Octopine and octopinic acid utilization in a nonfluorescent Pseudomonas sp.: enhancement by spontaneous mutation and lack of effect from curing of a plasmid

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolphe Boivin ◽  
Hélène Lebeuf ◽  
Patrice Dion
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mutant Derivative ◽  
Alternative Carbon Source ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Derivative Strain

An octopine-utilizing bacterium isolated from soil, named strain 92, was identified to the genus level as a nonfluorescent Pseudomonas. Utilization of octopine by strain 92 depended upon the presence of an alternative carbon source, while octopinic acid was not utilized. A mutant derivative, strain RB100, acquired simultaneously the capacity to utilize octopine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source and octopinic acid as the nitrogen source. The mutation rate was estimated to be about 10−8 per cell per generation. Both the wild type and mutant carried the 68.5-kilobase cryptic plasmid pDLB 1. When the plasmid present in strain RB100 was labelled with Tn5 and transferred to strain 92, the phenotype of the recipient was not modified with respect to octopine utilization, suggesting that this phenotype was not determined by pDLB1. This suggestion was confirmed by using unstable derivatives of pDLB1 to cure strain RB100 and showing that the cured strain was not affected in its capacity to utilize opines.

scholarly journals Mutants affecting histidine utilization inAspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Polkinghorne ◽  
M. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYWild-type strains ofAspergillus nidulansgrow poorly onL-histidine as a sole nitrogen source. The synthesis of the enzyme histidase (EC. 4.3.1.3) appears to be a limiting factor in the growth of the wild type, as strains carrying the mutantareA102 allele have elevated histidase levels and grow strongly on histidine as a sole nitrogen source.L-Histidine is an extremely weak sole carbon source for all strains.Ammonium repression has an important role in the regulation of histidase synthesis and the relief of ammonium repression is dependent on the availability of a good carbon source. The level of histidase synthesis does not respond to the addition of exogenous substrate.Mutants carrying lesions in thesarA orsarB loci (suppressor ofareA102) have been isolated. The growth properties of these mutants on histidine as a sole nitrogen source correlate with the levels of histidase synthesized. Mutation at thesarA andsarB loci also reduces the utilization of a number of other nitrogen sources. The data suggest that these two genes may code for regulatory products involved in nitrogen catabolism. No histidase structural gene mutants were identified and possible explanations of this are discussed.

scholarly journals Production of Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation on Different Carbon Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Ou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Feruloyl Esterase ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Bran

A mixture of wheat bran with maize bran as a carbon source and addition of (NH4)SO4 as nitrogen source was found to significantly increase production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) enzyme compared with wheat bran as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimal conditions in conical flasks were carbon source (30 g) to water 1 : 1, maize bran to wheat bran 1 : 2, (NH4)SO4 1.2 g and MgSO4 70 mg. Under these conditions, FAE activity was 7.68 mU/g. The FAE activity on the mixed carbon sources showed, high activity against the plant cell walls contained in the cultures.

scholarly journals The use of salicylaldehyde derivatives as a nitrogen source for antibiotic production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Sandra Konstantinovic ◽  
Milica Zlatkovic ◽  
Jovan Ciric ◽  
Slavica Ilic ◽  
Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Salicylaldehyde Derivatives ◽  
The Media ◽  
Derivatives Of

In the present work, four derivatives of salicylaldehyde (salicylaldehyde-hydrazone, phenylhydrazone, semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone) were synthesized using both conventional (95% ethanol) and green (crude glycerol from biodiesel production) solvents. The obtained compounds were identified by elemental microanalysis, as well as FTIR, UV/Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods. Yields of 93?98% of the compounds in crude glycerol were achieved within 10?25 min. The derivatives of salicylaldehyde and crude glycerol were used as a nitrogen and carbon source, respectively, in the medium for antibiotic (hexaene H-85 and azalomycine B) production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus CH-7. The highest concentrations of hexaene H-85 and azalomycine B were achieved in the medium containing salicylaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone (198 and 69 ?g/cm3, respectively). Derivatives of salicylaldehyde also impacted the strain morphology. In the media with salicylaldehyde- phenylhydrazone and salicylaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone, S. hygroscopicus CH-7 grew like large dispersive pellets with long twisted filaments that produced the highest yield of the antibiotics.

