scholarly journals The Coupling of Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Variable NH4+/ NO3- Ratios in Brassica Napus Plantlets in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyan Zhang ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Haitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract BackgroundPlantlets grown in vitro with a mixed nitrogen source utilize sucrose and CO2 as carbon sources for growth. However, it is very difficult to obtain the correct proportion of assimilated nitrate, ammonium, sucrose and CO2 for plantlets. Consequently, the NH4+/NO3- use efficiency for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 is still unclear for plantlets. ResultsThe bidirectional stable nitrogen isotope tracer technique was employed to quantify the proportions of nitrate and ammonium utilized at different NH4+/ NO3- ratios, and the proportions of sucrose and CO2 assimilation were quantified by the foliar δ13C values of plantlets. There was an obvious difference in the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium under different NH4+/NO3- ratios for Brassica napus (Bn) plantlets. Increasing the supply of nitrate contributed to enhancing the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium simultaneously. The nitrate utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets had no distinct change with increasing nitrate concentration, while the ammonium utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets increased obviously with increasing nitrate concentration. The proportion of sucrose/CO2 assimilation depended on the NH4+/NO3- ratios of the Bn plantlets. Both nitrate and ammonium assimilation were independent of sucrose/CO2 assimilation. Based on the proportion of CO2, sucrose, nitrate and ammonium utilization, the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency (as indicated by the C/N ratio) for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 can be quantified for Bn plantlets.ConclusionsQuantifying the utilization proportions of nitrate and ammonium can reveal the difference in nitrate and ammonium utilization among plantlets at different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Foliar δ13C value in combination of the foliar δ15N value of plantlets can be used to quantify the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency for the carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2, which contributes to knowing the coupling process of carbon and nitrogen in plantlets and provides an alternate way to optimize the supply of inorganic nitrogen in culture media.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Carbon Sources on the in vitro Growth and Viability of Escherichia coli (SUBE01) and Salmonella spp. (SUBS01) Cells

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ifra Tun Nur ◽  
Jannatun Tahera ◽  
Md Sakil Munna ◽  
M Majibur Rahman ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Salmonella Spp

With a previous observation of Escherichia coli growth cessation along with temperature variation within three different bacteriological culture media (nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani agar and minimal agar), current investigation further depicted on the possible growth dynamics of Escherichia coli (SUBE01) and Salmonella (SUBS01) growth and viability upon supplementation of different carbon sources (dextrose, sucrose, lactose, glycerol and tween 20) at 37°C under the aeration of 100 rpm. Viability of the tested bacterial species was assessed through the enumeration of the colony forming unit (cfu) appeared upon prescribed incubation for 12-24 hours on different agar plates consisting of the above mentioned carbon sources. Besides, to inspect the cellular phenotypic changes, morphological observations were conducted under the light microscope. Variations in bacterial growth (either growth acceleration or cessation) were further noticed through the spot tests on the agar plates. Considerable shortfalls in the culturable cells of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were noted in the minimal media separately consisting of sucrose, lactose, glycerol or tween 20 while an opposite impact of accelerated growth was noticed in the media supplied with dextrose. The data revealed a hierarchy of consequence of carbon sources as nutrient generators whereby the favourable bacterial growth and survival order of the carbon sources was estimated as dextrose > glycerol > lactose > tween 20 > sucrose.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 39-44

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CLADOSPORIUM FULVUM CKE. AND RESISTANCE IN TOMATO

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1365-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth L. Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
Host Parasite

Some host–parasite interactions of the C. fulvum – tomato leaf complex have been correlated with degrees of utilization in vitro by races of the pathogen of metabolites which have been shown to occur in different amounts in some tomato hosts which react differentially to them. Similarities and differences in the behavior of three pathogenic races were noted when the plants were grown in a number of amino nitrogen and sugar carbon sources. Similarities are interpreted as representing species characteristics; on the other hand, differences, including colony colors in glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid, appear to be racial characteristics. Further evidence suggesting that certain host metabolites modify or condition the pathogenic expression was obtained from studies of the effect on pathogenicity of culture media differing in amino nitrogen content. From a comparison of the metabolites of host–pathogen complexes of differing reaction types, some insight was gained into probable nutritional requirements for a race 1 susceptible response. Conversely, where these differed in other reaction-type complexes, clues were obtained regarding possible reasons for resistance to this race.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis coordinates carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Lingyu Hu ◽  
Hong Yue ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Jingyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The high accumulation of phloridzin makes apple (Malus domestica) unique in the plant kingdom, which suggests a vital role of its biosynthesis in the physiological processes of apple. In our previous study, silencing MdUGT88F1 (a key UDP-glucose: phloretin 2'-O-glucosyltransferase gene) revealed the importance of phloridzin biosynthesis in apple development and Valsa canker resistance. Here, results from MdUGT88F1-silencing lines showed that phloridzin biosynthesis was indispensable for normal chloroplast development and photosynthetic carbon fixation by maintaining MdGLK1/2 expression. Interestingly, the increased phloridzin biosynthesis didn’t affect plant (or chloroplast) development but reduced nitrogen accumulation, leading to chlorophyll deficiency, light sensitivity, and sugar accumulation in MdUGT88F1-overexpressing apple lines during their growth and development. Further analysis revealed that MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis negatively regulated cytosolic glutamine synthetase1-asparagine synthetase-asparaginase (GS1-AS-ASPG) pathway of ammonium assimilation and limited chlorophyll synthesis in the shoots of apple. The interference of phloridzin biosynthesis in the GS1-AS-ASPG pathway was also assumed to be associated with its limitation of the carbon skeletons of ammonium assimilation through metabolic competition with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Taken together, our findings shed light on the role of MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis in the coordination between carbon and nitrogen accumulation in apple trees.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of inulinase from strain Bacillus sp. SG113

