Distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in relation to the concentration of particulate organic matter in seawater

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimio Fukami ◽  
Usio Simidu ◽  
Nobuo Taga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Living Bacteria

The relationship between the number of bacteria and the concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC) in seawater was investigated. In coastal seawater in summer, the POC concentration showed better correlation to the density of bacteria obtained by the viable plate count method (viable count, V.C.) than by the total direct count method (total count, T.C.). The number of attached bacteria (A) showed significant fluctuation, both laterally on a geographical scale and vertically in the water column; on the other hand, the number of free-living bacteria (F) was relatively constant. The POC concentration had a much higher correlation with A (r = 0.8795) than with T.C. (r = 0.7339), and had a low correlation with F (r = 0.6935). Moreover, a very good correlation was observed between the density of bacteria obtained by V.C. and A (r = 0.9153). These results indicate that when the concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) increases, some free-living bacteria become attached to POM, and grow on the surface of POM. These communities of attached bacteria have the ability to make colonies on plate media and can be counted as the "viable plate count."

Distribution of viable marine bacteria in neritic seawater around Japan

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kogure ◽  
Ushio Simidu ◽  
Nobuo Taga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Sagami Bay ◽  
Direct Count ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
Kuroshio Region ◽  
Living Bacteria

The direct viable count (DVC) method of determining the number of living bacteria in natural seawater was applied to samples collected from areas around Japan ranging from polluted to oligotrophic. In summer, the DVC comprised 1.5–39.8% (mean, 11.2%) of the total direct count (TDC) in Tokyo Bay, which was highly eutrophic. In offshore areas (Sagami Bay and the Kuroshio region), the percentages ranged from 0.7 to 7.9 (mean, 2.8%). In winter, slightly higher percentages were observed in Sagami Bay. The majority of DVC cells were free-living. The distribution of bacteria correlated closely with particulate or dissolved organic matter.

scholarly journals Coupling of heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton bloom development at different <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> levels: a mesocosm study

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Allgaier ◽  
U. Riebesell ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
R. Thyrhaug ◽  
H.-P. Grossart
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Living Bacteria

Abstract. The predicted rise in anthropogenic CO2 emissions will increase CO2 concentrations and decrease seawater pH in the upper ocean. Recent studies have revealed effects of pCO2 induced changes in seawater chemistry on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms. To test whether the predicted increase in pCO2 will directly or indirectly (via changes in phytoplankton dynamics) affect abundance, activities, and community composition of heterotrophic bacteria during phytoplankton bloom development, we have aerated mesocosms with CO2 to obtain triplicates with three different partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2): 350 μatm (1×CO2), 700 μatm (2×CO2) and 1050 μatm (3×CO2). The development of a phytoplankton bloom was initiated by the addition of nitrate and phosphate. In accordance to an elevated carbon to nitrogen drawdown at increasing pCO2, bacterial production (BPP) of free-living and attached bacteria as well as cell-specific BPP (csBPP) of attached bacteria were related to the C:N ratio of suspended matter. These relationships significantly differed among treatments. However, bacterial abundance and activities were not statistically different among treatments. Solely community structure of free-living bacteria changed with pCO2 whereas that of attached bacteria seemed to be independent of pCO2 but tightly coupled to phytoplankton bloom development. Our findings imply that changes in pCO2, although reflected by changes in community structure of free-living bacteria, do not directly affect bacterial activity. Furthermore, bacterial activity and dynamics of heterotrophic bacteria, especially of attached bacteria, were tightly correlated to phytoplankton development and, hence, may also potentially depend on changes in pCO2.

scholarly journals Coupling of heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton bloom development at different pCO<sub>2</sub> levels: a mesocosm study

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Allgaier ◽  
U. Riebesell ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
R. Thyrhaug ◽  
H.-P. Grossart
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Living Bacteria

