scholarly journals DRIFT VELOCITY OF HOT ELECTRONS IN n-TYPE GERMANIUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1056-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Barrie ◽  
R. R. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
High Fields

The drift velocity of electrons in n-type germanium has been measured as a function of applied electric field at lattice temperatures of 77° K and 295° K. Three directions of applied field were used, viz. (100), (110), and (111) crystal directions. The range of field strength was from 500 v/cm to 75 kv/cm. A longitudinal anisotropy was observed at 77° K but not at 295° K. All specimens showed saturation of the drift velocity at high fields. At 77° K, all (100) specimens exhibited a breakdown effect, the cause of which is not known. The results are analyzed on the basis of an extension of Stratton's theory to the case of a many-valley semiconductor.

The cataphoresis of spherical, solid non-conducting particles in a symmetrical electrolyte

1950 ◽  
Vol 203 (1075) ◽  
pp. 514-533 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Steady Velocity ◽  
General Method ◽  
Charged Spheres

A theoretical analysis is given of the motion of solid non-conducting charged spheres through symmetrical electrolytes, under the action of an applied electric field. It is shown that the steady velocity of translation U may be written in the alternative forms U = Ʃ ∞ 1 c v Q v = Ʃ ∞ 1 d v ζ v , where Qe denotes the charge on a sphere and ζ the zeta-potential; the coefficients c v and d v are proportional to the applied field strength and depend upon the radius of the particle and the concentrations, valencies and mobilities of the ions in the electrolyte. A general method is given for calculating the c v and d v and the first four coefficients of each series found explicitly. Some quite general properties of the c v are also deduced. It is shown that under certain conditions, the terms of the series for U , apart from the first, are of considerable importance and must be taken into account in estimating ζ from U .

INFLUENCE OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE TRANSVERSE RUNAWAY THRESHOLD

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANA METREVELI ◽  
ZAUR KACHLISHVILI ◽  
BEKA BOCHORISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillations ◽  
Hot Electrons ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The transverse runaway (TR) is a phenomenon whereby for a certain combination of energy and momentum scattering mechanisms of hot electrons, and for a certain threshold of the applied electric field, the internal (total) field tends to infinity. In this work, the effect of the magnetic field on the transverse runaway threshold is considered. It is shown that with increasing magnetic field, the applied critical electric fields relevant to TR decrease. The obtained results are important for practical applications of the TR effect as well as for the investigation of possible nonlinear oscillations that may occur near the TR threshold.

scholarly journals Drift Velocity, Longitudinal and Transverse Diffusion in Hydrocarbons derived from Distributions of Single Electrons

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmidt ◽  
Michael Roncossek
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Transverse Diffusion ◽  
Single Electrons ◽  
Time Of Flight Method

A time of flight method is described which allows the simultaneous measurement of drift velocity w and the ratios of the longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients to mobility (DL/JL, DT/JL) of electrons in gases. The accuracy achieved in this omnipurpose experiment is comparable with that of specialised techniques and is estimated to be �1 % for w and �5% for the D / JL measurements .. Results for methane, ethane, ethene, propane, propene and cyclopropane for values of E/N (the electric field strength divided by the number density) ranging from 0�02 to 15 Td are presented and discussed (1 Td = 10-21 Vm2 ).

Numerical Studies of Signal Amplification in a BaTiO3:Ce Crystal with an Applied Electric Field

1997 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 349-360
Author(s):  
Ping Xie ◽  
Jian-Hua Dai ◽  
Peng-Ye Wang ◽  
Hong-Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pump Intensity ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Fanning Effect

The gain and the spatial fidelity of signal amplification in photorefractive BaTiO 3: Ce , with considerations of the effect of the externally applied electric field and the fanning effect (or noise), are numerically studied using a three-dimensional analysis. Although the gain of the signal can be enhanced with the applied field, its spatial fidelity is greatly reduced, especially at a small angle between the two propagation directions of the pump and signal beams. The fanning effect reduces the spatial fidelity, and the smaller the input signal to pump intensity ratio is, the smaller the fidelity becomes. At large magnitudes of the applied field, the applied field plays a critical role in the reduction of the fidelity of the signal and the fanning effect on the fidelity is negligible.