Response surface optimization for efficient dye removal by isolated strain Pseudomonas sp.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Senthilkumar ◽  
Muthiah Perumalsamy ◽  
Harinarayan Prabhuy ◽  
Chiya AhmedBasha ◽  
Narayan Anantharaman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Predicted Values

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) involving the central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize three important process variables for the decolourization of synthetic dye solutions containing Remazol Turquoise Blue (RTB) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) with isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. The interaction between three variables i.e. Initial concentration of dye, carbon source and nitrogen source were studied and modeled. According to the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results the predicted results were found to be in good agreement with experimental results (R 2: 0.9726; Adj R 2: 0.9480 for RTB and R 2: 0.9789; Adj R 2: 0.9750 for RB5) which indicated excellent evaluation of experimental data from the second order polynomial regression model. Mathematical models were developed by the proposed system, for each process variable showed the effect of each factor and their interactions on biodecolourization process. The optimum concentrations of Dye, Carbon source, and Nitrogen source were found to be 20 mgL−1, 1.5 g/L and 1.5 g/L, respectively for RTB and RB5 to obtain maximum dye removing capacity. Predicted values were validated with experimental results, which indicated appropriateness of the employed model and the success of RSM.

scholarly journals Induction of Nad-Specific Glutamate Dehydrogenase In Neurospora Crassa by Addition of Glutamate to The Media

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
WN Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Type Strains

There are two glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH) produced by wild-type strains of N. cra88a, one of which is specific for the coenzyme NADP and the other for the coenzyme NAD. The latter enzyme (NAD-GDH) is induced if glutamate is used as the sole carbon and nitrogen source and is induced to a lesser extent if inorganic nitrogen is added. Addition of sucrose to the medium prevents uptake of glutamate and there is no induction of the enzyme.

scholarly journals Carbaryl as a Carbon and Nitrogen Source: an Inducible Methylamine Metabolic Pathway at the Biochemical and Molecular Levels inPseudomonassp. Strain C5pp

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamini ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
Narayan S. Punekar ◽  
Prashant S. Phale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
Soil Isolate ◽  
Water Ecosystems

ABSTRACTCarbaryl is the most widely used carbamate family pesticide, and its persistent nature causes it to pollute both soil and water ecosystems. Microbes maintain the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles by metabolizing various compounds present in the matter, including xenobiotics, as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Soil isolatePseudomonassp. strain C5pp metabolizes carbaryl efficiently as the carbon source. Periplasmic carbaryl hydrolase catalyzes the conversion of carbaryl to 1-naphthol and methylamine. 1-Naphthol was further used as a carbon source via gentisate, whereas the metabolic fate of methylamine is not known. Here, we demonstrate that strain C5pp showed efficient growth on carbaryl when supplied as a carbon and nitrogen source, suggesting that the methylamine generated was used as the nitrogen source. Genes involved in the methylamine metabolism were annotated and characterized at the biochemical and molecular level. Transcriptional and enzyme activity studies corroborate that the γ-glutamylmethylamide/N-methylglutamate (GMA/NMG) pathway is involved in the metabolism of carbaryl and methylamine as a nitrogen source. Compared to carbaryl, methylamine was found to be an effective inducer for the metabolic and transporter genes. Strain C5pp also harbored genes involved in sarcosine metabolism that were cotranscribed and induced by sarcosine. The presence of inducible pathways for metabolism of carbaryl as a nitrogen and carbon source helps in complete and efficient mineralization of carbaryl by strain C5pp, thereby maintaining the biogeochemical cycles.IMPORTANCEThe degradation of xenobiotics plays a significant role in the environment to maintain ecological systems as well as to prevent the imbalance of biogeochemical cycles via carbon-nitrogen cycling. Carbaryl is the most widely used pesticide from the carbamate family.Pseudomonassp. strain C5pp, capable of utilizing carbaryl as a carbon and nitrogen source for its growth, subsequently helps in complete remediation of carbaryl. Thus, it maintains the ecosystem by balancing the biogeochemical cycles. The metabolic versatility and genetic diversity of strain C5pp for the transformation of contaminants like carbaryl and 1-naphthol into less harmful products make it a suitable candidate from the perspective of bioremediation.

