A medium, solidified with gellan gum, for determining the Na+ requirement of Vibrio species

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 804-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Noble ◽  
John A. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Lag Period

Until now there has not been a satisfactory solid medium for determining the growth responses, to Na+, of marine and other bacteria that have specific growth requirements for Na+. A solid medium would be useful to investigators who would like to take advantage of the efficiency of multipoint inoculation when testing for a Na+ requirement. By using 1% gellan gum (Gel-GroTM) as the solidifying agent a medium was formulated that had a contaminating level of Na+ of slightly less than 2 mM in the basal medium. Two species of Aeromonas, which do not require Na+ for growth, and 31 species of Vibrio, which require Na+, were tested for their growth responses to Na+ on this medium. The Aeromonas strains grew well, within 24 h, at all of the Na+ concentrations tested. Approximately 75% of the Vibrio strains did not grow on the basal medium even after a prolonged incubation period. The remaining species were able to grow on the basal medium, but not without a lag period. These lag periods were as short as 36 h for two of the species and in some instances as long as 312 h. These lag periods were of sufficient duration to determine that Na+ stimulated the growth of the Vibrio strains that were able to grow on the basal medium. Approximately 75% of the strains, representing most species of Vibrio, were able to grow if as little as 25 mM Na+ was present in the medium.Key words: low-sodium medium, Na+ requirement, gellan gum, agar substitute, marine bacteria.

The taxonomic significance of the growth response to Na+by strains ofVibrio

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dwayne Goudie ◽  
John A. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Determinative Bacteriology ◽  
Cluster Composition ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Growth Requirement ◽  
Standard Tests

Eighty regional Vibrio strains were studied for their growth responses at 13 Na+concentrations. Using a chemically defined plating medium, together with a multipoint inoculation technique, approximately 45% of the strains showed a specific growth requirement for Na+. The remaining strains grew, with a lag period, on the basal medium that contained about 2 mM background Na+. Based on the growth responses to Na+, a numerical analysis was used to explore differences between the strains. A dendrogram was produced in which the strains were grouped into four major clusters. At an equivalent level of similarity the cluster composition was not significantly different from that shown in a second dendrogram that was based on standard tests recommended in the 9th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The study showed that, over a range of concentrations, the growth response to Na+was taxonomically significant for Vibrio strains.Key words: Vibrio, marine bacteria, Na+requirement, growth response.

scholarly journals Survival and growth responses of snakehead fish Channa striata Bloch. juvenile in aerated and unaerated acid sulfate water

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
, Purnamawati ◽  
Daniel Djokosetiyanto ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Enang Harris ◽  
Ridwan Affandi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Channa Striata

<p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p> </p><p>The aim of the research was to analyze survival rate, specific growth rate, albumin, and feed efficiency and physiological (blood glucose, cortisol, dan haemoglobin) responses of snake head fish juvenil that reared at aerated and unaerated of tidal land water have been conducted in the laboratory. Experiments using completely randomized design with aerated and unaerated as a treatment, and each treatment has twelve replications. The snakehead fish juvenil wich length 2.4±0.2 cm and weight of 0.21±0.05 g reared in the aquarium that are size 30×25×35 cm (water volume 25 L) with a stocking density 2 juvenile/L, for 40 days. The fishes were fed with commercial feed with protein content about 40%, feeding two times a day (morning and afternoon) were at satiation. Replacement of water done every two days about 10% of the total water volume in the aquarium. The results showed that unaerated median significantly affected to biometric and physiological response of juvenile of snake head fish. The media un-aerated gives the best results shown by the higher value of survival (92%), specific growth rate (6.73%/ day), feed efficiency (78.22%), protein retention (41.91%), energy retention (30.81%) value of albumin (6.60 g/100 mL) and the haemoglobin (5.58 g/dL), and have the lowest value of cortisol (21.49 ng/L) and blood glucose (43.36 mg/100 mL).</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: acid sulfate water, growth rate, aeration, <em>Channa striata </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respons kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan spesifik, albumin, dan efisiensi pakan dan fisiologis (kortisol, glukosa darah, dan hemoglobin) juvenil ikan gabus yang dipelihara dengan dan tanpa aerasi pada media air rawa pasang surut. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan aerasi dan tanpa aerasi sebagai perlakuan, dan masing-masing perlakuan memiliki 12 ulangan. Juvenil ikan gabus berukuran panjang 2,4±0,3 cm dan bobot 0,21±0,03 g dipelihara dalam akuarium 30×25×35 cm (volume 25 L) dengan padat tebar 2 ekor/L, selama 40 hari. Ikan diberi pakan berupa pakan komersial dengan kadar protein ±40%, pemberian pakan dua kali sehari (pagi dan sore) <em>at satiation</em>. Penggantian air dan penyiponan dilakukan dua hari sekali sebanyak 10% dari volume total dalam akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tanpa aerasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap respons biometrik dan fisiologis juvenil ikan gabus. Media tanpa aerasi memberikan hasil yang lebih baik ditunjukkan oleh kelangsungan hidup (92%), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (6,73%/ hari), efisiensi pakan (78,22%), retensi protein (41,91%), retensi energi (30,81%), kadar albumin (6,60 g/100 mL), dan hemoglobin (5,85 g/dL) yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan kadar kortisol (219 ng/L) dan glukosa darah (43,36 mg/100 mL) yang terendah.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci: media sulfat masam, pertumbuhan, aerasi, <em>Channa striata</em></p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Growth Responses of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Progenies Raised Using Different Starter Diets