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Simeon Gavrailov ◽  
Viara Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The effects of the carbon and nitrogen substrates on the growth of Bacillus sp. SG113 strain were studied. The use of organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, casein) leads to rapid cellular growth and the best results for the Bacillus strain were obtained with casein hydrolysate. From the inorganic nitrogen sources studied, the (NH4) 2SO4 proved to be the best nitrogen source. Casein hydrolysate and (NH4) 2SO4 stimulated the invertase synthesis. In the presence of Jerusalem artichoke, onion and garlic extracts as carbon sources the strain synthesized from 6 to 10 times more inulinase.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Stability in Olive Callus-induced and Meristem-induced Shoots using Flow Cytometry and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mirzaei ◽  
Abbas Yadollahi ◽  
Maryam Jafarkhani Kermani ◽  
Masoud Naderpour ◽  
Ali Asghar Zeinanloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis

Abstract BackgroundIn vitro culture of olive, as an economically valuable tree, has fundamentally genotype-dependant low micropropagation rate which need to be improved in already established cultivars, while needing to be struggled in firstly considered cultivars. Various plant tissue culture media, planting systems and growth factors were evaluated in two promissing Iranian olive cultivars ˈAminˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ plus a commercial Spanish cultivar ˈArbequinaˈ. ResultsThe results showed that in ˈAminˈ cultivar MS enriched with zeatin (4 mg/L), in ˈArbequinaˈ cultivar OM enriched with zeatin (1 mg/L) and in ˈMeshkatˈ cultivar OM and MS enriched with zeatin (2 mg/L) produced reasonably healthier in vitro plantlets. The results indicated that using Periodical Mini Bioreactor (PMB) system in the presence of VS medium in ˈAminˈ cultivar resulted in growth indicies amelioration compared to semi-solid media. Regarding carbon sources and light intensities, mannitol and 2000 cd·sr·m-² greatly enhancedˈArbequinaˈ growth indices. The genetic stability of callus induced shoots (CIS) was compared with meristem induced shoots (MIS) using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) marker and flow cytometery (FCM). The results revealed that 2C DNA value assessed by partec FCM was mostly depended on the cultivars rather than the origin of generation -callus or meristem-. The AFLP results also showed that the cultivars were classified regardless of the micropropagation origin (CIS or MIS), except for ˈArbequinaˈ. However, ˈArbequinaˈ CIS and MIS still had 62- 80% of genetic similarity with three other categories and the highest resemblance (97%) was seen with MIS of ˈAminˈ cultivar. ConclusionsBriefly,olive in vitro propagation optimization co-produced large volume and percent of calli resulting in more undesired indirect organogenesis. True to typeness of CIS was assessed showing that no changes in DNA amount occurred. Nonetheless, in phylogenetic analysis cultivars were clustered separately even some discrepancies were seen in ˈArbequinaˈ MIS and CIS, however, ˈAminˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ cultivars were more stable in clustering.

scholarly journals TOMATO FRUIT SIZE AS AFFECTED BY ROOT MASS IN TISSUE CULTURE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079c-1079
Author(s):  
Sitheswary Logendra ◽  
Mei-Mann Hsueh ◽  
Harry W. Janes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid

The effect of root mass on tomato fruit size in tissue culture was studied. The root mass of the ovaries was changed either by growing in culture media containing different concentrations of NAA (α– napthaleneacetic acid) or by culturing the ovaries with and without sepals. The root mass increased with a decrease in NAA concentration from 10.0 to 2.5 μM and the ovaries with sepals developed more roots. The tomato fruit size was affected by the root mass. The greater the root mass, the larger was the fruit size. However, the larger fruit size from ovaries cultured with sepals could be attributed either to the presence of more roots (greater absorption of sucrose) or to the sepal (additional carbon fixation by photosynthesis), or to both the sepals and more roots. Moreover, it is possible that the presence of sepals induce root development. These results indicate that the presence of sepals and total root mass are two important factors that influence the fruit size in vitro.