Nutritional requirements for growth of Cryptoporus volvatus

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2532-2534
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Pettey
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Partial Deficiency

Carbon and nitrogen sources were examined in a defined agar medium to determine the nutritional requirements of Cryptoporus volvatus, a Hymenomycete. Good growth was obtained with D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-xylose, or dextrin as the carbon source. Good growth was obtained with ammonium sulfate, casein, peptone, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, serine, or tyrosine as the nitrogen source. In a defined agar medium, C. volvatus exhibited a deficiency for thiamine, and a partial deficiency for biotin, inositol, and pyridoxine.

scholarly journals Cellular Composition Changes and Nitrogen Uptake under Extra-Limited Nitrogen Conditions byThermosynechococcussp. CL-1 Carbon Biofixation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tseng Chi-Ming ◽  
Ko Tzu-Hsing ◽  
Hsueh Hsin-Ta ◽  
Chen Hsing-Hui ◽  
Ray Dah-Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions ◽  
High Range

Two types of culture systems were used (continuous and batch) which were fed using a simulated absorbent from a scrubber with carbonate/bicarbonate as the carbon source and nitrate as the nitrogen source by a thermophile strain,Thermosynechococcussp. CL-1 (TCL-1) at 50°C. The lipid, carbohydrate, and protein cellular components which can be used as bioenergy precursors along with their content as a function of various C/N ratios are quantified. Maximum lipid productivity of about 150 mg L−1 d−1is obtained while the CO2uptake rate is 917 mg L−1 d−1at a dilution rate of 0.06 h−1when both carbon and nitrogen sources are not limited. With high range of nitrogen concentrations batch culture test, TCL-1 reveals extra-high affinity on nitrogen source under limited carbon source conditions since the affinity constant is 0.12 mM. In addition, the flow of carbon fixed during photosynthesis seems to switch from the protein synthesis pathway to forming carbohydrate rather than lipid under N-limitation and a high C/N ratio for TCL-1, resulting in a maximal carbohydrate content of 61%. Consequently, TCL-1 is an appropriate candidate to treat the wastewater of environment and produce the bioenergy precursors under extreme limited nitrogen conditions.

scholarly journals RpoS Expression and the General Stress Response in Azotobacter vinelandii during Carbon and Nitrogen Diauxic Shifts

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Sandercock ◽  
William J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
General Stress

ABSTRACT The general stress response mediated by the sigma factor RpoS is important for survival of bacteria in adverse environments. A mutant unable to produce RpoS was constructed using the diazotrophic bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii strain UW. Under nondesiccating, solid-medium growth conditions the wild type was culturable for 16.5 years, while the rpoS mutant remained viable for only 10 months. The rpoS mutant exhibited reduced survival compared to the wild type following hydrogen peroxide stress, and stationary phase cells were killed rapidly by 15 mM H2O2. Three catalases (Kat1, Kat2, and Kat3) were expressed in the wild type under the conditions used. Kat2 was expressed in exponential phase during shake flask growth and could be induced under highly aerated conditions in all growth phases, suggesting that there was induction by reactive oxygen intermediates. Kat3 was possibly an isoform of Kat2. In contrast, Kat1 was expressed in an RpoS-dependent manner during the mid-exponential to late stationary phases. RpoS expression did not occur exclusively in stationary phase but was influenced by changes in carbon and nitrogen source availability. There was 26- to 28-fold induction of the RpoS protein during acetate-to-glucose and ammonium-to-N2 diauxic shifts. Following recovery of growth on the alternative carbon or nitrogen source, RpoS protein concentrations declined rapidly to a basal level. However, rpoS mRNA levels did not correlate directly to RpoS levels, suggesting that there was posttranscriptional regulation. Evidence obtained using the RpoS-dependent reporter Kat1 suggested that there is regulation of the RNAP:RpoS holoenzyme at the level of complex formation or activity.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Synthetic and Agricultural Product on Lysine Production by Alcaligenes aquatilis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
C. B. Nwokolo ◽  
N. N. Uchefuna ◽  
I. A. Ekwealor ◽  
C. T. Ezeh ◽  
C. C. Ezemba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fermentation Period

Production of lysine by Alcaligenes aquatilis from agricultural sub-products (banana and soybean) was compared to glucose and ammonium sulphate as a carbon and nitrogen source. Ammonium sulphate was constant as a nitrogen source when the two carbon sources were investigated and glucose constant as a carbon source when the nitrogen sources were investigated. The production of lysine was examined quantitatively by acidic ninhydrin method. The results showed that banana and soybean improved the maximum lysine yield (1.158 mg/ml and 1.279 mg/ml) for the fermentation period of 96 hrs.

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