Lipid profiles of Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, UFA2

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanon Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santu Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Kalyani Sen ◽  
Parul Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Auxotroph

A comparative study of the mycelial lipid composition of a wild strain (V35) and one unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) of Aspergillus niger has been performed. The lipid composition of both strains are qualitatively the same but quantitatively different. All the strains contain the following phospholipids: cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylserine; and triglycerides, diglycerides, mono-glycerides, ergosterol, and sterol esters as the neutral lipids; mono- and di-galactosyl diglyceride as the major glycolipids along with small amounts of the corresponding mannose analogs. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine constitute the bulk of the phospholipids. The mutant (UFA2) contains a higher level of glycerides and lower levels of sterol (both free and esterified form), phospholipids, and glycolipids than the wild type. Aspergillus niger contains C16 to C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Small amounts of long-chain (C20 to C24) and short-chain (C10 to C14) saturated and unsaturated acids are also present. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic are the major acids, stearic and linolenic acids being minor ones. UFA2 grows only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid (C16 or C18) and accumulates a higher concentration of supplemented acid which influences its fatty acid profile.

Lipid profiles of conidia of Aspergillus niger and a fatty acid auxotroph

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1116-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanon Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santu Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Kalyani Sen ◽  
Parul Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type V ◽  
Fatty Acid Auxotroph

Conidial lipids of the wild-type (V35) Aspergillus niger and its unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph (UFA2) were compared. The wild type contained lower levels (7.6%) of phospholipids and higher levels (28.4%) of glycolipids than the mutant (16.5 and 22.2%, respectively). Oleic (33.4%), linoleic (22.5%), palmitic (12.8%), stearic (7.4%), and linolenic (6.2%) were the main fatty acids of the wild type (V35). The mutant grew only in the presence of unsaturated fatty acid having at least one Δ9cis double bond, and its conidial fatty acid profile was influenced by the exogenous acid. Analyses of the fatty acids of UFA2 grown in the presence of different fatty acid supplements support the original view that the mutant is defective in Δ9-desaturase activity.

An unsaturated fatty acid mutant of Aspergillus niger with partially defective Δ9-desaturase

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panchanon Chattopadhyay ◽  
Santu Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Kalyani Sen ◽  
Parul Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Desaturase System

The wild-type Aspergillus niger (V35) does not require fatty acids for growth. Four unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs designated as UFA1, UFA2, UFA3, and UFA4 have been produced from this organism by treating the conidia of the wild-type strain with a mutagen, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, followed by isolation on media containing monounsaturated fatty acids and the nonionic detergent, Brij 58. Optimal growth of the mutants comparable with that of the wild type was achieved with medium supplemented with C16 or C18 unsaturated fatty acids containing at least one cis double bond at the Δ9 position. Some other fatty acids (18:1 Δ11cis and 16:1 Δ9trans) support growth to some extent. The mutants do not grow at all in the presence of saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid analyses of the mutant, UFA2, grown in the presence of different fatty acid supplements reveal that it may be defective in a desaturase system. Experiments with unlabeled and [1-14C]palmitoyl-CoA have shown that the microsomes of the mutant (UFA2) contain a partially defective Δ9-desaturase system.

scholarly journals Lipid Composition of Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 Strain Grown on Glycerol as a Carbon Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Stela Križanović ◽  
Damir Stanzer ◽  
Gordana Čanadi Jurešić ◽  
Elizabeta Kralj ◽  
Karla Hanousek-Čiča ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis

Research background. In this study the content and composition of lipids in ergosterol-reduced Sheffersomyces stipitis M12 strain grown on glycerol as a carbon source is determined. Blocking the ergosterol synthesis route in yeast cells is a recently proposed method for increasing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production. Experimental approach. The batch cultivation of M12 yeast was carried out under aerobic conditions in a laboratory bioreactor with glycerol as carbon source, and with pulsed addition of methionine. Glycerol and SAM content were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography, while fatty acid composition of different lipid classes, separated by solid phase extraction, was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion. Despite the reduced amount of ergosterol in yeast cells, thanks to the reorganized lipid metabolism, M12 strain achieved high biomass yield and SAM production. Neutral lipids prevailed (making more than 75 % of total lipids), but their content and composition differed significantly in the two tested types of yeast. Unsaturated and C18 fatty acids prevailed in both the M12 strain and wild type. In all fractions except free fatty acids, the index of unsaturation in M12 strain was lower than in the wild strain. Our tested strain adjusts itself by changing the content of lipids (mainly phospholipids, sterols and sterol esters), and with desaturation adjustments, to maintain proper functioning and fulfil increased energy needs.Novelty and scientific contribution. Reorganization of S. stipitis lipid composition caused by blocking the metabolic pathway of ergosterol synthesis was presented. A simple scheme of actual lipid metabolism during active SAM production in S. stipitis, grown on glycerol was constructed and shown. This fundamental knowledge of lipid metabolic pathways will be a helpful tool in improving S. stipitis as an expression host and a model organism, opening new perspectives for its applied research.