Differences in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between male and female Populus cathayana in response to deficient nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Wu ◽  
Jiantong Liu ◽  
Qiqi Meng ◽  
Shiyan Fang ◽  
Jieyu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Sexual dimorphism occurs regarding carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes in response to nitrogen supply. Differences in fixation and remobilization of carbon and allocation and assimilation of nitrogen between sexes may differ under severe defoliation. The dioecious species Populus cathayana was studied after two defoliation treatments with two N levels. Males had a higher capacity of carbon fixation because of higher gas exchange and fluorescence traits of leaves after severe long-term defoliation under deficient N. Males had higher leaf abscisic acid, stomatal conductance and leaf sucrose phosphate synthase activity increasing transport of sucrose to sinks. Males had a higher carbon sink than females, because under N-deficient conditions, males accumulated >131.10% and 90.65% root starch than males in the control, whereas females accumulated >40.55% and 52.81%, respectively, than females in the control group. Males allocated less non-protein N (NNon-p) to leaves, having higher nitrogen use efficiency (photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency), higher glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and higher leaf GDH expression, even after long-term severe defoliation under deficient N. Females had higher leaf jasmonic acid concentration and NNon-p. The present study suggested that females allocated more carbon and nitrogen to defense chemicals than males after long-term severe defoliation under deficient N.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth of in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal isolates from Pinus heldreichii forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lazarević ◽  
Dragana Stojičić ◽  
Nenad Keča
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Aim of study: This study aims to provide basic information about physiological characteristics of isolates of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray, Russula sanguinaria (Schumach.) Rauschert, Suillus collinitus (Fr) Kuntze, Suillus granulatus (L.) Rousell, Tricholoma batchii Gulden and Tricholoma imbricatum (Fr.) Kumm.Area of study: The isolates are obtained from Pinus heldreichii H. Christ forest in the south-eastern part of Montenegro.Material and methods: The isolates were molecularly characterised by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The effects of different temperatures (20, 22, 25°C), pHs (4, 4.5, 5.2, 5.8, 6.5, 7.5), and carbon (glucose, sucrose, dextrin, arabinose, xylose and starch) and nitrogen (NH4+, NO3- and protein) sources on their growth were examined under laboratory conditions.Main results: The studied factors established significant differences in the development of isolates. Isolates of R. sanguinaria, L. deliciosus and both Suillus, were characterised by faster growth at 22°C, while Tricholoma isolates grew faster at 25°C. S. granulatus, S. collinitus and T. imbticatum isolates grew well at lower pH values (4 - 5.2), while L. deliciosus, R. sanguinaria and T. bachii exhibited faster growth at pHs between 5.8 and 6.5. The examined isolates were able to utilize various carbohydrates as carbon sources. The biggest mycelial growth was characterised for sucrose, then glucose, dextrin, arabinose, starch and xylose. They grew on all examined nitrogen sources, while the biggest mycelia growth was achieved on ammonium, followed by nitrate and protein. Those characteristics varied amongst the species.Research highlights: Information about physiological characteristics of Tricholoma, Lactarius, Russula, as well as Suillus, are sparse. Hence, the data obtained in this study could contribute to the understanding of their function in ecosystems. 

scholarly journals Optimum vegetative growth conditions and genetic diversity in different strains of Pleurotus salmoneastramineus L.J.N. Vassilzeva

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Nuhu Alam ◽  
Farhana Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

This experiment was undertaken to depict the favourable condition for mycelial growth, molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship of the selected strains of Pleurotus salmoneostramineus. Suitable temperature and pH were obtained at 25ºC and 6, respectively. Mushroom complete, glucose peptone and yeast malt extract culture media were favorable, while Hennerberg and Hoppkins were unfavorable. Dextrin was the best and xylose was the less effective carbon sources. Inorganic nitrogen sources were less effective for the mycelial growth of P. salmoneostramineus. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of selected strains revealed that the total length ranged from 614 to 663 bp. The size of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions varied among the strains. Sequence analysis showed that 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. Phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that strains of P. salmoneostramineus belong to same cluster. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 98 to 100%. The strains of P. salmoneostramineus were also analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 20 arbitrary primers. RAPD results suggested that tested strains of P. salmoneostramineus were genetically similar with some variations, thus it could be concluded that RAPD and ITS techniques were well competent for detecting the genetic diversity of all tested strains of P. salmoneostramineus.

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