Dual effect of meningococcal antigens on a T cell dependent immune response

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1619-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Sparkes
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Dual Effect ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Nonadherent Cells

Meningococcal antigens (MA) showed adjuvant activity when administered to mice at the same time as antigen (sheep erythrocyte (SE)), by increasing the splenocyte plaque-forming response in a dose-related manner. However, when SE were given 1 day after MA administration, the subsequent plaque formation was diminished from normal in proportion to the dose of MA injected. Splenocytes taken from mice up to 5 days after MA injection actively inhibited plaque formation when mixed with splenocytes immunized with SE 4 days earlier. Two days after MA injection the nonspecific inhibition of plaque formation was mainly due to adherent spleen cells, while at 5 days nonadherent cells had acquired the inhibitory activity. It appears that it is the degree of activation of adherent cells resulting from the timing and dosage of MA which modulates the subsequent development and secretion of antibody-forming cells.

The mitogenic activity of lipopolysaccharide for spleen cells from germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Wells ◽  
Edward Balish
Keyword(s):  
Spleen Cell ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Mitogenic Activity ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Blastogenic Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Nonadherent Cells ◽  
Germfree Rats

Spleen cells from germfree rats, conventionally reared rats, and gnotobiotic rats associated with two Pseudomonas species gave no positive blastogenic response when incubated with each of four lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from Escherichia coli, with glycolipid extracted from Salmonella minnesota R595 or with S. minnesota R595 lipid A. However, spleen cell preparations from athymic mice demonstrated a positive blastogenic response when incubated with E. coli LPS. Removal of adherent cells from germfree and conventional-flora rat spleen cells did not increase the mitogenic activity of LPS for nonadherent cells (< 0.5% esterase-positive cells). All rat spleen cell preparations gave positive blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. This study indicates that LPS may not be a mitogenic agent for rat spleen cells.

Soluble factors from rabbit spleen cells kill and lyse Treponema pallidum in vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Fitzgerald ◽  
Barbara J. Elmquist
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Nonadherent Cells ◽  
Immune Rabbit

Antibody and complement immobilize (kill) Treponema pallidum in vitro. Recent evidence also documents immobilization by soluble factors released by activated macrophages and lymphocytes. Immune-mediated lysis of treponemes, however, has not been reported. The findings in this paper focus on apparent treponemal lysis by rabbit splenic cell preparations. Using cells from animals infected testicularly for 9 to 12 days, unfractionated splenic preparations, as well as adherent and nonadherent preparations, killed and lysed T. pallidum. Phagocytosis alone could not explain the detrimental effects of adherent cells. When cytochalasin B was used to block phagocytosis, decreases in treponemal numbers were still detected. In related studies, immune rabbit sera did not enhance treponemicidal activity of the adherent cells. To assess the specificity of these reactions, T. pallidum was incubated with two monocyte-like cell lines (human U937 and mouse P388D1). Neither cell line was detrimental, and treponemal numbers were not lowered. The soluble nature of the treponemicidal factors from adherent and nonadherent preparations was shown by physically separating these cells from the organisms and demonstrating treponemal killing and lysis. In summary, clearance of T. pallidum from infected tissues is probably at least partially attributed to macrophage phagocytosis. Our findings suggest another mechanism involving lytic factors secreted by activated adherent and nonadherent cells. Key words: syphilis, splenic treponemicidal activity, Treponema pallidum.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE BY CELLS EXPRESSING HISTAMINE RECEPTORS

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Shearer ◽  
Kenneth L. Melmon ◽  
Yacob Weinstein ◽  
Michael Sela
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Sheep Erythrocyte ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
A Cell

Spleen cells from immunized and unimmunized mice were either passed over histamine-rabbit serum albumin-Sepharose columns or rabbit serum albumin-Sepharose control columns. The immune response potential of 5 x 106 cells excluded from the two columns were compared with each other, and with an equal number of unfiltered cells by injection of the cell suspensions mixed with sheep erythrocytes into irradiated, syngeneic recipients. The direct and indirect anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell responses generated by the cells passed over the histamine-bead column were significantly greater than the responses resulting from the inocula of unfiltered cells or cells passed over control columns. These results indicate the existence of a cell population expressing surface receptors for histamine, which functions to regulate antibody responses.

scholarly journals POTENTIATION OF THE T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO MITOGENS

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igal Gery ◽  
Byron H. Waksman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes ◽  
Nonadherent Cells

Effective supernatants (SUP), which potentiate mouse T-cell responses to phytohemagglutin (PHA), are obtained from cells of several species (human, rabbit, rat, mouse) and indeed from syngeneic spleen, thymus, or bone marrow cells. Unstimulated cells release some SUP activity but more is produced after stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced very active SUP in all cultures tested. PHA was similarly active on human leukocytes only, whereas concanavalin A (Con A) gave highly efficient SUP only with mouse spleen cells. SUP production is not correlated with a mitotic response of the donor cells and is observed in cultures unable to respond mitotically to the stimulant. Adherent mouse spleen cell populations, consisting largely or entirely of macrophages, produce active SUP, while nonadherent cells do not. Similarly, purification of human peripheral leukocytes on nylon columns, with removal of macrophages and other adherent cells, destroys their ability to produce SUP. The importance of indirect effects in stimulating mitotic responses of T cells is emphasized by the fact that the mitotic response of mouse thymocytes to LPS and its ability to potentiate the response of these cells to PHA disappears with removal of adherent cells from the thymocyte population. Conversely the production of SUP from spleen cells stimulated by Con A requires the presence of T cells.