Effect of Electric Field Strength on Texture Evolution of IF Steel Sheet during Annealing

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2617-2621
Author(s):  
Chang Shu He ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Wei Ping Tong ◽  
Liang Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
If Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
If Steel Sheet

Specimens cut from a cold-rolled IF steel sheet of 1 mm thickness were respectively annealed at 750°C for 20min under a range of DC electric fields (1kV/cm~4kV/cm). The Effect of electric field strength on recrystallization texture of IF steel sheet was studied by mean of X-ray diffraction ODF analysis. It was found that γ-fiber textures were notably enhanced as electric field strength increased. The strength of γ-fiber textures got their peak values as the applied electric field reached to 4kV/cm. The possible reason for such phenomena was discussed in the viewpoint of interaction between the applied electric field and the orientation-dependent stored-energy in deformed metals which is known as the driving force for recrystallization during annealing.

THE RESPONSE OF STARCH/GELATIN/GLYCERIN AQUEOUS ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMER TO APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (07n09) ◽  
pp. 1449-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINGXIANG GAO ◽  
XIAOPENG ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Dc Electric Field

The aqueous ER elastomers, containing crude organic starch particles which dispersed in gelatin/glycerin/water matrix, were prepared with or without the applied DC electric field. The responses of the composite systems to the electric field were tested by the compression modulus and resistance of the elastomers. The result shows that they are enhanced and controlled evidently under an applied DC electric field. The strongest responses appear at 25% weight fraction of starch. In addition, the increment modulus of the elastomer increases with the strength of the applied field within 0.5~1.5 kV/mm, while after the field is stronger than 1.5 kV/mm it doesn't increase with field, appearing "saturation".

scholarly journals Nonlinear neutral inclusions: assemblages of coated ellipsoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 140394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Jiménez Bolaños ◽  
Bogdan Vernescu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Nonlinear Materials

The problem of determining nonlinear neutral inclusions in (electrical or thermal) conductivity is considered. Neutral inclusions, inserted in a matrix containing a uniform applied electric field, do not disturb the field outside the inclusions. The well-known Hashin-coated sphere construction is an example of a neutral inclusion. In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing neutral inclusions from nonlinear materials. In particular, we discuss assemblages of coated ellipsoids. The proposed construction is neutral for a given applied field.

Effect of a transverse applied electric field on electron drift velocity in a GaAs quantum wire: A Monte Carlo simulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Borzdov ◽  
D. V. Pozdnyakov ◽  
V. M. Borzdov ◽  
A. A. Orlikovsky ◽  
V. V. V’yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Quantum Wire ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Electron Drift Velocity ◽  
Electron Drift

Ionization of Liquid Tetramethyl Germanium by 60Co-γ-Radiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lopes ◽  
W. F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Guard Ring ◽  
Applied Electric Field Strength ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Free Ion

AbstractThe ionization current produced in liquid tetramethyl germanium by 60Co-γ-radiation was measured with a guard ring type, parallel plate ionization chamber. The yield of ion pairs as a function of the applied electric field strength was determined and the free ion yield without applied electric field was obtained to be Gfi (0) = 0.68 ±0.10.

Excess Electrons and Positive Charge Carriers in Liquid Methane. I

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Bakale ◽  
Werner F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Excess Electrons ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Liquid Methane ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Field Strengths

AbstractThe drift velocities of radiation-induced excess electrons and positive charge carriers in liquid methane were measured at different electric field strengths and several temperatures. For the excess electrons the drift velocity increases up to 1.5 kV cm-1 proportional to the electric field strength and a mobility of (400±50) cm2 V-1 s-1 at T = 111 °K was obtained. Above 1.5 kV cm-1 the drift velocity varies with E½. The temperature coefficient of the mobility is negative. For the positive charge carriers the measurements were carried out up to electric field strengths of 50 kV cm-1 and the drift velocity remained proportional to the field giving a mobility of (2.5 ± 0.5) · 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 7 = 111 °K. The mobility increased with increasing temperature. The reaction of excess electrons with oxygen was also studied and a rate constant of 8.4 · 1011 l mole-1 s-1 was obtained.

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