Abstract. The predicted rise in anthropogenic CO2 emissions will increase CO2 concentrations and decrease seawater pH in the upper ocean. Recent studies have revealed effects of pCO2 induced changes in seawater chemistry on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms. To test whether the predicted increase in pCO2 will directly or indirectly (via changes in phytoplankton dynamics) affect abundance, activities, and community composition of heterotrophic bacteria during phytoplankton bloom development, we have aerated mesocosms with CO2 to obtain triplicates with three different partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2): 350 µatm (1×CO2), 700 µatm (2×CO2) and 1050 µatm (3×CO2). The development of a phytoplankton bloom was initiated by the addition of nitrate and phosphate. In accordance to an elevated carbon to nitrogen drawdown at increasing pCO2, bacterial production (BPP) of free-living and attached bacteria as well as cell-specific BPP (csBPP) of attached bacteria were related to the C:N ratio of suspended matter. These relationships significantly differed among treatments. However, bacterial abundance and activities were not statistically different among treatments. Solely community structure of free-living bacteria changed with pCO2 whereas that of attached bacteria seemed to be independent of pCO2 but tightly coupled to phytoplankton bloom development. Our findings imply that changes in pCO2, although reflected by changes in community structure of free-living bacteria, do not directly affect bacterial activity. Furthermore, bacterial activity and dynamics of heterotrophic bacteria, especially of attached bacteria, were tightly linked to phytoplankton development and, hence, may also potentially depend on changes in pCO2.

scholarly journals Diel Protein Regulation of Marine Picoplanktonic Communities Assessed by Metaproteomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Augustin Géron ◽  
Johannes Werner ◽  
Philippe Lebaron ◽  
Ruddy Wattiez ◽  
Sabine Matallana-Surget
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Diel Cycle ◽  
Diel Variation ◽  
Protein Regulation ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Attached Bacteria

The diel cycle is of enormous biological importance in that it imposes temporal structure on ecosystem productivity. In the world’s oceans, microorganisms form complex communities that carry out about half of photosynthesis and the bulk of life-sustaining nutrient cycling. How the functioning of microbial communities is impacted by day and night periods in surface seawater remains to be elucidated. In this study, we compared the day and night metaproteomes of the free-living and the particle-attached bacterial fractions from picoplanktonic communities sampled from the northwest Mediterranean Sea surface. Our results showed similar taxonomic distribution of free-living and particle-attached bacterial populations, with Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria being the most active members. Comparison of the day and night metaproteomes revealed that free-living and particle-attached bacteria were more active during the day and the night, respectively. Interestingly, protein diel variations were observed in the photoautotroph Synechococcales and in (photo)-heterotrophic bacteria such as Flavobacteriales, Pelagibacterales and Rhodobacterales. Moreover, our data demonstrated that diel cycle impacts light-dependent processes such as photosynthesis and UV-stress response in Synechococcales and Rhodobacterales, respectively, while the protein regulation from the ubiquitous Pelagibacterales remained stable over time. This study unravels, for the first time, the diel variation in the protein expression of major free-living and particle-attached microbial players at the sea surface, totaling an analysis of eight metaproteomes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESUBURAN PERAIRAN WADUK JATIBARANG BERDASARKAN DISTRIBUSI DAN KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI HETEROTROFIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Hidayah ◽  
Niniek Widyorini ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Total Plate Count

