Nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. as affected by Rhizobium phaseoli growth phase

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Boiardi ◽  
M. L. Galar
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
The Difference

The influence of culture age and of growth rate on the nodulation ability of strain F 45 str. Rhizobium phaseoli was studied. Roots of Phaseolus vulgaris L., grown in pouches, were infected with rhizobial suspensions (about 1 × 105 cells/root) taken from different batch cultures at different growth phases. After 24 h the free bacterial population was inhibited by adding tetracycline to the rooting medium. Nodules were counted 15–20 days after inoculation. More nodulation was obtained with rhizobia from early, mid, or late exponential phase than from lag or stationary phases. Differences in nodulation obtained had no correlation to the root attachment capacity of the cells nor to the rhizobial binding to Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed lectin. Bacterial attachment to bean roots was maximal with stationary phase bacteria, while lectin binding reached its maximal value with early exponential phase rhizobia, being very low with mid exponential phase cells. These results suggested that the difference in nodulation achieved with Rhizobium phaseoli at different growth phases could be caused by a step of the infection process not related to early (1 h) microbial attachment to roots nor to bacterial binding to Phaseolus vulgaris L. lectin.

scholarly journals Potensi yogurt kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L) ditinjau dari sifat organoleptik, kandungan protein, lemak dan flavonoid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Natalia Desy Putriningtyas ◽  
Siti Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Test Form ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Background:   Yogurt is one of fermented milk products. Yogurt can also be made from red beans milk (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Red beans milk has a better taste and flavor compared to the other legumes. Red beans are a good source of complex carbohydrates, protein, vitamin B, iron, calcium,phosphorus and also rich in fiber and flavonoids. Red beans yogurt is one of the innovations of fermented red beans products. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the differences of red beans yogurt on organoleptic properties, protein, lipid and flavonoid contents. Methods: The study was held in February- September 2017 at Microbiology Laboratory of Center for Food and Nutrition, Gadjah Mada University and Dietetic and Culinary Laboratory of Respati University, Yogyakarta. The study was experimental design using Completely Randomized research Design (CRD) with four treatments, each replicated two times. The formulation of yogurt were A (control from cow milk and 2% skim milk); B (red beans and 2% skim milk); C (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:0.5); D (red beans and skim milk with comparison 1:1). Hedonic scale test form was used for measuring organoleptic properties, such as flavor, taste, texture, colour and overall organoleptic properties. Hedonic level was done by twenty semi trained panelist. The difference of organoleptic properties were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and continued by Mann Whitney U test. Results: Flavor, color, taste,and texture and overall organoleptic properties between groups were significantly different; p=0.001 respectively. The protein, lipid and flavonoid content between groups were not significantly different; p= 0.083; 0.919; 0.083 respectively. Yogurt C was preferable with a ratio of skim milk to red beans of 1:0.5. The highest protein and fat content was found in yogurt D. The highest flavonoid was found in yogurt C.  Conclusion: There were no differences in protein, lipid and flavonoid content but different in organoleptic properties.

SELECTION FOR CAPTAN TOLERANCE IN THE Rhizobium phaseoli-Phaseolus vulgaris L. N2-FIXING SYMBIOSIS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Symbiotic Properties

