Ultrastructural study of galacturonic acid distribution in some pathogenic fungi using gold-complexed Aplysia depilans gonad lectin

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Benhamou
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
Ascomycete Fungi

Aplysia gonad lectin, isolated from the mollusc Aplysia depilans, was successfully conjugated to colloidal gold and used for ultrastructural detection of galacturonic acids in some pathogenic fungi. These sugar residues were found to occur in the fibrillar sheath surrounding hyphal cells of Ascocalyx abietina and in intravacuolar dense inclusions of this fungus spores. In hyphae and spores of Ophiostoma ulmi, galacturonic acids were detected mainly in the outermost wall layers. In contrast, these saccharides appeared associated with the innermost wall layers and especially the plasma membrane of Verticillium albo-atrum cells. Galacturonic acids were found to be absent in cells of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici and Candida albicans. These cytochemical data indicate therefore that a heterogeneity in wall composition exists between ascomycete fungi. The significance of the presence of galacturonic acids in the cell walls of certain fungi is still open to question.Key words: galacturonic acid, fungi, gold labeling, Aplysia depilans gonad lectin.

The interface between fungal hyphae and orchid protocorm cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Larry Peterson ◽  
Yukari Uetake ◽  
Paola Bonfante ◽  
Antonella Faccio
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Affinity Techniques ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Seeds of the orchids Platanthera hyperborea, Spiranthes lacera, and Spiranthes sinensis were germinated in vitro in the presence of compatible fungal species and the resulting colonized protocorms were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and colloidal-gold affinity techniques. Protocorm cells in early stages of colonization contained coils of fungal hyphae (pelotons) separated from host cell cytoplasm by the host plasma membrane and interfacial matrix material. Host cell walls were labelled by the colloidal gold – cellobiohydralase I (CBH-I) complex to detect cellulose and, particularly over the middle lamella, by antibodies that bind to pectins (JIM 5 and JIM 7). A polyclonal antibody that binds to β-1,3-glucans labelled the fungal cell wall heavily. None of the probes, however, labelled the interfacial matrix between the wall of active fungal hyphae and the surrounding plasma membrane. In contrast, the interfacial matrix material that ensheathed collapsing hyphae showed labelling after treatment with JIM 5, the polyclonal antibody, and the CBH-I complex. Labelling of host cell walls and fungal walls was similar to that described for early stages. Keywords: orchids, protocorms, mycorrhizas, affinity gold techniques, interfacial matrix.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Effects of air discharge on surface charges and cell walls of Fusarium oxysporum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdie Liu ◽  
Hui Tang ◽  
Huiwen Jiang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shoulei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Air Discharge

Glycoconjugates on the surface of spores of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi studied using fluorescence and electron microscopy and flow cytometry

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hardham ◽  
E. Suzaki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Soybean Agglutinin ◽  
Binding Material

Glycoconjugates on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi have been studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled lectins for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and ferritin- and gold-labelled lectins for ultrastructural analysis. Of the five lectins used, only concanavalin A (ConA) binds to the surface of the zoospores, including the flagella and water expulsion vacuole. This suggests that of accessible saccharides, glucosyl or mannosyl residues predominate on the outer surface of the zoospore plasma membrane. Early in encystment, a system of flat disc-like cisternae, which underlie the zoospore plasma membrane, vesiculate. These and other small peripheral vesicles quickly disappear. After the induction of encystment, ConA is no longer localised close to the plasma membrane but binds to material loosely associated with the cell surface. Quantitative measurements by flow cytometry indicate that the ConA-binding material is gradually lost from the cell surface. The cyst wall is weakly labelled, but the site of germ tube emergence stains intensely. During the first 2 min after the induction of encystment, material that binds soybean agglutinin, Helix pommatia agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin appears on the surface of the fungal cells. The distribution of this material, rich in galactosyl or N-acetyl-D-galactosaminosyl residues, is initially patchy, but by 5 min the material evenly coats most of the cell surface. Labelling of zoospores in which intracellular sites are accessible indicates that the soybean agglutinin binding material is stored in vesicles that lie beneath the plasma membrane. Quantitation of soybean agglutinin labelling shows that maximum binding occurs 2–3 min after the induction of encystment. Key words: cell surface, flow cytometry, lectins, pathogenic fungi, Phytophthora cinnamomi.

scholarly journals Regulation and activity of CaTrk1, CaAcu1 and CaHak1, the three plasma membrane potassium transporters in Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 1863 (1) ◽  
pp. 183486
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ruiz-Castilla ◽  
Jan Bieber ◽  
Gabriel Caro ◽  
Carmen Michán ◽  
Hana Sychrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Potassium Transporters

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIUM ACETOBACTER SUBOXYDANS

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Claus ◽  
L. E. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Negative Staining ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acetobacter Suboxydans ◽  
Negative Cell

The morphological features of the cell wall, plasma membrane, protoplasmic constituents, and flagella of Acetobacter suboxydans (ATCC 621) were studied by thin sectioning and negative staining. Thin sections of the cell wall demonstrate an outer membrane and an inner, more homogeneous layer. These observations are consistent with those of isolated, gram-negative cell-wall ghosts and the chemical analyses of gram-negative cell walls. Certain functional attributes of the cell-wall inner layer and the structural comparisons of gram-negative and gram-positive cell walls are considered. The plasma membrane is similar in appearance to the membrane of the cell wall and is occasionally found to be folded into the cytoplasm. Certain features of the protoplasm are described and discussed, including the diffuse states of the chromatinic material that appear to be correlated with the length of the cell and a polar differentiation in the area of expected flagellar attachment. Although the flagella appear hollow in thin sections, negative staining of isolated flagella does not substantiate this finding. Severe physical treatment occasionally produces a localized penetration into the central region of the flagellum, the diameter of which is much smaller then that expected from sections. A possible explanation of this apparent discrepancy is discussed.

A new look at the antibiotic amphotericin B effect on Candida albicans plasma membrane permeability and cell viability functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chudzik ◽  
Mateusz Koselski ◽  
Aleksandra Czuryło ◽  
Kazimierz Trębacz ◽  
Mariusz Gagoś
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
New Look

An ultrastructural study of the effects of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) on cell cortex organization during the first cleavage of Xenopus laevis eggs. II. Cortical wound healing

1979 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
M. Geuskens ◽  
R. Tencer
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Wheat Germ Agglutinin ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Annular Zone

Uncleaved fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis treated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been pricked at the animal pole both inside and outside the regressed furrow region. The wounded cortex of both regions has been studied with the electron microscope and compared with the same region of wounded, untreated eggs. In all 3 cases, filaments are organized in an annular zone in the damaged cortex. When the surface is pricked outside the regressed furrow of WGA-treated embryos, bundles of microfilaments radiate from the ring and extend in deep folds which form a ‘star’ around the wound at the surface of the embryo. However, when the surface is pricked in the new membrane of the regressed furrow, filaments are intermingled with internalized portions of the plasma membrane. It is suggested that, when the surface is pricked outside the furrow region, more filaments are mobilized to counteract the tangential retraction of the membrane which has acquired more rigidity after WGA binding.

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