scholarly journals Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response to TNP-ficoll. II. Hapten-reversible inhibition of anti-TNP plaque-forming cells by immune serum as an assay for auto-anti-idiotypic antibody

1979 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Goidl ◽  
AF Shrater ◽  
GW Siskind ◽  
GJ Thorbecke
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Reversible Inhibition ◽  
Idiotypic Antibody ◽  
Normal Immune Response

Sera taken from AKR/J mice 7 d after the intravenous injection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-lys-Ficoll (TNP-F) caused a specific inhibition of anti- trinitrophenol (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC) in vitro. This inhibition was reversed by the incorporation of 10(-8)-10(-7) M 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl- ε-amino-n-caproic acid (TNP-EACA) into the agar during the PFC assay. The factor responsible for the hapten-reversible PFC inhibition was removed from serum by passage through an anti-immunoglobulin column or through a 2,4,-dinitrophenyl-human-serum-albumin-bromoacetylcellulose plus anti-TNP- antibody column, but not by DNP-HSA-BAC alone. It was concluded that this immunoglobulin-like substance, lacking anti-TNP activity but reacting with anti-TNP antibody of AKR/J origin, was most likely an auto-anti-idiotypie antibody that had been produced during the normal course of the response of AKR/J mice to TNP-F. Pools of anti-idiotypic-antibody-containing antisera inhibited anti-TNP plaque formation to varying degrees when tested on d-4 PFC from different mice of the same inbred strain, suggesting a variability in idiotype expression. 4 d after transfer of immune (7 d after 10 μg TNP-F, administered intravenously) AKR/J spleen cells plus 10 μg TNP-F into syngeneic mice, the number of PFC detectable in the recipients' spleens could be markedly augmented by the inclusion of TNP-EACA in the agar during the PFC assay. Incubation of spleen cells containing such hapten-augmentable PFC with TNP- EACA yielded a factor in the supernate that caused a specific, in vitro, hapten-reversible inhibition of anti-TNP PFC. Studies with immunoadsorbents indicated that this PFC-inhibiting factor was antigenically immunoglobulin- like, lacked anti-TNP-antibody activity, but reacted with anti-TNP antibody of AKR/J origin. The results are consistent with the view that this PFC inhibitor is auto-anti-idiotypic antibody that is involved in the normal regulation of the immune response. It is proposed that hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation can be employed as an assay for anti-idiotypic antibody and the conditions for such an assay are described. It is further proposed that the detection of hapten-augmentable PFC suggests the presence of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody.

Antigen-sensitive spleen cells and the adjuvant activity of Bordetella pertussis

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Finger ◽  
P. Emmerling ◽  
M. Büsse
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes

In this study we determined at both the cellular and humoral level whether or not the primary immune response of mice can be significantly enhanced by administration of a bacterial adjuvant after the primary immunization with sheep erythrocytes. As compared to the immunization of mice with 8 × 106 sheep erythrocytes alone, the simultaneous injection of 3 × 109Bordetella pertussis cells and 8 × 106 sheep erythrocytes resulted in an accelerated and prolonged multiplication of hemolysin-forming spleen cells. The adjuvant effect was also documented by increased production of serum hemolysins. When the bacterial adjuvant was given 6, 12, or 24 h after the primary antigenic stimulus, however, neither increased plaque counts nor enhanced serum hemolysin titers were detectable. These findings agree with the concept that B. pertussis cells cause multiplication of antigen-sensitive target cells or affect the initial stages of differentiation of these cells.

scholarly journals Antitumor and Adjuvant Activity of λ-carrageenan by Stimulating Immune Response in Cancer Immunotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Luo ◽  
Bin Shao ◽  
Wen Nie ◽  
Xia-Wei Wei ◽  
Yu-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Adjuvant Activity

scholarly journals An engraved surface induces weak adherence and high proliferation of nonadherent cells and microorganisms during culture

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Sunil Thomas
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Plastic Dish ◽  
Nonadherent Cells

When cells are cultured in a Petri dish, the adherent cells attach to the bottom of the dish; whereas, the nonadherent cells float in the culture medium. It was observed that nonadherent cells could be induced to adherent-like cells when cultured in an engraved plastic dish (biosimulator). The adherence of these cells to the engraved surface could be prevented with inhibitors specific for adhesion. It was also observed that culturing microorganisms of the environment in a biosimulator induced weak adhesion and high proliferation. Analysis of the microbiome using 16S rRNA profiling demonstrated that the biosimulator was more efficient in inducing proliferation of several phyla of microorganisms compared with culture by conventional techniques.

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