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
J. O. Ed-Idoko ◽  
S. G. Solomon ◽  
P. A. Annune ◽  
S. I. Ikap ◽  
B. T. Iber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Weight

200 fry of carp obtained from induced breeding by stripping were fed three times daily ad libitum with Artemia (DT1), commercial starter diet (DT2), and dried egg yolk (DT3)for  8 weeks. Each  treatments were in triplicates in indoor hatchery. At the end of the experiment, the progenies mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia (3.490±0.015a) as compared to others with significant difference (P<0.05).Mean weight gained (MWG) was highest in the treatments fed Artemia. Percentage weight gain (%WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) had no significant differences (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with smashed egg yolk. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest (P<0.05) in the treatment fed with composed feed. Mortality rate was highest in treatment fed with Artemia, and percentage survival was highest (P<0.05) in treatment fed with composed feed. Percentage jumpers per treatment were highest in Artemia diet. In conclusion, it is imperative that Artemia feed (amidst other starter diets researched on) is most preferable for the optimum growth and development of common carp fry.

Growth Performance and Nutritional Value of Chlorella ellipsoidea in Fertilizer Factory Effluent Media

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. TOYUB ◽  
S.R. AHMED ◽  
M. I. MIAH ◽  
M. A. B. HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Chlorella Ellipsoidea ◽  
Green Alga Chlorella ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The growth performance of green alga, Chlorella ellipsoidea was studied in a laboratory in different concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent media (FFEM). Five different concentrations viz. 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% of FFEM and bold basal medium (BBM) (control) were used with three replications for a period of three months. Each trial was done for a period of 16 days. The initial cell density of C. ellipsoidea was 2.5×105 cells.ml-1 which attained a maximum density of 198.49x105 cells.ml-1 in BBM followed by 182.07, 157.41, 142.34, 137.57 and 121.35 (x105 cells. ml-1) in 50, 55, 45, 60 and 40 % FFEM, respectively on the 10th day of culture. A similar trend was observed in the case of chlorophyll a content and the range was 5.85 to 9.39 mg.l-1. The specific growth rate (SGR, μ.day-1) on the basis of cell number and chlorophyll a were found at 0.40 to 0.44 and 0.41 to 0.45, respectively and was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BBM. The total biomass was found at 629.13 and 541.36 mg.l-1 in BBM and 50% FFEM, respectively. The overall growth performance of C. ellipsoidea was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 50% FFEM than in other concentrations of FFEM. The cultured microalga was found nutritionally rich.

