Coastal Studies by Sequential Air Photography

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Coastal Changes ◽  
Air Photo

With the advent of air photography, many problems of mapping coast lines, such as those caused by surf action and underwater obstructions, were solved, as the vertical air photo shows the exact configuration of the coast and reveals many of the shallow-water obstructions. This paper shows that aerial photographs, obtained at intervals ranging from 2 to 20 years, contain important information on long-term coastal changes, brought about by wave and current action over a period of time. Two examples of such changes, revealed by sequential aerial photography, are given. It is concluded that a program of systematic study of existing photographs and supplementary rephotography would more than justify its cost.

COASTAL ALTERATION AND CHANGES IN SHORELINE MORPHOLOGY DUE TO ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES IN MIIRAKU TOWN ON FUKUE IS. IN THE GOTO ARCHIPELAGO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Sakamoto ◽  
Ryo Sakamoto ◽  
Satoquo Seino ◽  
Satoquo Seino ◽  
Hirokazu Suzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
National Park ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Tang Dynasty ◽  
Coastal Changes ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Nagasaki Prefecture

A construction of breakwaters and other shoreline structures on part of a coast influences drift sand transport in the bay, and causes comprehensive topographic changes on the beach. This study investigated shoreline and coastal changes, taking as an example of Shiraragahama Beach in Miiraku on the northwestern end of Fukue Island, Nagasaki Prefecture (Kyushu, Japan). Miiraku, adjacent to Saikai National Park, appears in the revered 8th century poetry collection “Manyoshu” and served as a port for a ship taken by the Japanese envoy to China during the Tang Dynasty (618-709). Because of the recent development of breakwaters for a fishing harbor, the shore environments of this beach have changed significantly. In this study, the status of silt deposits and topographic changes on this beach arising from the construction of a harbor breakwater were evaluated by comparing aerial photographs taken in different years. Next, the changes in the shoreline visible from aerial photographs from 1947 to 2014 were analyzed. Lastly, the altitude of the beaches was measured using accurate survey methods. The following results were obtained: 1) coastal erosion made rock cliffs to fall off along the shore and deposited sand on this beach; 2) the more serious advances or retreats of the shoreline took place around shoreline structures; 3) sandbars and beach cliffs were formed.

scholarly journals Storm Driven Migration of the Napatree Barrier, Rhode Island, USA

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Washover Fan

Napatree Point, an isolated barrier in southern Rhode Island, provides a case study of barrier spit migration via storm driven overwash and washover fan migration. Documented shoreline changes using historical surveys and vertical aerial photographs show that the barrier had little in the way of net change in position between 1883 and 1939, including the impact of the 1938 hurricane. The barrier retreated rapidly between 1945 and 1975, driven by both tropical and extra-tropical storms. The shoreline position has been largely static since 1975. The removal of the foredune during the 1938 hurricane facilitated landward shoreline migration in subsequent lower intensity storms. Dune recovery following the 1962 Ash Wednesday storm has been allowed due to limited overwash and barrier migration over the last several decades. Shoreline change rates during the period from 1945–1975 were more than double the rate of shoreline change between 1939 and 2014 and triple the rate between 1883 and 2014, exceeding the positional uncertainty of these shoreline pairs. The long-term shoreline change rates used to calculate coastal setbacks in Rhode Island likely underestimate the potential for rapid shoreline retreat over shorter time periods, particularly in a cluster of storm activity. While sea-level rise has increased since 1975, the barrier has not migrated, highlighting the importance of storms in barrier migration.

scholarly journals Energy–Vorticity Theory of Ideal Fluid Mechanics

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2073-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Névir ◽  
Matthias Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Ideal Fluid ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Incompressible Flows ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Shallow Water Models ◽  
Complete Analogy ◽  
Potential Enstrophy

