The effect of some salts on Thiobacillus thioparus

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Keller
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Thiobacillus Thioparus ◽  
Other Hand

The effect of NaCl on Thiobacillus thioparus ATCC 8158 and on a strain of T. thioparus isolated from salt-rich Ein Bokek spring, near the Dead Sea, was investigated. Whereas the growth of T. thioparus ATCC 8158 was completely arrested by NaCl, KCl, or NaNO3 at a concentration of 0.3 M, the Ein Bokek strain tolerated 1.4 M of NaCl in the growth medium. Other salts (KCl, KNO3, CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaNO3) were significantly more toxic than NaCl. On the other hand, their effect on oxygen uptake by both strains was similar to that of NaCl.The thiosulfate-oxidizing system in cell-free extract was less affected by NaCl than that in the intact cells. Most of the effect of NaCl on this system could be attributed to inhibition of endogenous respiration. It was concluded that sodium chloride did not inhibit growth of T. thioparus through blocking its respiratory processes.

THE METABOLISM OF YEAST SPORULATION: III. RESPIRATION OF SPORULATING AND GROWING CELLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
O. Hoffmann-Ostenhof ◽  
Eszter Scheiber ◽  
O. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output

Cells from growth medium had a strong endogenous respiration under aerobic conditions with a respiratory quotient of approximately unity. In M/300 glucose, their oxygen uptake was somewhat greater than the endogenous, but the aerobic carbon dioxide output was approximately twice the oxygen uptake. When such cells were incubated in buffer no change in their respiration in glucose was noted in 2 days, but when incubated in 0.3% acetate the respiratory quotient declined to 1.3–1.5. This decline was evident within six hours of the time the cells were placed in acetate. Glucose (0.1%) also depressed the respiratory quotient. With two other sporulation substrates, sodium pyruvate (0.13%) and lactic acid (0.1%), the effect was not so pronounced, and a fifth, dihydroxyacetone (0.1%), seemed to have little or no effect. Spores developed more rapidly and became more abundant in the acetate than in any of the other compounds. The changes in the respiratory quotient did not show a clear correlation with either the amount or the rapidity of sporulation in the five sporulation substrates. When cells were incubated in acetate or in glucose for a day under anaerobic conditions their respiratory quotient did not decline. Some success was obtained in separating sporulated from non-sporulated cells by centrifuging. No difference was noted in the respiration of sporulated and non-sporulated cells. The respiratory quotient of cells from sporulated cultures returned to values characteristic of growing cells after 2 to 4 hours in growth medium.

Photoreception of Paramecium cilia: localization of photosensitivity and binding with anti-frog-rhodopsin IgG

1991 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Y. Nakaoka ◽  
R. Tokioka ◽  
T. Shinozawa ◽  
J. Fujita ◽  
J. Usukura
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Light Stimulation ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Antibody Labeling

Paramecium bursaria is photosensitive and accumulates in a lighted area. The cells can be deciliated by a brief suspension in dilute ethanol. Both intact and deciliated cells showed depolarization in response to light stimulation by a step-increase from dark to above 0.7 mW cm-2 (550 nm). On the other hand, after a step-increase to below 0.4 mW cm-1, intact cells showed hyperpolarization, while the deciliated cells showed no change in membrane potential. This difference in membrane potential response between ciliated and deciliated cells suggests that both somatic and ciliary structures are photosensitive. In our search for the photoreceptive molecules, a polyclonal antibody induced in rabbits against frog rhodopsin was found to cross-react with a 63x10(3) Mr protein of P. bursaria, by immunoelectrophoresis. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the antibody labeling was localized on both the ciliary and the somatic membranes. These results raise the possibility that P. bursaria may contain a rhodopsin-like protein as a photoreceptor molecule.

