Octopine, nopaline, and octopinic acid utilization in Pseudomonas

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossignol ◽  
P. Dion
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Crown Gall Tumor ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Culture media selective for Agrobacterium were inoculated with dilutions of soil and crown gall tumor suspensions. Colonies on the selective media were replica plated on a medium with octopine or nopaline. More than 500 isolates were recovered, about 10% of which were confirmed as octopine-utilizing, fluorescent pseudomonads. These strains, together with four other strains of Pseudomonas that had been isolated in a previous study, were characterized for species identity, for utilization of various carbon sources, and for capacity to grow with various opines and amino acids as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The capacities for octopine and nopaline utilization were generally dissociated, which is similar to the situation found in Agrobacterium. However, most of the octopine-utilizing strains of Pseudomonas showed markedly different growth kinetics in octopine and octopinic acid, two compounds that, in the Agrobacterium system, have been classified into the same opine family. Generally, poor octopinic acid utilization was not correlated with poor ornithine utilization.

Access to 2-Arylquinazolines via Catabolism/Reconstruction of Amino Acids with Insertion of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tian Ma ◽  
Li-Sheng Wang ◽  
Zhi Chai ◽  
Xin-Feng Chen ◽  
Bo-Cheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
First Time

Quinazoline skeletons are synthesized by amino acids catabolism/reconstruction combined with dimethyl sulfoxide insertion/cyclization for the first time. The amino acid acts as a carbon and nitrogen source through HI-mediated catabolism...

scholarly journals Production of Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation on Different Carbon Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Ou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Feruloyl Esterase ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Bran

A mixture of wheat bran with maize bran as a carbon source and addition of (NH4)SO4 as nitrogen source was found to significantly increase production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) enzyme compared with wheat bran as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimal conditions in conical flasks were carbon source (30 g) to water 1 : 1, maize bran to wheat bran 1 : 2, (NH4)SO4 1.2 g and MgSO4 70 mg. Under these conditions, FAE activity was 7.68 mU/g. The FAE activity on the mixed carbon sources showed, high activity against the plant cell walls contained in the cultures.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for Induction of Microbial Extracellular Proteases in Response to Exterior Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Zhong Zhang ◽  
Wei-Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiu-Lan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Proteins are a main organic nitrogen source for microorganisms. Many heterotrophic microorganisms secrete extracellular proteases (ex-proteases) to efficiently decompose proteins into oligopeptides and amino acids when exterior proteins are required for growth. These ex-proteases not only play important roles in microbial nutrient acquisition or host infection but also contribute greatly to the global recycling of carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, may microbial ex-proteases have important applications in industrial, medical, and biotechnological areas. Therefore, uncovering the mechanisms by which microorganisms initiate the expression of ex-protease genes in response to exterior proteins is of great significance. In this review, the progress made in understanding the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases in response to exterior proteins is summarized, with a focus on the inducer molecules, membrane sensors, and downstream pathways. Problems to be solved for better understanding of the induction mechanisms of microbial ex-proteases are also discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Type Homoserine Dehydrogenase Only with High Oxidation Activity from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Liang ◽  
Huaxiang Deng ◽  
Yajun Bai ◽  
Tai-Ping Fan ◽  
Xiaohui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Homoserine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Arthrobacter Nicotinovorans

AbstractHomoserine dehydrogenase (HSD) is a key enzyme in the synthesis pathway of the aspartate family of amino acids. HSD can catalyze the reversible reaction of L-aspartate-β-semialdehyde (L-ASA) to L-homoserine (L-Hse). In direct contrast, growth characteristic studies of some bacterial such as Arthrobacter nicotinovorans showed that the bacterium could grow well in medium with L-homoserine as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source, but the genes responsible for the degradation of L-Hse remain unknown. Based on the function and sequence analysis of HSD, one putative homoserine dehydrogenase from A.nicotinovorans was named AnHSD, which was different from those HSDs that from the aspartic acid metabolic pathway, might be responsible for the degradation of L-Hse. Surprisingly, the analysis showed that the purified AnHSD exhibited specific L-Hse oxidation activity without reducing activity. At pH 10.0 and 40 °C, The Km and Kcat of AnHSD was 6.30 ± 1.03 mM and 462.71 s-1, respectively. AnHSD was partiality for NAD+ cofactor, as well as insensitive to feedback inhibition of downstream amino acids of aspartic acid family. The physiological role of AnHSD in A.nicotinovorans is discussed. These findings provide a novel insight for a better understanding of an alternative genetic pathway for L-Hse catabolism which was dominated by the novel HSD.ImportanceL-homoserine is an important building block for the synthesis of L-threonine, L-methionine, L-lysine which from aspartic acid family amino acids. However, some bacteria can make use of L-homoserine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. Although the microbial degradation of L-homoserine has been studied several times, the genes involved and the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we show that AnHSD responsible for the catabolism of L-homoserine in strain Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, as a special homoserine dehydrogenase with high diversity exists in Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Rhizobium. We report for the first time that this novel homoserine dehydrogenase is now proposed to play a crucial role in that L-homoserine can use as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. This study is aimed at elucidating the enzymatic properties and function features of homoserine dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. These findings provide new insight into the catabolism of L-homoserine in bacteria.

Nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth and sporulation of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
W. A. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Three of five isolates of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., grew well on an agar medium containing mineral salts, glucose, thiamine, and glutamine or Casamino acids as the nitrogen source. The nitrogen requirement for two of the isolates was satisfied by NH4Cl, Casamino acids, or glutamine. Glutamine was the best single nitrogen source. Only one isolate, CS-1, was used in further nutritional studies. The optimum concentration of glutamine for growth was 5 g/L. Glucose, mannose, mannitol, and cellobiose were excellent carbon sources. A glucose concentration of 20 g/L was optimum. Mannitol supported greater growth than glucose with Casamino acids as the nitrogen source but glucose was the superior carbon source with glutamine as the nitrogen source. Greatest growth was achieved with a combination of these carbon and nitrogen sources. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, isolate CS-1, required thiamine for growth and sporulation. Biotin stimulated growth. The fungus developed maximally within the range of pH 5.0–5.5 and growth was greatly reduced at a pH below 4.0 or above 6.0. Control of acidity by the periodic addition of NaOH solution permitted substantially increased growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 22.5–25.0 °C but production of macroconidia was greatest at 15–20 °C.

scholarly journals The Coupling of Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Variable NH4+/ NO3- Ratios in Brassica Napus Plantlets in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyan Zhang ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Haitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract BackgroundPlantlets grown in vitro with a mixed nitrogen source utilize sucrose and CO2 as carbon sources for growth. However, it is very difficult to obtain the correct proportion of assimilated nitrate, ammonium, sucrose and CO2 for plantlets. Consequently, the NH4+/NO3- use efficiency for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 is still unclear for plantlets. ResultsThe bidirectional stable nitrogen isotope tracer technique was employed to quantify the proportions of nitrate and ammonium utilized at different NH4+/ NO3- ratios, and the proportions of sucrose and CO2 assimilation were quantified by the foliar δ13C values of plantlets. There was an obvious difference in the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium under different NH4+/NO3- ratios for Brassica napus (Bn) plantlets. Increasing the supply of nitrate contributed to enhancing the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium simultaneously. The nitrate utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets had no distinct change with increasing nitrate concentration, while the ammonium utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets increased obviously with increasing nitrate concentration. The proportion of sucrose/CO2 assimilation depended on the NH4+/NO3- ratios of the Bn plantlets. Both nitrate and ammonium assimilation were independent of sucrose/CO2 assimilation. Based on the proportion of CO2, sucrose, nitrate and ammonium utilization, the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency (as indicated by the C/N ratio) for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 can be quantified for Bn plantlets.ConclusionsQuantifying the utilization proportions of nitrate and ammonium can reveal the difference in nitrate and ammonium utilization among plantlets at different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Foliar δ13C value in combination of the foliar δ15N value of plantlets can be used to quantify the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency for the carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2, which contributes to knowing the coupling process of carbon and nitrogen in plantlets and provides an alternate way to optimize the supply of inorganic nitrogen in culture media.

ENERGY AND NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS OF MICROCOCCUS ROSEUS

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Eisenberg ◽  
James B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus ◽  
Do So

A collection of pink-pigmented micrococci has been studied and found to be a relatively homogeneous group that deserve species recognition as Micrococcus roseus. These organisms are salt-tolerant obligate aerobes that usually reduce nitrates and do not hydrolyze gelatin. They can utilize xylose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, malate, succinate, and gluconate as carbon and energy sources. Most strains also can utilize arabinose, lactose, maltose, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and propionate. A synthetic basal medium has been devised that will give excellent growth of these organisms with glutamic acid as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. Two vitamins, biotin and thiamine, are required by all strains, and are the only vitamins in the synthetic medium that was used to study interrelationships between nitrogen and carbon sources. Ammonia can serve as the sole source of nitrogen when glucose, or certain other substrates, is the sole source of carbon and energy. Not all substrates that can supply energy in a complex medium can do so in the synthetic medium with ammonia as the sole source of nitrogen. Some amino acids in addition to glutamate have a limited ability to serve as a source of both carbon and nitrogen. The ability of individual amino acids to serve as a sole source of nitrogen depends upon the nature of the substrate that is present as a carbon and energy source.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of inulinase from strain Bacillus sp. SG113

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Simeon Gavrailov ◽  
Viara Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The effects of the carbon and nitrogen substrates on the growth of Bacillus sp. SG113 strain were studied. The use of organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, casein) leads to rapid cellular growth and the best results for the Bacillus strain were obtained with casein hydrolysate. From the inorganic nitrogen sources studied, the (NH4) 2SO4 proved to be the best nitrogen source. Casein hydrolysate and (NH4) 2SO4 stimulated the invertase synthesis. In the presence of Jerusalem artichoke, onion and garlic extracts as carbon sources the strain synthesized from 6 to 10 times more inulinase.

Effects of culture conditions on yield of Shiga-like toxin-IIv from Escherichia coli

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. MacLeod ◽  
C. L. Gyles
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Edema Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aerobic Culture

The effects of selected culture conditions on production of Shiga-like toxin-II variant by an edema disease strain of Escherichia coli (412) and E. coli TB1 (pCG6) containing the cloned genes for Shiga-like toxin-II variant were examined. Incubation time, culture media, incubation temperature, starting pH of the culture medium, aeration, static culture, anaerobiosis, carbon sources, amino acids, antibiotics, and mitomycin C were investigated. The study showed that Shiga-like toxin-II variant was primarily cell associated and that strain TB1 (pCG6) produced as much as 100 times more toxin than did strain 412. Culture conditions that resulted in the greatest yield of Shiga-like toxin-II variant were incubation at 37 °C for 24 h with shaking in syncase broth initially adjusted to pH 8.5. Aerobic culture with shaking resulted in higher yields of Shiga-like toxin-II variant than did static aerobic or anaerobic culture. Addition of various carbon sources or amino acids, or tetracycline, lincomycin, or trimethoprim: sulfadoxine did not increase yields of toxin. The amount of Shiga-like toxin-II variant in supernatant preparations from strain TB1 (pCG6) was significantly increased by addition of mitomycin C to the culture medium.Key words: Shiga-like toxin-II variant, verotoxin, Escherichia coli, edema disease, culture conditions.

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