The organic nitrogen exigency of and effects of manganese on coremia production in Penicillium clavigerum and Penicillium claviforme

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Tinnell ◽  
B. L. Jefferson ◽  
R. E. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Quantity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Penicillium Claviforme

The production of mycelium and conidia of Penicillium clavigerum and Penicillium claviforme is severely restricted if an amino acid is not present in a maltose–mineral salts medium. This requirement can be satisfied by any L-amino acid, although the optimum quantity varies with the type of amino acid. When ammonium–nitrogen is substituted for nitrate–nitrogen or amino acid–nitrogen in the P. clavigerum medium, the formation of coremia and conidia is prevented, mycelial growth is inhibited, and an orange intracellular pigment is produced. The numbers of coremia and conidia produced by both organisms are regulated by the quantity of manganese in the media.

NITRIFICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE USING MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT AND PERFUSION TECHNIQUES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. STEWART ◽  
C. T. CORKE ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
L. R. WEBBER
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Miscible Displacement ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Miscible displacement and soil perfusion techniques were used to study the transformations of nitrogen in fractions of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. In miscible displacement experiments the rates of nitrification of NH4+-N of supernates of sludge were 115 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day at a flow rate of 0.17 cm h−1, and 81 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day at the lower flow rate of 0.10 cm h−1. The soil perfusion experiments indicated that only the ammonium-nitrogen of the sludge solids was oxidized to nitrate-nitrogen. The rates of nitrification of sludge were 37 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day for an application of 5.0 cm ha−1 and 15 μg NO3−-N/g soil/day for a sludge application equivalent to 2.5 cm ha−1. The experiments were not of sufficient duration to determine that mineralization of the organic-nitrogen in the digested sludge and subsequent nitrification occurred.

Nitrogen Transformation during Pig Manure Composting at Low Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1226-1231
Author(s):  
Shu Qin Li ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Jing Gang Xu ◽  
Dong Yin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Unknown Form

Discharge of animal manure without treatment not only pollutes environment but also influences people health. It also hinders further development of livestock industry. Composting animal manure is one of the solutions to this problem, in which content and morphous of nitrogen play important roles that affect the compost quality. Therefore it has great meaning to study nitrogen transformation during the pig manure composting, especially at low temperature which reduces composting turnover rate. In this study, pig manure was collected as compost material. Maize stover was chosen as attendant agent. Three kinds of microbial agents (A, B, C) were inoculated into the manure to start composting at 6°C. Contrast test was performed without microbial innoculant added. Acid nitrogen and non-acid nitrogen were included in total nitrogen in the composting process. Furthermore, Amide nitrogen, amino acid nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and other unknown form acid nitrogen were included in acid nitrogen. Total nitrogen (TN) content decreased rapidly with microbial agents (A, B, C) added during the early 6d of the composting. TN content was the lowest at the stage of high temperature (6-12d) and increased quickly between 12-18d, and it became stable after 18d. Dynamics of acid nitrogen content was the same as that of TN content. Non-acid nitrogen content varied as same as the nitrogen content in contrast test. These indicated that composting microorganisms could not utilize non-acid nitrogen, so the change of TN was due to the variation of acid nitrogen. In the early stage of composting (0-6d), contents of both amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen decreased rapidly. Moreover, ammonium nitrogen content increased quickly. It suggested that amino acid nitrogen and the unknown form nitrogen transformed into ammonium nitrogen. The decrease of acid nitrogen and TN contents were resulted from the evaporation at high temperature. In the stage of high temperature (6-12d), microorganisms grew quickly so that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen increased rapidly, which were ingredients of microorganisms. Other form nitrogen changed a little. In the stage of maturity (12-18d), contents of amide nitrogen, amino sugar nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen decreased rapidly, while the content of unknown form acid nitrogen increased quickly. Content of amino acid nitrogen grew slowly, which suggested that amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen changed into unknown form acid nitrogen as well as amino acid nitrogen. As temperature decreased, contents of unknown form acid nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increased slowly, while contents of other form nitrogen decreased after 18d. The amide nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen contents decreased quickly at the former stage of the composting but slowly later. Content of ammonium nitrogen decreased significantly over the composting process.