Application of the seed-applied fungicides captan, DL-Plus, Evershield, thiram and Metalaxyl reduced nodulation in the field bean cultivar Lancer (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field. Captan, Evershield, B3 and Thiram also lowered the acetylene reducing activity under the same conditions. Captan, DL-Plus, and B3 resulted in significant yield reductions of field bean inoculated with commercial multi-strain rhizobial inoculant. Since captan or captan-containing fungicides were the most potent inhibitors of symbiotic N2 fixation in field bean, spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium phaseoli strains 3644 and 8215 were selected on the basis of ability to grow in microbial medium containing 100 ppm of Captan 50 W. Controlled environment chamber and field evaluations indicated that all mutants were less sensitive to commercial rates of Captan 50 W (2.0 g per kilogram seed) than either parent strain or commercial multi-strain inoculant. Inoculation of captan-treated seed with these mutants 24 h prior to seeding did not affect nitrogenase activity or yield. Assessment of the effect of captan on the N2-fixing symbiosis and the captan tolerance of R. phaseoli strains by the acetylene reduction assay or 15N isotope dilution at levels of 15N natural abundance gave similar results. The existence of mutants of R. phaseoli tolerant to seed-applied captan but unaltered in symbiotic properties makes the combined use of captan as a seed protectant and seed-applied rhizobial inoculation fully compatible. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Rhizobium phaseoli, captan, N2 fixation, 15N isotope dilution, acetylene reduction

scholarly journals Application of a Short Intracellular pH Method to Flow Cytometry for Determining Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vitality

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 5615-5620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Weigert ◽  
Fabian Steffler ◽  
Tomas Kurz ◽  
Thomas H. Shellhammer ◽  
Frank-J�rgen Methner
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Photometric Measurements ◽  
Proven Method

ABSTRACT The measurement of yeast's intracellular pH (ICP) is a proven method for determining yeast vitality. Vitality describes the condition or health of viable cells as opposed to viability, which defines living versus dead cells. In contrast to fluorescence photometric measurements, which show only average ICP values of a population, flow cytometry allows the presentation of an ICP distribution. By examining six repeated propagations with three separate growth phases (lag, exponential, and stationary), the ICP method previously established for photometry was transferred successfully to flow cytometry by using the pH-dependent fluorescent probe 5,6-carboxyfluorescein. The correlation between the two methods was good (r 2 = 0.898, n = 18). With both methods it is possible to track the course of growth phases. Although photometry did not yield significant differences between exponentially and stationary phases (P = 0.433), ICP via flow cytometry did (P = 0.012). Yeast in an exponential phase has a unimodal ICP distribution, reflective of a homogeneous population; however, yeast in a stationary phase displays a broader ICP distribution, and subpopulations could be defined by using the flow cytometry method. In conclusion, flow cytometry yielded specific evidence of the heterogeneity in vitality of a yeast population as measured via ICP. In contrast to photometry, flow cytometry increases information about the yeast population's vitality via a short measurement, which is suitable for routine analysis.

scholarly journals Measuring and modeling energy and power consumption in living microbial cells with a synthetic ATP reporter

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie Deng ◽  
Douglas Raymond Beahm ◽  
Steven Ionov ◽  
Rahul Sarpeshkar
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Background Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy carrier in living organisms, critical for metabolism and essential physiological processes. In humans, abnormal regulation of energy levels (ATP concentration) and power consumption (ATP consumption flux) in cells is associated with numerous diseases from cancer, to viral infection and immune dysfunction, while in microbes it influences their responses to drugs and other stresses. The measurement and modeling of ATP dynamics in cells is therefore a critical component in understanding fundamental physiology and its role in pathology. Despite the importance of ATP, our current understanding of energy dynamics and homeostasis in living cells has been limited by the lack of easy-to-use ATP sensors and the lack of models that enable accurate estimates of energy and power consumption related to these ATP dynamics. Here we describe a dynamic model and an ATP reporter that tracks ATP in E. coli over different growth phases. Results The reporter is made by fusing an ATP-sensing rrnB P1 promoter with a fast-folding and fast-degrading GFP. Good correlations between reporter GFP and cellular ATP were obtained in E. coli growing in both minimal and rich media and in various strains. The ATP reporter can reliably monitor bacterial ATP dynamics in response to nutrient availability. Fitting the dynamics of experimental data corresponding to cell growth, glucose, acetate, dissolved oxygen, and ATP yielded a mathematical and circuit model. This model can accurately predict cellular energy and power consumption under various conditions. We found that cellular power consumption varies significantly from approximately 0.8 and 0.2 million ATP/s for a tested strain during lag and stationary phases to 6.4 million ATP/s during exponential phase, indicating ~ 8–30-fold changes of metabolic rates among different growth phases. Bacteria turn over their cellular ATP pool a few times per second during the exponential phase and slow this rate by ~ 2–5-fold in lag and stationary phases. Conclusion Our rrnB P1-GFP reporter and kinetic circuit model provide a fast and simple way to monitor and predict energy and power consumption dynamics in bacterial cells, which can impact fundamental scientific studies and applied medical treatments in the future.

