METABOLIC ACTIVITY AND PHOSPHATE-DISSOLVING CAPABILITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM WHEAT ROOTS, RHIZOSPHERE, AND NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
B. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Insoluble Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Bacterial isolates from the roots of wheat (rhizoplane) were more active in oxidizing glucose and alanine than cultures isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphcre soils. In general, metabolic activity was greater with alanine than with glucose. Over one third of the cultures tested were capable of dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the form of CaHPO4 but the roots did not appear to exert a selective effect on these forms. However, the phosphate-solubilizing organisms from the rhizoplane were also the most active in oxidizing glucose and alanine. Those from the rhizosphere soil were intermediate in this respect. By far the majority of these phosphate-dissolving bacteria were in the nutritional group requiring unknown substances in yeast and soil extracts for optimal growth. It was suggested that although these bacteria were not preferentially stimulated in the root zone, their large numbers and their greater metabolic activity may contribute significantly to the phosphate economy of the plant.

MICROORGANISMS IN THE ROOT ZONE IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Rouatt ◽  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
H. Katznelson ◽  
V. E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
As Species ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Generic Analysis

A study was made of the numbers and kinds of microorganisms in the root zone of wheat and soybeans grown in the greenhouse at three ranges of temperature: 55–60°, 70–75°, and 85–90 °F. Numbers of bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of wheat decreased as the temperature increased, whereas numbers in the root-free soil and on soybean roots increased with increased temperature. The same relationships held for methylene blue reducing, glucose-fermenting, and ammonifying bacteria and those requiring amino acids for optimal growth. Generic analysis of bacterial isolates showed that the percentage of Gram-negative rod-forming organisms increased with a rise in temperature in root-free soil and on soybean roots but decreased on wheat roots. On the other hand, the incidence of Gram-positive and pleomorphic organisms decreased in soil and on soybean roots with higher temperature and increased on wheat roots.Fungal isolations from washed root segments showed a greater incidence of Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia, and Gliocladium on soybeans at the high temperature whereas species of Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon were more prevalent at the low temperature. With wheat the most striking feature was the predominance of non-sporing dark species at the high temperature and of non-sporing hyaline types at the low temperature.The number of soil nematodes decreased in the rhizospheres of both plants with increased temperature, the effect being more pronounced with soybeans. With this crop all except one of the genera recognized decreased in number, whereas with wheat, the incidence of certain nematodes such as species of Helicotylenchus, Boleodorus, and Aphelenchoides did not change with temperature.The results suggest that temperature exerts a direct effect on the microorganisms in the root zone and an indirect effect by influencing plant growth.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND OTHER SOIL MICROORGANISMS: II. INTERACTIONS OF APHELENCHOIDES PARIETINUS (BASTIAN, 1865) STEINER 1932 WITH ACTINOMYCETES, BACTERIA, AND FUNGI

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
V. E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The influence of actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi on Aphelenchoides parietinus (Bastian, 1865) Steiner, 1932, a fungus-feeding nematode, was studied. Thirty percent of the actinomycete cultures tested showed some "attraction" for this nematode on agar plates. The filtrates from a number of these actinomycete cultures favored accumulation of nematodes on areas of agar on which the fluids were spotted. In some instances the nematodes were repelled from these areas. Of the 60 bacterial isolates from rhizosphere soil only one "attracted" the nematode; most of the others repelled it. The filtrates from most of these bacterial cultures were similarly unfavorable. The nematode aggregated strongly around 43 of 54 cultures of fungi, and propagated on 32 of these. The results suggest that the microflora of the root zone may exert a marked effect on the accumulation of this nematode therein.

Effectiveness of complex inoculation of spring wheat with N[2] -fi xing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and mold-antagonist Chaetomium cochliodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
E. Kopylov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim. To study the specifi cities of complex inoculation of spring wheat roots with the bacteria of Azospirillum genus and Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser 3250, and the isolation of bacteria of Azospirillum genus, capable of fi xing atmospheric nitrogen, from the rhizospheric soil, washed-off roots and histoshere. Materials and meth- ods. The phenotypic features of the selected bacteria were identifi ed according to Bergi key. The molecular the polymerase chain reaction and genetic analysis was used for the identifi cation the bacteria. Results. It has been demonstrated that during the introduction into the root system of spring wheat the strain of A. brasilensе 102 actively colonizes rhizospheric soil, root surface and is capable of penetrating into the inner plant tissues. Conclusions. The soil ascomucete of C. cochliodes 3250 promotes better settling down of Azospirillum cells in spring wheat root zone, especially in plant histosphere which induces the increase in the content of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves and yield of the crop.

KEBERADAAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM FOSFATASE TANAH DAERAH PERAKARAN TANAMAN OBAT DARI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suliasih Suliasih
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Serratia Rubidaea

A study was undertaken to investigate to occurance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil samples of medicine plants in Cibodas Botanical Garden. 13 soil samples of medicine plants are collected randomly The result shows that 71 isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated, and 10 species of these organism was identified as Azotobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Chromobacterium sp, C.violaceum, Citrobacter sp. , Enterobacter sp., E. liquefaciens. Nitrosomonas sp., Serratia rubidaea, Sphaerotillus natans. Azotobacter sp. And Bacillus sp. Are found in all of soil tested. Conversely, Serratia rubidaea is only in the sample from rhizosphere of Plantago mayor The activity of acid alkaline phosphatase in soil tested ranged from 0.78 – 60,18 ugp nitrophenole/g/h, with the higest values being recorded in soil sample from rhizosphere of “Lavender”.Keywords : phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil enzyme phosphatase

The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM KITINASE PADA ISOLAT JAMUR KITINOLITIK DARI SAMPEL TANAH RIZOSFER

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Eka Corneliyawati ◽  
Massora Massora ◽  
Khikmah Khikmah ◽  
As’ad Syamsul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Chitinase Production

The rhizosphere is the zone of soil surrounding a plant root where plant roots, soil and the soil biota interact with each other. Chitinolytic fungi has been effectively used in biological control agens. The chitinase activity causes lysis of the fungi cell wall pathogen. The aim of the research was to find optimization of activity chitinase enzyme from rhizosphere soil was conducted in vitro. Optimal growth chitinase production for TKR3 fungi isolate were concentration of chitin 0,2% (b/v), pH 5,5, temperature 30ºC, agitation 150 rpm and incubation time at four days. The optimum yield of chitinase production is influenced by fungal species and environmental conditions.

Rhythmic patterns of nutrient acquisition by wheat roots

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Andrew Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Zone

Oscillatory patterns in H+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- uptake were observed at different regions of the root surface, including root hairs, using a non-invasive ion flux measuring technique (the MIFE™ technique). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ultradian oscillations in nutrient acquisition in the mature root zone. Oscillations of the largest magnitude were usually measured in the elongation region, 2–4 mm from the root apex. There were usually at least two oscillatory components present for each ion measured: fast, with periods of several minutes; and slow, with periods of 50–80 min. Even within the same functional zone, the periods of ion flux oscillations were significantly different, suggesting that they are driven by some internal mechanisms located in each cell rather than originating from one ‘central clock pacemaker’. There were also significant changes in the oscillatory characteristics (both periods and amplitudes) of fluxes from a single small cluster of cells over time. Analysis of phase shifts between oscillations in different ions suggested that rhythmic activity of a plasma membrane H+-pump may be central to observed rhythmic nutrient acquisition by plant roots. We discuss the possible adaptive significance of such an oscillatory strategy for root nutrient acquisition.

scholarly journals Identification and Bioassay of Allelopathic Substances from Plant and Rhizosphere Soil Extracts of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis [Willd.] Ohwi & H. Ohashi.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Song ◽  
P. P. Zhang ◽  
X. L. Gao ◽  
S. X. Xu ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract">The soil sickness of Adzuki bean [<em>Vigna angularis </em>(Willd.) Ohwi &amp; H. Ohashi] have been getting attention seriously under a continuously mono-cropping management-system in China. To investigate the allelopathy of rhizosphere soil and plant of Adzuki bean, culture dish and pot experiments were conducted. The compounds in the products were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and whole plant inhibited seed index (seed germination and seed potential) and plant growth under different degrees, and it showed concentration gradient effect on the inhibition of seed germination. Inhibition was stronger with increasment in extract concentration with the highest effect at 0.16 parts aqueous extract to 1 parts deionized water (0.16g·mL<sup>-1</sup>). The impact on growth varied among aqueous extracts from rhizospheric soil and the whole plant. Five phenolic compounds, cinnamic, phthalic, <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoic, and isobutyricand glutaric acids, were detected from the rhizosphere soil and plant extract of Adzuki bean by HPLC method. Cinnamic, phthalic, and <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoicacids were higher than that of the other phenolic acids. This result suggests that autotoxicity effects of phenolics on Adzuki bean probably happen in continuous mono-cropping systems.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Some Environmental Factors on the Growth of Azospirillum Species Isolated from Saline Soils of Satkhira District, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Motiur Rahman ◽  
S Mubassara ◽  
Sirajul Hoque ◽  
Zahed UM Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Saline Area ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

Twelve isolates of Azospirillum, recovered and identified from non-rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil of Cynodon dactylon and the roots of the same plant, were collected from five different locations of saline area in the district Satkhira, Bangladesh. The isolates were belonged to Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. halopraeferans and A. amazonense. All isolates, except MR-5, preferred neutral to alkaline condition for their optimal growth. Three isolates (MR-3, MR-4 and MR-8) showed maximum growth at 41°C, while the others grew best at temperature between 35° and 37°C. The optimal NaCl concentration for the growth was found to be 3% for 5 isolates (MR-1, MR-3, MR-4, MR-8 and MR-11) and 5% for the rest 7 isolates (MR-5, MR-6, MR-7, MR-13, MR-14, MR-15 and MR-16). All isolates were true halophilic since they did not show grow in absence of salinity, and all of them were also fungicide (Perfeckthion and Indofil M-45) tolerants to some extent. Keywords: Azospirillum, Growth characteristics, Halophilic, Tolerance to fungicideDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.881 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 145-148

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