THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of selected pharmacological agents was studied against five strains of staphylococci (phage types 7 US, 54, 71, 80, 81). At the concentrations used (maximal 0.125 μg/ml) chlorothiazide, acetazolamide, FeCl3, SnCl2, stilbamine urea, quinacrine, antimony Na thioglycollate, antimony thioglycollamide, and sulfisoxazole were found to have no antimicrobial effect against these strains of staphylococci, whereas HgCl2, AgNO3, meralluride sodium, stilbamidine, pentamidine, and propamidine did show activity. When effective agents were combined with potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin, the bacteriostatic action of the antibiotic was inhibited in some cases and markedly potentiated in others. Consideration should be given to the possible incorporation of effective agents into the structure of synthetic antibiotics as a means of combating resistant staphylococci.

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Novel Derivatives of 4-Methyl-1,2,3-Thiadiazole-5-Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide: Synthesis, Lipophilicity, and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Screening

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1180

Author(s):

Kinga Paruch ◽

Łukasz Popiołek ◽

Anna Biernasiuk ◽

Anna Berecka-Rycerz ◽

Anna Malm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Acid Hydrazide ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Research Goal ◽

New Compounds ◽

Derivatives Of

Bacterial infections, especially those caused by strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, are still a current threat to public health. Therefore, the search for new molecules with potential antimicrobial activity is an important research goal. In this article, we present the synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of 15 new derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid. The potential antimicrobial effect of the new compounds was observed mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 15, with the 5-nitro-2-furoyl moiety, showed the highest bioactivity: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.95–15.62 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/MIC = 1–4 µg/mL.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of a Novel Fitostimoline® Plus Spray Formulation

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/1114853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Maria Domenica Falciglia ◽

Roberta Palladino ◽

Barbara Maglione ◽

Giulia Schiavo

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Disk Diffusion Assay ◽

Spray Formulation ◽

Carrier Test ◽

And Control

Wound contaminants are the main cause of healing delay and infection in both chronic and acute wounds; for this reason, the microbial infection management in wound healing is one of the most important components for an effective standard of care. The wound contaminants are most likely to originate from the environment and from the surrounding skin lesion, and to date, the most frequent bacteria isolated are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In order to counteract and control these contaminants, the standard care includes topical antiseptic agents. The most commonly used include iodine-releasing agents (e.g., povidone-iodine), hydrogen peroxide, and polyhexanide. This study aims to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a novel topical spray (Fitostimoline® Plus spray) based on 0.1% polyhexanide and Rigenase® against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and the combination of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Fitostimoline® Plus spray was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion assay, quantitative suspension test, and quantitative carrier test, demonstrating that Fitostimoline® Plus spray is able to kill 99.9% bacteria. These results support the microbiological characterization of Fitostimoline® Plus spray confirming the antibacterial activity of polyhexanide (PHMB).

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Maclura tinctoria Extracts: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Sedative Effect in Rhamdia quelen

Fishes ◽

10.3390/fishes6030025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Luana da Costa Pires ◽

Patricia Rodrigues ◽

Quelen Iane Garlet ◽

Luisa Barichello Barbosa ◽

Bibiana Petri da Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Sedative Effect ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Normal Behavior ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Light Sedation

Maclura tinctoria is a tree species native from Brazil and rich in phenolic compounds. Since plant antibacterial activity is highly associated with phenolic compound concentration, we aim to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different extracts against fish pathogenic bacteria. In addition, some phenolic compounds have central depressant effects and can be useful in aquaculture due to possible sedative and/or anesthetic effects. Four M. tinctoria extracts were extracted separately with ethanol; leaves (LE), bark (BE), heartwood (HE), and the sapwood (SE). In vitro antimicrobial activity was tested against Aeromonas strains at concentrations of 6400 to 3.125 μg/mL. The sedative effect was evaluated for 24 h with 30 and 100 mg/L concentrations. Chemical composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The HE extract had the best MIC (400 µg/mL) and MBC (800 µg/mL) compared to the LE, BE, and SE extracts. LE extract induced deep sedation and the BE, SE, and HE extracts induced light sedation. Additionally, BE, SE, and HE induced a normal behavior without side effects. Polyphenolic compounds with antimicrobial activity and sedative effects were identified mainly in HE. Thus, HE extract is safe and can be used as a sedative for silver catfish.

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Oxidation studies on β-lactam antibiotics: In-vitro antimicrobial activity of the oxidized products of 3-heteroarylthiomethyl-ceph-3-ems

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19912362 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 2362-2372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajeshwar Singh ◽

Maya P. Singh ◽

Ronald G. Micetich

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Side Chain ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Oxidized Products

Various products from the oxidation of 3-heteroarylthiomethyl-ceph-3-ems using m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) and hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid in varying stoichiometric ratios have been isolated, identified and their in vitro antimicrobial activity determined. The oxidized compounds with the 2-aminothiazol-4-yl-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido side chain showed better antibacterial activity against various Gram negative bacteria compared to the unoxidized compounds.