Catabolite-controlled regulation of glutamate dehydrogenases of Neurospora crassa

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kapoor ◽  
A. K. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Other Hand

The effect of the presence of catabolites in the growth medium on the synthesis of the two glutamate dehydrogenases of Neurospora crassa is reported. It has been demonstrated that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) specific glutamate dehydrogenase is subject to repression by sucrose and glucose. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) specific glutamate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, is induced by increasing concentrations of the catabolite. These data suggest that a reciprocal relationship exists between these two enzymes during synthesis in the presence of catabolites. Growth in higher concentrations of sucrose led to the formation of two isoenzymes of the NADP-specific enzyme; the second or the minor isozyme is not produced at very low catabolite concentrations. The catabolite effects produced by sucrose are overcome by glutamate, if the latter is incorporated into the growth medium. Glutamate represses both the isozymes of NADP-specific enzyme.

RESPIRATION OF INTACT CELLS OF A LOW-TEMPERATURE BASIDIOMYCETE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Exogenous Glucose

Conventional manometric procedures were used to measure oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide evolution by cells of a low-temperature basidiomycete. Total respiration was lowest and, relatively, endogenous respiration was highest in old cells. During starvation, endogenous respiration decreased but did so most rapidly in young cells. Maximum response to exogenous glucose was obtained from young cells after starvation. The respiratory quotient of endogenous respiration fell from 1.0 to approximately 0.7 during starvation, indicating a change in endogenous substrate. Conversely the respiratory quotient for exogenous respiration of added glucose increased with the starvation period. The level of oxidative assimilation of glucose was shown to be high (80-90%) and evidence was obtained that exogenous glucose did not suppress endogenous respiration.The optimum temperature for oxygen uptake was 25 °C, below which the Q10 was approximately 2. At 30 °C the rate, while initially highest, decreased during the 6-hour incubation period.The fungus utilized various compounds as carbon sources, but not sucrose in short-term experiments. Glucose, but not xylose was fermented, although the ratio of carbon dioxide to ethanol was not 1:1. Inhibition by fluoride, arsenite, iodoacetate, fluoroacetate, and malonate suggested that both glucose and xylose are respired at least in part by the Embden-Meyerof pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Endogenous respiration was only slightly affected by these inhibitors.

scholarly journals Distribution of Aldoxime Dehydratase in Microorganisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2290-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Kato ◽  
Ryoko Ooi ◽  
Yasuhisa Asano
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aldoxime Dehydratase

ABSTRACT The distribution of phenylacetaldoxime-degrading and pyridine-3-aldoxime-degrading ability was examined with intact cells of 975 microorganisms, including 45 genera of bacteria, 11 genera of actinomyces, 22 genera of yeasts, and 37 genera of fungi, by monitoring the decrease of the aldoximes by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The abilities were found to be widely distributed in bacteria, actinomyces, fungi, and some yeasts: 98 and 107 strains degraded phenylacetaldoxime and pyridine-3-aldoxime, respectively. All of the active strains exhibited not only the aldoxime-dehydration activity to form nitrile but also nitrile-hydrolyzing activity. On the other hand, all of 19 nitrile-degrading microorganisms (13 species, 7 genera) were found to exhibit aldoxime dehydration activity. It is shown that aldoxime dehydratase and nitrile-hydrolyzing activities are widely distributed among 188 aldoxime and 19 nitrile degraders and that the enzymes were induced by aldoximes or nitriles.

scholarly journals The Fallopian Tube of the Sheep Iv. The Metabolism of Ram Spermatozoa in the Presence of Fluid from the Fallopian Tube

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Restall ◽  
RG Wales
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Other Hand

Using isotopically labelled substrates, the metabolism of ram spermatozoa was examined in the presence of fluid from the fallopian tubes of normal ewes and spayed ewes receiving oestrogen and progesterone in factorial combination. The oxygen uptake of spermatozoa in tubal fluid was variable but was generally less than that of spermatozoa incubated in a saline diluent containing glucose (control). Due to the presence of lactate in the tubal fluids, the oxidation of added glucose by spermatozoa was consistently depressed when compared with the saline controls. On the other hand glucose utilization and lactate accumulation by spermatozoa were stimulated in the presence of tubal fluids in all experiments, the response being generally twice that of the controls. In addition, similar effects were found in fluids collected during two consecutive oestrous cycles.

