ENERGY LOSS OF HIGHLY CHARGED PARTICLES PRODUCED BY FISSION AND BY COSMIC RAYS: III. THE LINEAR DENSITY OF DELTA RAYS. EXPERIMENTS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Demers ◽  
Zofia Lechno-Wasiutynska
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
New Method ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Relativistic Corrections ◽  
Comparison With Experiment

Delta rays having an energy as low as 2–5 kev. have been counted along the tracks of mesons, protons, and α rays of low velocity, allowing the identification of each. Three methods are presented and applied to determine the efficiency ƒ of counting delta rays of various energies; measured values of ƒ vary between 0.05% at 2 kev. and 100–180% near 50 kev. The number of grains, and the energy distribution among visible delta rays, are analyzed. A new method of determining velocity, based on the analysis of the number of grains in the delta rays, is presented. In the Appendix, the effect of relativistic corrections is computed and discussed. It is small except at large velocities where comparison with experiment is difficult.

scholarly journals Study of the performance of prototypes of straw tube tracker by measuring cosmic rays

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Akshay Malige ◽  
Grzegorz Korcyl ◽  
Narendra Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Electromagnetic Calorimeter ◽  
Clock Signal ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
Panda Experiment ◽  
Straw Tube ◽  
Individual Detector

Straw tube detector developed for the PANDA experiment in [1], will be used for tracking and identifcation of charged particles in the Forward Tracker (FT). The detector read-out will be incorporated in PANDA DAQ running in trigger-less mode by means of Synchronization Of Data Acquisition Network (SODAnet). SODAnet is the protocol used to synchronize individual detector subsystems by providing a common clock signal and timestamps. The reconstruction of events out of many fragments is done with the Burst Building Network. The first tests of such system have been performed with prototypes of FT and ElectroMagnetic Calorimeter modules (EMC) in [1] measuring cosmic rays. Those tests allow to evaluate the detectors as well as the synchronization and processing systems. The reconstruction of particle tracks has been developed and evaluated. The results on the track reconstruction, spatial resolution and energy loss via Time over Threshold (TOT) method is described together with the DAQ performance.

ENERGY LOSS OF HIGHLY CHARGED PARTICLES PRODUCED BY FISSION AND BY COSMIC RAYS: SECTION II. PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS ON FISSION FRAGMENTS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Mathieu ◽  
Pierre Demers
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Fission Tracks ◽  
Fission Fragments ◽  
Photometric Measurements

A sensitive and accurate photometer is described, which is designed to measure directly the light intensity transmitted through very small objects placed under the microscope at the highest resolving powers. Tracks of mesons, protons, α rays, and fission fragments were examined with it, characteristic curves relating optical density D and ionizing power I were obtained and show the feature, unusual for light sensitivity, of two sensitive regions separated by a region of very low gamma. The variation of optical density and of width with ionizing power is discussed for three types of emulsion. Measurements on fission tracks are analyzed to derive a single range ionization relation I = 1.22 + 0.738 R, in Mev. and microns, applicable to both heavy and light fragments, in agreement with Section I. The controversial literature on this matter is discussed.

ENERGY LOSS OF HIGHLY CHARGED PARTICLES PRODUCED BY FISSION AND BY COSMIC RAYS: SECTION I. OBSERVATIONS OF FISSION FRAGMENTS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Demers
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Velocity Curve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Light Fragment ◽  
Fission Fragments

Measurements on the range of the tracks of fission fragments recorded in special laboratory-made emulsions are reported. The origin was marked so that observations on length not possible otherwise were made. Stopping power and straggling for such tracks in different media are discussed. It is shown, that the range of one fragment is little dependent on the range of the other paired fragment. The blackening of the two tracks near the origin is on the average unequal, that of the light fragment L being darker. It is inferred that ionization is greater near the origin for the L fragment. Knock-on protons allow a range velocity curve to be drawn, and evidence is advanced to prove that the light associated particles are indeed knock-on protons.

Atomic orientation effects in proton stopping at low velocity

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 708-709
Author(s):  
Kin Lam
Keyword(s):  
Polycrystalline Material ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Interatomic Distances ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Atomic Orientation

The energy of moving ions in solid is dependent on the electronic density as well as the atomic structural properties of the target material. These factors contribute to the observable effects in polycrystalline material using the scanning ion microscope. Here we outline a method to investigate the dependence of low velocity proton stopping on interatomic distances and orientations.The interaction of charged particles with atoms in the frame work of the Fermi gas model was proposed by Lindhard. For a system of atoms, the electronic Lindhard stopping power can be generalized to the formwhere the stopping power function is defined as

Response and failure modes of biaxial warp-knitted flexible composite subject to low-velocity impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110154
Author(s):  
Ziyu Zhao ◽  
Tianming Liu ◽  
Pibo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Flexible Composites ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, biaxial warp-knitted fabrics were produced with different high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The low-velocity impact property of flexible composites made of polyurethane as matrix and biaxial warp-knitted fabric as reinforcement has been investigated. The effect of impactor shape and initial impact energy on the impact response of flexible composite is tested. The results show that the initial impact energy have minor effect on the impact response of the biaxial warp-knitted flexible composites. The impact resistance of flexible composite specimen increases with the increase of high tenacity polyester linear density and inserted yarns density. The damage morphology of flexible composite materials is completely different under different impactor shapes. The findings have theoretical and practical significance for the applications of biaxial warp-knitted flexible composite.

ENERGY ORDERING EFFECTS IN THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS MEASURED BY THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
◽  
PETER SCHIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ordering Effects ◽  
Arrival Directions

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest experiment for the measurement of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). These UHECRs are assumed to be to be charged particles, and thus are deflected in cosmic magnetic fields. Recent results of the Pierre Auger Observatory addressing the complex of energy ordering of the UHECRs arrival directions are reviewed in this contribution. So far no significant energy ordering has been observed.

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