scholarly journals Exogenous Fatty Acids Remodel Staphylococcus aureus Lipid Composition through Fatty Acid Kinase

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary DeMars ◽  
Vineet K. Singh ◽  
Jeffrey L. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus can utilize exogenous fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis. The fatty acid kinase FakA is essential for this utilization by phosphorylating exogenous fatty acids for incorporation into lipids. How FakA impacts the lipid membrane composition is unknown. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to determine the membrane lipid composition and properties of S. aureus in the absence of fakA. We found the fakA mutant to have increased abundance of lipids containing longer acyl chains. Since S. aureus does not synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, we utilized oleic acid (18:1) to track exogenous fatty acid incorporation into lipids. We observed a concentration-dependent incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into the membrane that required FakA. We also tested how FakA and exogenous fatty acids impact membrane-related physiology and identified changes in membrane potential, cellular respiration, and membrane fluidity. To mimic the host environment, we characterized the lipid composition of wild-type and fakA mutant bacteria grown in mouse skin homogenate. We show that wild-type S. aureus can incorporate exogenous unsaturated fatty acids from host tissue, highlighting the importance of FakA in the presence of host skin tissue. In conclusion, FakA is important for maintaining the composition and properties of the phospholipid membrane in the presence of exogenous fatty acids, impacting overall cell physiology. IMPORTANCE Environmental fatty acids can be harvested to supplement endogenous fatty acid synthesis to produce membranes and circumvent fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. However, how the inability to use these fatty acids impacts lipids is unclear. Our results reveal lipid composition changes in response to fatty acid addition and when S. aureus is unable to activate fatty acids through FakA. We identify concentration-dependent utilization of oleic acid that, when combined with previous work, provides evidence that fatty acids can serve as a signal to S. aureus. Furthermore, using mouse skin homogenates as a surrogate for in vivo conditions, we showed that S. aureus can incorporate host fatty acids. This study highlights how exogenous fatty acids impact bacterial membrane composition and function.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM COASTAL AREA OF HAI PHONG FOR USING IN PRODUCTION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID (OMEGA 6, 7, 9)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Thi Hoang ◽  
Quynh Thi Thu Tran ◽  
Ha Hoang Chu ◽  
Tuyen Thi Do ◽  
Thanh Tat Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Rhodovulum Sulfidophilum ◽  
Purple Nonsulfur Bacterium ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Omega 6

Purple nonsulfur bacteria are a group that has so much biotechnological applications, particularly in producing of functional food rich with unsaturated fatty acids. A purple nonsulfur bacterium (named HPB.6) was chosen based on its strong growth, high lipid and synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid (omega 6,7,9). Studying on basic biological characteristics showed that the cells of HPB.6 were observed as ovoid-rod shape, none motility, Gram negative staining. The diameter of single bacterium was about 0.8-1.0 µm. The cells divide by binary fission and had bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a). This bacterium grew well on medium with carbon and nitrogen sources such as acetate, succinate, pyruvate, butyrate, glutamate, arginine, leucine, tyrosine, alanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, yeast extract and NH4Cl. This selected strain grew well on medium with salt concentrations from 1.5 - 6.0% (optimum 3%), pH from 5.0 to 8.0 (optimum at pH 6.5) and could withstand Na2S at 4.0 - 5.2 mM. Based on morphological, physiological properties and 16S rRNA analysis received demonstrated that HPB.6 strain belongs to the species Rhodovulum sulfidophilum.

Enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus under controlled fatty acid nutrition induced by cerulenin

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement

Cells of Staphylococcus aureus, strain S-6, can grow in the presence of 100 μg of cerulenin/ml if the basal medium is supplemented with certain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. The production of enterotoxin B (SEB) is markedly influenced by both the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid and by the melting point of the unsaturated fatty acid supplement. The results presented suggest that a certain degree of membrane fluidity promotes maximum SEB production and that greater or lesser degrees of membrane fluidity prohibit substantial SEB formation but fail to affect final growth density.

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