The Throne Visions of Daniel 7, 1 Enoch 14, and the Qumran Book of Giants (4Q530): An Analysis of Their Literary Relationship

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-358
Author(s):  
Ryan Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Dead ◽  
1 Enoch

AbstractIn Dan 7:9–10, the apocalyptic seer narrates his vision of God's heavenly throne. According to most scholars, Daniel's vision account depends literarily on the supposedly more primitive visionary traditions found in 1 Enoch 14 and the Book of Giants of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Certain divergences in these traditions, however, reveal that it is in fact 1 Enoch 14 that depends on a vision account much like that found in Dan 7. The Book of Giants and Daniel, on the other hand, both seem to make use of a common tradition, each adapting it in a different way.

Viability and Adaptability of E. coli. and Enterococcus Group to Salt Water with High Concentration of Sodium Chloride

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Omura ◽  
M Onuma ◽  
Y Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rapid Extinction ◽  
Other Hand

Some experiments were carried out to examine the adaptability of E. coli. and enterococcus group to salt water with high concentration of sodium chloride after the experiments on viability in this salt water. Unlike E. coli. type I, when E.coli. type II was repeatedly exposed to salt water, the survival of E.coli. type II was changed from rapid extinction to multiplication as the experiments went on. At the same time, it was also made clear by means of the IMViC test that E.coli. type II was replaced by Citrobacter freundii as E.coli. type II adapted itself to salt water. The enterococcus group was separated into four distinct types; S. faecalis, S. faecalis var. liquefaciens, S. faecium and S. durans. The results of the experiments on viability in salt water indicated that S. faecalis var. liquefaciens possessed the greatest viability, and S. faecium the weakest. From the results of the experiments on adaptability, it was found that each type of enterococcus group had a different adaptability to salt water. In spite of the weakest viability, S. faecium could adapt itself to salt water as well as S. faecalis and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens. On the other hand, S. durans could not adapt itself to salt water at all.

USE OF GEL FILTRATION AND ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR PARTIAL FRACTIONATION OF A SOLUTION FROM WHEY CONTAINING SODIUM CHLORIDE, ASH AND LACTOSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
M. A. Khorshid ◽  
I. D. Rifaat ◽  
M. H. Abd El-Salam ◽  
A. A. Hofi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Other Hand

Lactose and chloride are partially separated from deproteinated salted whey (D.S.W.) by gel filtration. Approximately 24.1% of chloride was removed and 8.9% lactose was recovered from 3 ml of D.S.W. with a 10 g column of Sephadex G-10. On the other hand, 77.6% of chloride was removed and 74.5% lactose was recovered from 3 ml of D.S.W. with three continuous 10 g columns of Sephadax G-10. Ion exchange chromatography removed 92.1% and 99.1% of the chloride content of D.S.W. by using a single and double pass system, respectively.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis of αs2-casein in solution by chymosin, plasmin, trypsin and Lactobacillus-proteinases

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Anne Pihlanto-Leppälä ◽  
Eero Pahkala ◽  
Minna Kahala ◽  
Veijo Antila
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this study was to examine the enzymic hydrolysis of αs2-casein by isolating and identifying the released peptides. The enzymes applied in the study were chymosin, plasmin and trypsin as well as cell free extracts from three strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and nine strains of L. casei. The findings showed that chymosin had weak proteolytic activity on αs2-casein. Plasmin, on the other hand, released numerous peptides under the used conditions. The majority of the identified fragments were released from the C terminal end of the substrate. Plasmin hydrolysed mainly Lys-X bonds. The third enzyme, trypsin, hydrolysed several bonds of αs2-casein. Peptides were released from almost all regions of the protein. Trypsin acted on the carboxyl sides of arginyl and lysyl residues. Cell free extract of lactobacilli had little activity on αs2-casein.

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