer urea was enriched with the fungi Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum, while the fertilizers Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 with strains of the bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Bacteria and fungi belonging to these species can exert a positive effect on the growth of many plants. The results obtained in this study showed that the application of fertilizers enriched with microorganisms had different effects on the analyzed populations of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. There were evidences of both, an adverse effect of the applied fertilizer and/or microorganisms, but more often, the beneficial effect was found on the abundance of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the strawberry. The most effective for the population of Pseudomonas bacteria was application of urea and fungi and Polifoska and bacteria. The highest number of phosphorus utilizing bacteria B was scored in the treatments containing NPK, NPK + fungi and urea 60% + fungi. The application of NPK + fungi and urea 100% + fungi as well as Super Fos Dar with bacteria was most beneficial for population of actinomycetes.

scholarly journals Bacterial Composition and Diversity Associated with Rhizosphere of the Chinese Medicinal Herb Dendrobium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingdan Yuan ◽  
Mengting Zu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaomei Song
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Abstract Background: Dendrobium is a precious herbal belongs to Orchid and widely used as health care traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. Although orchids are mycorrhizal plants, most researches still focus on endophytes, and there is still large unknown in rhizosphere microorganisms. In order to investigate the rhizosphere microbial community of different Dendrobium species during the maturity stage, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community in rhizosphere soil during maturity stage of three kinds of Dendrobium species.Results: In our study, a total of 240,320 sequences and 11,179 OTUs were obtained from these three Dendrobium species. According to the analysis of OTU annotation results, different Dendrobium rhizosphere soil bacteria include 2 kingdoms, 63 phyla, 72 classes, 159 orders, 309 families, 850 genera and 663 species. Among all sequences, the dominant bacterial phyla (relative abundance > 1%) were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes. We analyzed the environmental factors of the growth of Dendrobium and found that the environmental factor that affects the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of Dendrobium is the soil factor. Among them, soil factors most closely related to the influence of Dendrobium rhizosphere soil microorganisms include total nitrogen, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen and pH value.Conclusions: We found that the rhizosphere bacterial communities of the three kinds of Dendrobium have significant differences, and the main species of rhizosphere microorganisms of Dendrobium are concentrated in the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes. Moreover, the smaller the level of bacterial, the greater the difference among Dendrobium species. Soil is the most important environmental factor affecting the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Dendrobium. These results fill the gap in the rhizosphere microbial community of Dendrobium and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent mining of microbial functions and the study of biological fertilizers.

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