Effects of di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycols on the thermodynamic and micellar properties of Triton X-100 in water

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen MacIsaac ◽  
Aiysha Al-Wardian ◽  
Karen Glenn ◽  
Rama M Palepu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Tetraethylene Glycol ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
Micellization Process ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Triton X

Micellar and surface thermodynamic properties of aggregation of Triton X-100 (TX-100) in mixed solvent systems containing di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycol with water have been investigated by employing surface tension, density, and fluorescence methods. The differences in Gibbs energies of micellization between water and binary solvent mixtures were determined to evaluate the influence of the co-solvent on the micellization process. From the surface tension measurements, the effects of the co-solvent on parameters such as surface excess, minimum area per molecule, and surface pressure indicate that the surface activity of the surfactant decreases with increasing concentration of the glycol co-solvent. Partial specific volumes, obtained from density measurements, indicate that the fraction of solvent molecules interacting with the micelles by hydrogen bonding vary with the type of additive. Fluorescence studies reveal that quenching of the pyrene probe by cetyl pyridinum chloride in TX-100 micelles is accompanied by simultaneous static and dynamic processes.Key words: Triton X-100, glycols, thermodynamics, micelles, fluorescence quenching.

Effect of modification of binary solvent molecules on ε-CL-20 crystal morphology: a molecular dynamics study

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Zhao ◽  
Guanwen Su ◽  
Guozhao Liu ◽  
Hongyuan Wei ◽  
Leping Dang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Binary Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Molecules

The effects of thirteen binary solvent systems on the growth of CL-20 were studied by molecular dynamics simulation, and the effect of antisolvent properties on the solvent inhibition was systematically investigated.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes of Amlodipine Besylate with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cations in pure and in mixed binary solvent systems at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K by Conductometric Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Dhruvi. R. Mehta ◽  
Raviprakash S. Chandra ◽  
M. M. Maisuria
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Conductometric Method ◽  
Binary Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
The Stability

The present work relates to the complexation reaction between Amlodipine Besylate[AML] with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pure methanol (MeOH) and their binary mixtures(DMSO-MeOH and DMSO-Water) by conductometric method. The conductance data show that the stoichiometry of the complexes formed between AML with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in pure DMSO, pure MeOHas well as in the binary solvent mixtures was 1:1. The stability of AML complexes with Ni2+ , Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ion was observed to be sensitive to the nature of the solvent system. In case of DMSO-Water binary solvent systems there was a linear change in LogKf values but in case of DMSO-MeOH binary solvent systems non linear change in LogKf values observed.The negative values of ΔG0 show that the reaction is spontaneous and ability of the AML ligand to form stable complexes. However, the result shows positive value of ΔH0 which indicates that enthalpy is not driving force for the formation of the complexes. Furthermore, the positive value of ΔS0 indicates that entropy is a driving force for the complexation. The values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 for formation of the complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constants.

scholarly journals Studies on the Interactions of Paracetamol in Water and Binary Solvent Mixtures at T = (298.15–313.15) K: Viscometric and Surface Tension Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2776-2786
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Surface Excess ◽  
Gibbs Equation ◽  
Surface Tension Data ◽  
D Values

Temperature, concentration, and solvent conditions have consequences on the formation and dissolution of the drug. Viscometric measurements of paracetamol solutions of different concentrations in 5, 10, and 15% methanol have been made at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15K. Surface tension values (γ) of the solutions were obtained experimentally by using a stalagmometer as well as were derived from the ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (d) values at 298.15 K. The surface tension data have been analyzed using the Gibbs equation to evaluate surface excess (Γ_2). The surface tension and surface excess data obtained by the two different methods are well in accordance. The viscosity (ɳ) data were used to calculate relative viscosity (ɳ_(r ) ), Falkenhagen coefficients (A_(F )), Jone-Dole’s coefficients (B_(J ) ) and chemical potential (μ). The obtained data have been analyzed based on the Jones-Dole equation to know the molecular interactions.

Solvation properties of ubiquinone-10 in solvents of different polarity

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ondarroa ◽  
Santosh K. Sharma ◽  
Peter J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Ubiquinone 10 ◽  
Surface Balance

The solvation properties of ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinol-10 in a wide variety of solvents of polarity varying from alkanes to water are reported. Greatest solubility is observed in solvents of intermediate polarity and particularly where low polarity is combined with a pronounced tendency to interact with the benzoquinone substituent of the ubiquinone molecule. This includes solvents like chloroform and benzene. Ubiquinone-10 is somewhat less polar than ubiquinol-10 as judged by comparative solubilities of the two molecules. Proton-NMR chemical shift measurements and aggregation studies in selected solvents indicate that in ubiquinone-10 in the liquid phase and in solution in hydrocarbons like dodecane the molecules have a preferred association possibly involving stacking of the benzoquinone rings. Surface balance studies indicated that the surface-active character of ubiquinone-10 is relatively weak and only in a comparatively polar and highly structured solvent, formamide, was there evidence of an effect on surface tension of the solvent. The critical micelle concentratiom in this solvent was estimated to be about 5 μM on the basis of surface tension measurements. Ubiquinone-10 is well known to form virtually insoluble monolayers at the air/water interface. Studies of the partition of ubiquinone-10 in binary mixtures of solvents suggest that the interaction of the benzoquinone ring substituent with structured polar solvents is considerably weaker than the internal cohesion between molecules of the solvent. No evidence on the basis of wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements was obtained to indicate that solvent molecules were a component of the crystal lattice of ubiquinone-10 that had precipitated from solvent mixtures.