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Inclusion of marbofloxacin in PMMA orthopaedic cement

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632983 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

H. J. Boulouis ◽

P. Moissonnier ◽

M. Cariou

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic ◽

Galenic Form ◽

Pmma Cement

SummaryThis in vitro experimental study investigated the feasibility for marbofloxacin, a veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic, to retain its antibacterial activity after its inclusion in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. The assays were conducted on gelose cultures of various types of bacteria isolated from canine spontaneous osteomyelitis. The efficiency of the antibiotics was assessed by using an antibiogram method. Resistance of marbofloxacin to the temperature observed during PMMA polymerization, antimicrobial effect of galenic, useful concentrations and comparison with gentamicin (reference antibiotic for this use) were evaluated. Marbofloxacin retained its antimicrobial activity after being heated to high temperatures reached during polymerization. The more effective galenic form to incorporate into the PMMA monomer was the marbofloxacin powder and the appropriate concentration was 1/40°. In this experiment, marbofloxacin included in PMMA showed a good antimicrobial activity; however this activity was lower than gentamicin added to PMMA on Gram + and Pseudomonas bacteria.Therefore, it seems useful to incorporate marbofloxacin to PMMA cement to treat, or to prevent, osteomyelitis associated with marbofloxacin sensitive bacteria.Nevertheless, the development of a marbofloxacin-PMMA cement requires further evaluation, especially pharmacological, biomechanical and clinical.

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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with Fluorohydroxyapatite against E. faecalis In Vitro

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/6318690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Behnam Bolhari ◽

Aidin Sooratgar ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Nazanin Chitsaz ◽

Iman Hamraz

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant microorganism in chronic apical periodontitis. It is more resistant to local antiseptic agents than other endodontic microorganisms. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is considered as an ideal material in many endodontic procedures. Some studies have shown that MTA has good antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. However, some studies have investigated the effect of incorporating some materials into MTA on its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. No study has evaluated the effect of incorporating fluorohydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-FHA) on the antimicrobial activity of MTA. Therefore, the present study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of MTA mixed with nano-FHA on E. faecalis in vitro. The study was carried out on 18 samples in three groups: pure MTA, MTA mixed with 10 wt% of nano-FHA, and MTA mixed with 15 wt% of nan-FHA. The effect of nano-FHA on the antibacterial activity of MTA on E. faecalis was evaluated by evaluating the growth inhibition zone around each sample. The antimicrobial effect of samples on inhibiting E. faecalis biofilm formation and inhibiting microbial growth of E. faecalis in the planktonic phase was evaluated by disk agar diffusion (DAD), biofilm inhibition assay (BIA), and direct contact assay (DCA) tests, respectively. All the above tests were analyzed after 24 and 72 hours. Factorial designs were used for statistical analyses. Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons. All the statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS 26. DAD results showed no formation of the growth inhibition zone in all the samples after 24 and 72 hours. The microbial colony counts in the BIA and DCA tests in the groups modified with FHA nanoparticles were significantly lower than the pure MTA group ( P < 0.05 ). The microbial colony counts increased in all the groups over time ( P < 0.05 ). Incorporating nano-FHA into MTA improved the antimicrobial activity of MTA against E. faecalis compared to pure MTA. The highest antimicrobial activity was achieved after incorporating 15 wt% of nano-FHA into MTA at the 72-hour interval.

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Antimicrobial Effect of Newly Formulated Toothpastes and a Mouthrinse on Specific Microorganisms: An In Vitro Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1695655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yeliz Guven ◽

Nilufer Ustun ◽

Elif Bahar Tuna ◽

Oya Aktoren

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Vitro Study

Abstract Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of newly formulated toothpastes (four toothpastes for adults and two toothpastes for kids/babies) and a mouthrinse. Materials and Methods Newly formulated six different toothpastes and one mouthrinse of a single brand and commercially available five toothpastes and three mouthrinse were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, by agar well diffusion assay. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters and statistical analyses were performed. Results All experimental adult toothpastes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans except the experimental toothpaste D. Experimental toothpaste B exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against C. albicans and S. mutans. Experimental toothpaste for kids showed the best antimicrobial activity against S. mutans when kids’ toothpastes were compared. None of the tested toothpastes for kids/babies showed antibacterial effects for C. albicans. Among the mouthrinse tested, Sensodyne mouthrinse showed the best results. Experimental mouthrinse showed significantly lower antibacterial activity against S. mutans then Sensodyne, Eludril, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Conclusion Although experimental toothpaste and mouthrinse formulations revealed good results in terms of antimicrobial activity to some specific microorganisms, further studies involving more bacterial species or analyzing the quality and efficacy of these products by other in vitro or in vivo tests are needed.

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Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of azepine and thiepine derivatives

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc150116013b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 839-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nina Bozinovic ◽

Irena Novakovic ◽

Sladjana Kostic-Rajacic ◽

Igor Opsenica ◽

Bogdan Solaja

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Weak Antibacterial Activity

A series of new 5H-pyridobenzazepine and pyridobenzothiepine derivatives was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed formation of C-N and C-S bonds. All synthesized compounds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The 5H-pyridobenzazepine derivatives showed better antibacterial and antifungal activity than corresponding 5H-dipyridoazepine analogs. Among the synthesized azepines, derivative 8 displayed potent activity against tested bacteria (MIC = 39-78 ?g/mL), while azepine 12 showed promising antifungal activity (MIC = 156-313 ?g/mL). The synthesized thiepine derivatives exhibited weak antibacterial activity, but showed pronounced antifungal activity.

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