ABSTRAKWaduk Jatibarang terletak di Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang. Waduk tersebut digunakan sebagai pengendali banjir, tempat pariwisata, kegiatan menangkap ikan, dan rencana akan dibuat sebagai sumber air bersih melalui PDAM. Pemanfaatan waduk untuk berbagai keperluan kemungkinan dapat menurunkan kualitas air dari waduk tersebut. Penelitian ini mengkaji kesuburan perairan Waduk Jatibarang berdasarkan distribusi dan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrofik. Bakteri heterotrofik berperan penting dalam sistem perairan sebagai perombak dan meremineralisasi bahan-bahan organik menjadi komponen anorganik sederhana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi kelimpahan bakteri heterotrofik, kandungan bahan organik total, hubungan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrofik dengan bahan organik total, dan status kesuburan waduk Jatibarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif bersifat studi kasus.  Sampling dilakukan pada tanggal 27 April dan 11 Mei 2016 di lima (5) stasiun dengan kedalaman 1 meter. Penghitungan kelimpahan bakteri menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Pengujian kandungan bahan organik total menggunakan metode Titrimetri Permanganat SNI 06-6989.22-2004. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan distribusi spasial-temporal bakteri heterotrofik fluktuatif dan relatif tinggi, dengan kelimpahan berkisar (45 – 131) x 105 cfu/ml. Kandungan bahan organik total berkisar 11,771 - 21,883 mg/l. Hubungan antara bakteri heterotrofik dengan bahan organik total yaitu hubungan yang terbalik menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara keduanya. Status kesuburan perairan Waduk Jatibarang berdasarkannilai kelimpahan bakteri heterotrofik (45 – 131) x 105cfu/ml > (22 – 120) x 105 cfu/ml dan kandungan bahan organik total 11,771 – 21,883 mg/l perairan bersifat eutrofik. Kata kunci: Waduk Jatibarang; bakteri heterotrofik; bahan organik total; eutrofik ABSTRACTJatibarang Reservoirs located in District Gunungpati, Semarang. The reservoir are used as flood control, the tourism, fishing activities, and the plan will be created as a source of clean water through the taps. Utilization of reservoirs for various purposes may reduce the quality of the water reservoir. This study examines the productivity waters Jatibarang Reservoir based on the distribution and abundance of heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in aquatic systems as to change and remineralize organic materials into simple inorganic components. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, total organic matter content, abundance of heterotrophic bacteria relationships with total organic matter and productivity status Jatibarang Reservoirs. The method used in this research is descriptive case study. The sampling was conducted on April 27 and May 11, 2016 in five (5) stations with a depth of 1 meter. Calculation of the abundance of bacteria using Total Plate Count (TPC). Tests using a total organic matter content titrimetric method SNI 06-6989.22-2004 permanganate. The results showed the spatial-temporal distribution of heterotrophic bacteria volatile and relatively high, with an abundance range (45-131) x 105cfu/ml. Total organic matter content ranges (11.771 - 21.883) mg/l. The relationship between of heterotrophic bacteria with total organic material that is an inverse relationship showed no relationship between both. The productivity status of the dam water Jatibarang based on the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria (45-131) x 105cfu/ml > (22-120) x 105cfu/ml and organic matter content of the total 11.771 - 21.883 mg/l  waters are eutrophic.Keywords: Jatibarang Reservoir; heterotrophic bacteria; total organic matter; eutrophic

The Potential of Free-Living Ground Water Bacteria to Degrade Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Compounds

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arvin ◽  
B. Jensen ◽  
J. Aamand ◽  
C. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
Living Bacteria

This study has documented that a considerable degradation potential related to aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic nitrogen-, sulphur- and oxygen- containing compounds is associated with the free-living ground water bacteria. All studies were performed under aerobic conditions and with surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus. After a lag period, which differs considerably between locations upstream and downstream of hydrocarbon spills, the free-living bacteria are able to degrade the hydrocarbons to concentrations less than 1 µg/l. The bacteria from one site were able to degrade naphthalene according to a zero order reaction even at 1 µg/l. Preliminary experiments indicate that the free-living bacteria may have a relatively high activity compared to the attached bacteria when compared on the basis of the same total bacteria numbers. The hypothesis is put forward that, although the attached biomass concentration in the aquifer may be much higher than the free-living biomass, the latter is still very important for the degradation capability if the attached bacteria are fixed in the fine soil fractions (silt, etc), the reason being that the flow of water, and with this the flux of substrate, is relatively small to the attached bacteria due to low hydraulic conductivity in the fine soil fractions.

Limnoithona sinensis as refuge for bacteria: protection from UV radiation and chlorine disinfection in drinking water treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Bo Cai ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Living Bacteria

In this study, we tested the potential of Limnoithona sinensis to provide its attached bacteria refuge against disinfection. The experimental results indicated that in water devoid of zooplankton, both UV radiation and chlorine disinfection significantly decreased the viability of free-living bacteria. In the presence of L. sinensis, however, the attached bacteria could survive and rapidly recover from disinfection. This demonstrated that L. sinensis provided protection from external damage to various aquatic bacteria that were attached to its body. The surviving bacteria remained on L. sinensis after disinfection exposure, which enabled a rapid increase in the bacterial population followed by their subsequent release into the surrounding water. Compared with UV radiation, chlorine disinfection was more effective in terms of inactivating attached bacteria. Both UV radiation and chlorine disinfection had little effect in terms of preventing the spread of undesirable bacteria, due to the incomplete inactivation of the bacteria associated with L. sinensis.

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