Soil Nitrogen Forms and Availability in Paddy Soil under Different Fertilization Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Ze Yu Guan ◽  
Jiu Dao Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Hydrolyzable Nitrogen

To reveal the characteristics of soil organic nitrogen components under different long-term fertilization methods in paddy fields, 7 typical paddy fields in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province were selected, and soil samples were collected from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. The samples were analyzed for available nitrogen, total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen content and each component of organic nitrogen. The results showed that soil nitrogen decreased with increasing soil depth in the soil profile. Different fertilization methods had a significant or greater effect on the available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in 0 to 10 cm soil, and it had a significant effect on the total nitrogen content in 10 to 20 cm soil. Combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial for improving available soil nitrogen. Applying organic fertilizer was beneficial for the accumulation of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen. Organic nitrogen was a major part of soil nitrogen. In terms of directly affecting the path analysis, the effects of ammonia sugar nitrogen, acid-hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen on available nitrogen are significant. A small negative correlation was shown between amino acid nitrogen and available nitrogen. Amino acid nitrogen indirectly affected the available nitrogen through other components. In terms of the general effect of the path analysis, the influence of non-hydrolyzable nitrogen to available nitrogen was the highest. An important factor to consider in relation to reasonable fertilization is that promoting non-hydrolyzable nitrogen and unknown acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen transformed into available nitrogen and accumulated available nitrogen.

THE UTILIZATION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-15N BY UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. McConnell ◽  
E. W. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Carbon 14

When uredospores of wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis van tritici (race 15B), were incubated with a 3 mM solution of ammonium chloride-15N, a significant amount of nitrogen 15 was converted into organic nitrogen. Most of this organic nitrogen 15 was found in the ethanol and water extracts, with lesser amounts in the buffer and in extracted spores.Amino acids extracted from the spores all contained excess nitrogen 15. Nitrogen 15 from the inorganic source was diluted by factors of 1.7 and 2.7 in free aspartic and glutamic acids respectively; these amino acids were the most heavily labeled with the isotope. Proline was the most weakly labeled amino acid, the nitrogen 15 being diluted by a factor of 102. Good incorporation of nitrogen 15 into glutamic acid compared to simultaneous poor incorporation into the biochemically related amino acid, proline, parallels previous observations made during carbon 14 experiments with rust uredospores.Fourteen "bound" amino acids were isolated after acid hydrolysis of extracted spores. All contained nitrogen 15, the dilution of the added ammonia nitrogen ranging from 96 for glutamic acid to 7660 for proline.The results are taken as evidence that uredospores of wheat stem rust can incorporate ammonium nitrogen into free amino acids and into proteins.

Nitrogen requirements of the genus Linderina

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
Christina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Better Than

The influence of different nitrogen sources on the growth of Linderina was examined in liquid culture. Both species of Linderina were unable to assimilate nitrate nitrogen and nitrite seemed to be toxic. Ammonium nitrogen was used but the growth response was considerably lower than that with some organic nitrogen materials. Inclusion in the growth medium of succinic acid as a carbon source failed to improve the assimilation of ammonium.Amino nitrogen as aspartic acid and asparagine gave good growth though not as good as with L- or DL-glutamic acid. The response to DL-glutamic acid was markedly better than to the L-isomer whereas the D-isomer gave relatively poor growth.

scholarly journals Water Quality Monitoring with Emphasis on Estimation of Point and Diffuse Pollution Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

<p>Population growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities are becoming a serious problem for water resources in Turkey, which necessitates their monitoring and maintenance of water quality. In this study, water quality was implemented in the Porsuk Stream in Inner Anatolia, Turkey. Water samples were collected at monthly intervals between the period of 2008-2010 at four selected stations. Twenty one water quality parameters were measured which are water temperature (T), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity, chloride, suspended solids, dissolved solids, organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total organic carbon, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform, alkalinity, orthophosphate phosphorus (PO43--P), total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. The monitoring was conducted to see how the water quality changed along the stream in response to various anthropogenic activities. Besides, a paired t-test was utilized to determine the concentration differences at stations above and below the single most important point source of pollutants (Eskişehir city). Moreover, a regression model was used to establish relations between water quality parameters and flow and to estimate nonpoint source loadings.</p>

Re-evaluation of nutrient sources for deep-sea wood-boring bivalves using the isotopic composition of bulk C, N, S, and amino acid nitrogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yamanaka ◽  
S Shimamura ◽  
Y Chikaraishi ◽  
T Haga ◽  
Y Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Boring

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INSULIN UPON THE BLOOD AMINO ACID NITROGEN OF THE RABBIT

1929 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-638
Author(s):  
Fritz Bischoff ◽  
M. Louisa Long
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen
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