Species-Specific Growth Responses to Climate Variations in Understory Trees of a Central African Rain Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Couralet ◽  
Frank J. Sterck ◽  
Ute Sass-Klaassen ◽  
Joris Van Acker ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Understory Trees

Growth responses of oligotrophic and heterotrophic marine bacteria in various substrate concentrations, and taxonomic studies on them

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Akagi ◽  
U. Simidu ◽  
N. Taga
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Sampling Station ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Oligotrophic Bacteria ◽  
The Media ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Growth responses of oligotrophic bacteria to substrate concentrations have been investigated in comparison with those of heterotrophic bacteria. The results suggested that oligotrophs were the group which could grow and produce a perceptible turbidity in the media containing less than 10 mg peptone C/L of medium.Taxonomic studies indicated that the most abundant group in the oligotrophic bacterial flora was consistent with that in the heterotrophic bacterial flora at each sampling station. However, the relative proportion of pseudomonads in the oligotrophs was higher than that in the heterotrophs (at stations H-24, H-28, H-29, Ab-1, Ab-2, and O-4), while the relative proportion of Vibrio in the former was lower than that in the latter (at stations H-24, H-28, H-29, O-4, and O-9).

On the origin of variants of the marine bacteriumDeleya aesta134 able to grow at low Na+concentration

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacLeod ◽  
Patricia R. MacLeod ◽  
Marc Berthelet
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concentration Cells

Deleya aesta 134 grows optimally at 200 mM Na+in a chemically defined medium but at 10 mM Na+only after an extended lag period which was reduced if the cells that grew were reinoculated into medium of the same low Na+concentration. Cells that eventually grew at low Na+formed colonies on agar containing 17 mM Na+in the agar supernatant (the liquid released when the agar was compacted). Cells of the parent failed to form colonies at this Na+concentration when 102cells were plated. Colonies that formed on low Na+agar differed in appearance from colonies of the parent and three colony types were distinguished. When 106cells of D. aesta grown in liquid medium containing optimum Na+were spread on plates containing 17 mM Na+, a few variant colonies first appeared on day 4 and then increased in numbers over a 20-day period. In nine similar cultures the yield of colonies varied over a 3-log range. Fluctuation tests applied to the numbers arising from the similar cultures after different periods of incubation of the plates showed that the ratio of the variance to the mean was much greater than one initially and then increased with time. A total of seven different variants were isolated. These could be distinguished by the colony type formed, the length of the lag time preceding the first appearance of colonies, and the rate of colony accumulation on low (and in one case, high) Na+plates. The variants retained their distinctive characteristics when replated at low Na+after growth at optimum Na+. Differences in lag time and rate of colony accumulation were related to differences in Na+requirement of the variants and to the presence of other colonies on the plates. The variants appear to arise as the result of random mutations in the growing culture. There was no evidence of adaptive mutation.Key words: Deleya aesta, marine bacteria, variants, Na+response, colony accumulation, adaptive mutation.

scholarly journals Characterization of the interactive effects of labile and recalcitrant organic matter on microbial growth and metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren N. M. Quigley ◽  
Abigail Edwards ◽  
Andrew D. Steen ◽  
Alison Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Geochemical Models ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractGeochemical models typically represent organic matter (OM) as consisting of multiple, independent pools of compounds, each accessed by microorganisms at different rates. However, recent findings indicate that organic compounds can interact within microbial metabolisms. The relevance of interactive effects within marine systems is debated and a mechanistic understanding of its complexities, including microbe-substrate relationships, is lacking. As a first step toward uncovering mediating processes, the interactive effects of distinct pools of OM on the growth and respiration of marine bacteria, individual strains and a simple, constructed community of Roseobacter lineage members were tested. Isolates were provided with natural organic matter (NOM) and different concentrations (1, 4, 40, 400 μM-C) and forms of labile organic matter (acetate, casamino acids, tryptone, coumarate). The microbial response to the mixed substrate regimes was assessed using viable counts and respiration in two separate experiments. Two marine bacteria and a six-member constructed community were assayed with these experiments. Both synergistic and antagonistic growth responses were evident for all strains, but all were transient. The specific substrate conditions promoting a response, and the direction of that response, varied amongst species. These findings indicate that the substrate conditions that result in OM interactive effects are both transient and species-specific and thus influenced by both the composition and metabolic potential of a microbial community.

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