Abstract Nambu field theory, originated by Névir and Blender for incompressible flows, is generalized to establish a unified energy–vorticity theory of ideal fluid mechanics. Using this approach, the degeneracy of the corresponding noncanonical Poisson bracket—a characteristic property of Hamiltonian fluid mechanics—can be replaced by a nondegenerate bracket. An energy–vorticity representation of the quasigeostrophic theory and of multilayer shallow-water models is given, highlighting the fact that potential enstrophy is just as important as energy. The energy–vorticity representation of the hydrostatic adiabatic system on isentropic surfaces can be written in complete analogy to the shallow-water equations using vorticity, divergence, and pseudodensity as prognostic variables. Furthermore, it is shown that the Eulerian equation of motion, the continuity equation, and the first law of thermodynamics, which describe the nonlinear evolution of a 3D compressible, adiabatic, and nonhydrostatic fluid, can be written in Nambu representation. Here, trilinear energy–helicity, energy–mass, and energy–entropy brackets are introduced. In this model the global conservation of Ertel’s potential enstrophy can be interpreted as a super-Casimir functional in phase space. In conclusion, it is argued that on the basis of the energy–vorticity theory of ideal fluid mechanics, new numerical schemes can be constructed, which might be of importance for modeling coherent structures in long-term integrations and climate simulations.

Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

scholarly journals Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Southern Poland

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Mieczysław F. Pazdur ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Andrzej Górny ◽  
Michał Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Paleoclimatic Records ◽  
Age Range

We report preliminary results of a long-term systematic study intended to gather paleoclimatic records from precisely dated speleothems. The research project is limited to speleothems deposited in caves of the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, the largest and best-explored karst region in Poland, covering ca. 2900 km2 with >1000 caves. Speleothem samples were selected from collections of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow. Radiocarbon dates of these samples from ca. 45–20 ka bp almost exactly coincide with age range of the Interplenivistulian. A break in speleothem formation between ca. 20 and 10 ka bp may be interpreted as a result of serious climatic deterioration associated with the maximum extent of the last glaciation. We observed differences among 14C, U/Th and AAR dating results. Changes of δ13C and δ18O in speleothems that grew between ca. 30 and 20 ka bp may be interpreted as changes of paleoclimatic conditions.

Cultured Monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Huffman ◽  
Charmalie A.D. Nahallage ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Leca
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Integrative Research ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Term Maintenance

Sixty years ago, the notion that animals could have culture was unthinkable to most behavioral scientists. Today, evidence for innovation, transmission, acquisition, long-term maintenance, and intergroup variation of behavior exists throughout the animal kingdom. What can the longitudinal and comparative study of monkeys handling stones tell us about how culture evolved in humans? Now in its 30th year, the systematic study of stone-handling behavior in multiple troops of Japanese macaques has shown that socially mediated learning is essential to explain the spread, persistence, and transformation of individual behavioral innovations among group members. The integrative research paradigm presented here can be applied to the study of various candidate behavioral traditions in other species.

Development and application of long-term root zone salt balance model for predicting soil salinity in arid shallow water table area

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 486-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanfang Sun ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
Jinzhong Yang ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Shallow Water Table

scholarly journals The excavation of two crop-marks at Huntingtower, Perthshire

1983 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Gordon J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Unpublished Note ◽  
Ancient Monuments

In the 1940s and 50s Mr Eric Bradley, a flying instructor at Scone, noticed and described a series of crop-marks to the W of Perth during attempts to trace the Roman road, from the Gask Ridge, at its last known point near Dupplin Lake some 8-5 km to the SW of the fort at Bertha. In 1969 Dr J X W P Corcoran admirably summarized the evidence available from Mr Bradley's notes and maps, Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography (CUCAP) photographs and RAF vertical photographs in an unpublished note, now in the NMRS. In 1967 a valuable series of aerial photographs of the Huntingtower sites was taken by John Dewar Studios for the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments. Subsequently RCAHMS has photographed the area resulting in the discovery of further features.

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