scholarly journals Semienclosed Tube Cultures of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Enumeration of Rhizobium phaseoli by the Most-Probable-Number Technique †

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo S. Araujo ◽  
Jaime Maya-Flores ◽  
Deborah Barnes-McConnell ◽  
Charles Yokoyama ◽  
Frank B. Dazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bean Plants

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Growth Phase on Expression of a 104-Kilodalton Listeria Adhesion Protein inListeria monocytogenes

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2765-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivia I. Santiago ◽  
Allan Zipf ◽  
Arun K. Bhunia
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Temperature And Growth ◽  
Human Enterocyte

ABSTRACT Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with mammalian intestinal cells is believed to be an important first step inListeria pathogenesis. Transposon (Tn916) mutagenesis provided strong evidence that a 104-kDa surface protein, designated the Listeria adhesion protein (LAP), was involved in adherence of L. monocytogenes to a human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell line (V. Pandiripally, D. Westbrook, G. Sunki, and A. Bhunia, J. Med. Microbiol. 48:117–124, 1999). In this study, expression of LAP in L. monocytogenes at various growth temperatures (25, 37, and 42°C) and in various growth phases was determined by performing an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and Western blotting with a specific monoclonal antibody (monoclonal antibody H7). The ELISA and Western blot results indicated that there was a significant increase in LAP expression over time only at 37 and 42°C and that the level of LAP expression was low during the exponential phase and high during the stationary phase. In contrast, there were not significant differences in LAP expression between the exponential and stationary phases at 25°C. Examination of the adhesion of L. monocytogenes cells from exponential-phase (12-h) or stationary-phase (24-h) cultures grown at 37°C to Caco-2 cells revealed that there were not significant differences in adhesion. Although expression of L. monocytogenes LAP was different at different growth temperatures and in different growth phases, enhanced expression did not result in increased adhesion, possibly because only a few LAP molecules were sufficient to initiate binding to Caco-2 cells.

Effect of Uv Radiation on Endogenous Inhibitors of Growth in the Hypocotyl of Phaseolus vulgaris

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kato-Noguchi ◽  
M Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitors ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acetone Extracts

In order to correlate the role of endogenous inhibitors of growth of bean plants with the inhibition of such growth by UV radiation, a search for specific growth inhibitors was undertaken using the neutral and acidic fractions of acetone extracts from the hypocotyls of UV-irradiated bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Morocco). Tho neutral and two acidic inhibitors were isolated and they were named N-1 and N-2 (neutral inhibitors) and A-1 and A-2 (acidic inhibitors), respectively, on the basis of the order of their elution from a silica-gel column. Variations in the activity of the inhibitors in hypocotyls of two cultivars (cvv. Morocco and Kentucky 101) after the onset of UV radiation were determined by use of a bean bioassay, and results were compared with those of UV-induced inhibition of growth. The growth of hypocotyls of the two cultivars decreased rapidly. However, the more noticeable change was a marked decrease in the growth of the hypocotyls of cv. Morocco. On the other side, the difference in the activity of N-1 between the two cultivars was particularly great, and the changes with time in levels of N-1 in hypocotyls of each cultivar matched the time course of the UV-induced inhibition of growth of hypocotyls of the same cultivar. No such correlation was found with N-2, A-1 and A-2. These results suggest that the activity of N-1 may serve to distinguish the growth habit of the two cultivars to UV radiation.

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