Adsorption of Poly(vinyl butyral) in Nonaqueous Ferrite Suspensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Ho Jean ◽  
Shun-Fen Yeh ◽  
Chi-Jen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Ferrite Powder ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Hydroxyl Content ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Binary Solvent Systems ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Vinyl Butyral ◽  
Poor Solvent

The adsorption of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) on NiCuZn ferrite powder in binary solvent systems of 1-butanol and toluene has been investigated. The adsorption isotherms of different PVB's on ferrite powder from various solvent mixtures follow closely the Langmuir monolayer types and can be explained by adsorption competition between solvents and PVB. A relatively poor solvent for PVB increases its adsorption on ferrite powder and thus improves the dispersion of the powder in the nonaqueous suspension. The adsorbance of PVB increases with increasing hydroxyl content in PVB suggesting that PVB is bonding strongly to the protruding surface hydroxyl groups on ferrite powder.

scholarly journals Impacts of Extraction Methods and Solvent Systems in the Assessment of Toxic Organic Compounds in a Solid Matrix

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Ugwu ◽  
P. O. Ukoha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Solvent Systems

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the listed persistent organic compounds (POP) which are pollutants of environmental concern due to their toxicity. This study evaluated soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction methods using a three-solvent system (acetone+dichloromethane+n-hexane) in order to compare the ability of the techniques to extract selected PAHs in raw coals collected from a coal mine in Okobo-Enjema, Nigeria. Then, binary solvent mixtures consisting of acetone+dichloromethane; dichloromethane+n-hexane; and acetone+n-hexane, were compared with the ternary solvent system for their ability to extract the target PAHs by soxhlet extraction method. The extracts were quantitatively analysed for sixteen PAHs using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Sonication extraction method extracted higher number of PAHs, required fewer amount of solvents, shorter time of extraction and less energy consumption compared to soxhlet extraction, which extracted higher amount of the target PAHs. The total amount of PAHs determined ranged from 0.02 mg/kg to 0.20 mg/kg in the various solvents' mixtures. The ternary mixture extracted larger quantities of the target toxic PAHs. This report will assist in the choice of analytical methods and solvent systems for environmental studies.

Preferential solvation of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions in mixed solvents: n.m.r. methods

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 3183-3187 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Frankel ◽  
T. R. Stengle ◽  
C. H. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Solvation ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Coordination Sites ◽  
Coordination Spheres ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Solvent Proton

A method for the study of preferential solvation in the outer coordination spheres from paramagnetic broadening of solvent proton n.m.r. signals was proposed by Frankel, Stengle, and Langford. It is now extended to determinations of the relative concentrations of water and dioxane, dimethylformamide, or dimethylsulfoxide in the inner coordination spheres of Co2+ and Ni2+ ions in the binary solvent mixtures. The assumptions of the analysis are cross-checked by a new method based on the contact shifts experienced by protons on solvent molecules in the coordination spheres of paramagnetic ions. The second method depends upon assumptions independent of the first. Three cases are presented as tests of these n.m.r. approaches. It is clear that highly precise solvation sphere populations will be difficult to obtain but that useful and significant information can be obtained in situations to which alternative methods are almost totally inapplicable.The results indicate that dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide are good competitors for coordination sites but that dioxane is excluded by water.

scholarly journals Ion-Solvent Interactions Investigated by Isentropic Compressibility Measurements of Lithium and Sodium Salts in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile and Nitromethane at 298.15 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451
Author(s):  
Hardeep Anand ◽  
Narender Singh ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Solvent Molecules

Ultrasonic velocities (u) and densities (ρ) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4), tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) were measured in the concentration range 0.001-0.25 mol kg-1 in acetonitrile (AN) and nitromethane (NM) binary mixtures consisting of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol%NM in AN at 298.15 K. The isentropic compressibility (Ks) and apparent molal isentropic compressibility (Ks,f) values of the above salts in all solvent mixtures have been evaluated from experimental data. Limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (Ko s,φ) for various salts were evaluated and split into the ionic contributions (Ko s,φ)±. The variation of (Ko s,φ)± with solvent compositions shows that Li+ and Na+ ions have very large negative (Ko s,φ)± values indicating strong solvation of both Li+ and Na+ ions in AN + NM mixtures over whole binary solvent composition range. Stronger solvation was further observed in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures. Li+ ions, however, showed much higher solvation as compared to Na+ ions at all compositions. The ClO4 – ions showed feeble solvation in AN + NM mixtures through some interaction with AN binary mixtures with higher mol% of AN. The positive values of (Ko s,φ)± with large magnitude for Bu4N+ and Ph4B– ions indicate solvophobic type of interaction with the solvent molecules, which is stronger in the intermediate compositions of AN + NM mixtures.

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